Deck 1: Race Ethnicity and Crime America S Continuing Crisis

Question 1

People of color are victimized by violent and property crimes at a ______ rate than white Americans.

A)lower
B)higher
C)similar
D)exact same

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The African American population is largely concentrated in:

A)California , Texas, New York, Florida, and Illinois.
B)Hawaii , New Mexico, California, Texas, and New York.
C)the Southwest United States.
D)the Southeast United States.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In 2014 the incarceration rate for African American males in state and federal prisons was _____ times the rate for whites.

A)40.5
B)6.0
C)20.7
D)2.6

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Uniform Crime Reports data are __________ with respect to many important issues related to race, ethnicity, and crime.

A)questionable
B)comprehensive
C)useless
D)confusing

Question 5

Which of the following records arrests?

A)The National Crime Victims Survey
B)Uniform Crime Report
C)The Police-Public Contact Survey
D)The Census

Question 6

The Color of Justice includes material on the following groups:

A)African Americans and whites.
B)All people of color.
C)Hispanics and African Americans.
D)All groups.

Question 7

Experts regard the concept of race as:

A)an essential component of social research.
B)a biological categorization of the human species.
C)an unwanted distraction during human research.
D)primarily a social construct.

Question 8

This book is based on:

A)Psychological Theory.
B)Marxist Theory.
C)Consensus Theory.
D)Conflict Theory.

Question 9

__________discrimination occurs only in certain situations.

A)Contextual
B)Systemic
C)Institutionalized
D)Entrenched

Question 10

_____ are the fastest-growing ethnic group in the US.

A)Hispanic
B)White
C)African American
D)Asia

Question 11

Population concentration translates into :

A)diluted political power.
B)the ability to control agencies .
C)political power.
D)political power and the ability to control agencies .

Question 12

Discrimination is a difference based on __________ without reference to an individual's behavior or qualifications.

A)bias
B)extralegal factors
C)differential treatment of groups
D)All of the above.

Question 13

The labels applied to groups are:

A)periodically changed for political expedience.
B)essential for clarity and specificity during discourse.
C)usually applied by the politically and culturally dominant group.
D)All of the above.

Question 14

According to Pew Research Center _____ of African Americans believed that "blacks are treated less fairly than whites in this country in dealing with the police," as compared to ____ of white Americans.

A)92% and 92%
B)84% and 50%
C)17% and 34%
D)10% and 11%

Question 15

Heather MacDonald argues the primary cause of the high rate of incarceration of African Americans is:

A)discrimination in the criminal justice system.
B)the racism of police, prosecutors, judges, and correctional personnel.
C)lack of role models.
D)involvement in criminal behavior.

Question 16

Discrimination is made illegal by the equal protection provision of the:

A)Thirteenth Amendment.
B)Fourteenth Amendment.
C)Eighth Amendment.
D)Ninth Amendment.

Question 17

The Innocence Project has found that among prisoners exonerated by DNA evidence, __ percent are people of color.

A)12
B)31
C)61
D)75

Question 18

Office of Management and Budget racial and ethnic categories are:

A)a socialpolitical construct.
B)anthropologically based.
C)scientifically based.
D)All of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following would Marc Mauer of the Innocence Project and Heather MacDonald agree on?

A)Racial disparities in criminal justice can be a result of differential impact in criminal justice processing
B)Racial disparities in criminal justice can be a result of the overlap of social class and race
C)Racial disparities in criminal justice  can be a result of disproportionate involvement in crime
D)Racial disparities in criminal justice can be the result of race neutral policies

Question 20

The proper labeling of a group is __________ in the sense that it often involves a power struggle between different racial and ethnic groups.

A)controversial
B)difficult
C)political
D)confrontational

Question 21

Nearly 50% of Americans correctly believe that immigrants are more crime prone than natives.

Question 22

According to the statistics provided, most immigrants in America are undocumented.

Question 23

For many whites, __________ is a code word for fears of social change, and fears of racial change in particular.

Question 24

__________ discrimination occurs at all stages of the criminal justice system, in all places, and at all times.

A)Contextual 
B)Systemic
C)Institutionalized
D)Entrenched

Question 25

The UCR reporting format serves to standardize racial and ethnic categories used by participating criminal justice agencies.

Question 26

The authors of The Bell Curve argue success in life is largely determined by ___. 

Question 27

Crime rates on Native American reservations tend to remain low because of effective policing by tribal law enforcement agents. 

Question 28

The three traditional racial categories are Caucasian, Negroid, and __________.

Question 29

The FBI provides guidelines for the use of the Hispanic designation among criminal justice agencies in the appendices of its Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics . 

Question 30

One problem with the Uniform Crime Report data is that it is self-report.

Question 31

Discrimination is a type of disparity that:

A)uses extra legal factors.
B)that is uncommon.
C)uses legal factors.
D)that is only racial.

Question 32

Traditionally, race has referred to major biological divisions of mankind distinguished by color of skin, color and texture of hair, bodily proportions, and other physical features.

Question 33

W.E.B. Du Bois declared, ''The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the _______ ________." 

Question 34

The basic premise of _________ theory is that the law is used to maintain the power of a society's dominant group and control the individuals who threaten that power.

A)disparity
B)discrimination
C)consensus
D)conflict

Question 35

Experts regard the concept of race as primarily a biological construct.

Question 36

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 covers employment discrimination by:

A)private employers.
B)federal agencies.
C)state agencies.
D)private employers and government agencies.

Question 37

T he history of the classification and labeling of African American people in the U.S. exemplifies the politics of racial categories.

Question 38

Racist ________ ____ __________ designation historically decided who was African American and who was not. For example, if a person had a great-great-great-great-great grandfather that was African American, and all other relatives were white, this person was still African American.

Question 39

The term pure justice refers to the condition when there is no discrimination at any time or place in the criminal justice system.

Question 40

__________ discrimination involves disparities in outcomes that result from established policies.

A)Contextual
B)Systemic
C)Institutionalized
D)Entrenched

Question 41

__________ refers to differences between groups of people based on cultural customs, such as language, religion, food ways, family patterns, and other characteristics.

Question 42

Explain why t he problem of classifying multiethnic and multiracial people has important implications for criminal justice data .

Question 43

A ________  _________ policy is one that does not state a race to be impacted directly, but targets behaviors typically associated with that race.

Question 44

Explain how current efforts by local police agencies to enforce federal immigration law has impacted immigrant communities---with a special emphasis on Hispanic communities.

Question 45

Explain why anthropologists and sociologists do not accept the strict biological definition of race.

Question 46

American citizens who self-identify with more than one racial or ethnic group are often referred to as ________________

Question 47

The U.S. Census (and the NCVS)use a _______ __________ system for learning racial and ethnic identity.

Question 48

Explain the various "pros" and "cons" of one particular criminal justice data set. Why do you believe no one data set can adequately capture all of the information about crime, criminal justice, race, and ethnicity in America?

Question 49

Experts regard the concept of race as primarily a __________ construct . 

Question 50

Why do you believe that African Americans and Hispanics are much more likely to be victims of crime, but white Americans large have more FEAR of crime?