Deck 17: Corrections for Juveniles

Question 1

Most female delinquents commit the crime of running away.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The cost of custody in a juvenile training school is usually double that for an adult in prison.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When girls break the law, the juvenile justice system has a tendency to treat them as status offenders.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most common sanction given today's juvenile offenders is incarceration.

Question 5

Age is the best predictor of recidivism.

Question 6

It is unconstitutional to execute someone who committed their crime before they were 18.

Question 7

For juvenile offenders, the role of family is critical to the success of correctional efforts.

Question 8

Which of the following are factors in a juvenile's history that indicate a high risk of delinquency?​

A) ​behavior problems in elementary school
B) ​drug dealing
C) ​antisocial parents
D) ​all of these

Question 9

The logic behind juvenile diversion programs is based on the developmental pattern of delinquency.

Question 10

Regardless of how the media portrays juvenile offenders, the everyday juvenile offender remains unsophisticated and susceptible to change through appropriate programs.

Question 11

Juveniles have a low rate of crime desistence.

Question 12

The first and basic "essentials of due process" are required by juvenile offenders was determined in what
Landmark case?

A) ​Kent v. United States
B) ​In Re Winship
C) ​Breed v. Jones
D) ​McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 13

Gang involvement decreased by the end of the 1990s, but has increased substantially since the 2000s.

Question 14

The procedures of juvenile corrections incorporate:​

A) ​firm due process rules.
B) ​informality and discretionary decision making.
C) ​strict judicial precedent.
D) ​formal criminal procedure.

Question 15

Most correctional professionals believe juveniles are more susceptible than adults to the influence of treatment programs.

Question 16

Conflicts between a child and an adult may promote delinquency as the child's way of "getting back" or
unintentionally calling attention to the conflict.

Question 17

Extremely serious juvenile crime incidents are rare.

Question 18

Violent offenders commit the smallest number of crimes.

Question 19

All delinquents, regardless of their crimes, can be saved from a life of crime.

Question 20

The young offender in adult facilities is a management problem because of large numbers, not because of special needs.

Question 21

The first decision made in a juvenile court is to:

A) ​determine guilt.
B) ​file a petition of juvenile jurisdiction.
C) ​appoint a lawyer.
D) ​assess culpability.

Question 22

When girls misbehave, the juvenile justice system often treats them as:

A) ​boys.
B) ​adults.
C) ​status offenders.
D) ​criminals.

Question 23

Since 1994, the juvenile crime rate has:

A) ​risen.
B) ​decreased.
C) ​exploded.
D) ​remained static.​

Question 24

Aftercare operates in a way similar to:

A) ​adult parole.
B) ​adult probation.
C) ​the House of Refuge.
D) ​a minimum security prison.

Question 25

The first juvenile court was established in:​

A) ​Omaha.
B) ​New York.
C) ​Los Angeles.
D) ​Chicago.

Question 26

This case stated that jury trials are not required for juvenile court hearings.

A) ​McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
B) ​Kent v. United States
C) ​Schall v. Martin
D) ​Eddings v. Oklahoma

Question 27

Levels of gang activity through the 1990s.

A) ​declined
B) ​increased
C) ​remained stable
D) ​intensified

Question 28

In 2009, approximately how many juveniles were arrested?​

A) ​500,000
B) ​200,000
C) ​1.9 million
D) ​2.8 million

Question 29

Assumptions about the "normalcy" of delinquency depend on how the misbehavior fits the juvenile's:

A) ​disposition.
B) ​age.
C) ​attitude.
D) ​parents.

Question 30

This case required a standard of "beyond a doubt" for delinquency matters.

A) ​Kent v. United States
B) ​In Re Gault
C) ​In Re Winship
D) ​Eddings v Oklahoma

Question 31

The juvenile corrections system supports decision making.

A) ​firm
B) ​discretionary
C) ​fixed
D) ​definite

Question 32

Which of the following seeks to avoid the consequences of formal processing?

A) ​waiver
B) ​adjudication
C) ​diversion
D) ​intermediate sanctions

Question 33

Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony believed the child was:​

A) ​sweet and basically good.
B) ​incorrigible.
C) ​rude and crude.
D) ​evil and in need of discipline.

Question 34

During the Refuge Period the first institution where delinquent, abused, and neglected children could learn good work and study habits, live in a disciplined and healthy environment, and develop character was the House of Refuge in:​

A) ​Pennsylvania.
B) ​Massachusetts.
C) ​New York.
D) ​New Jersey.

Question 35

This case specified the "essentials" required by Kent-notice, hearing, counsel, and cross examination.

A) ​In Re Gault
B) ​In re Winship
C) ​Breed v. Jones
D) ​McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 36

The most common sanction a juvenile receives is:​

A) ​detention.
B) ​aftercare.
C) ​probation.
D) ​diversion.

Question 37

An example of a status offense is:

A) ​not doing homework.
B) ​not cleaning the house.
C) ​running away.
D) ​talking back to parents.

Question 38

Research shows that juveniles are carrying guns than before.

A) ​fewer
B) ​more
C) ​the same number of
D) ​Research has yet to determine this statistic.

Question 39

Which of the following would NOT be considered a secure placement for a juvenile?​

A) ​foster home
B) ​residential center
C) ​reform school
D) ​training school

Question 40

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1988 requires states to determine whether the proportion of minorities in confinement their proportion in the population.

A) ​correlates with
B) ​relates to
C) ​underrepresents
D) ​exceeds

Question 41

Those who are uneasy and dissatisfied with the juvenile justice system's response to certain juvenile offenders often favor an increased use of ____________ to adult court.

A) ​waiver
B) ​reassignment
C) ​relocation
D) ​disposition

Question 42

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Delinquent

Question 43

Programs that increase social interpersonal competence and decrease __________ tend to reduce delinquency.

A) ​boredom
B) ​drug involvement
C) ​school failure
D) ​sexual experimentation

Question 44

The public today calls for a approach to juveniles.

A) ​rehabilitative
B) ​lenient
C) ​get-tough
D) ​restorative

Question 45

_________________ of minority juveniles often stems from disparity at the early stages of case processing.

Question 46

___________ refers to the period of juvenile corrections in which reformers urged the creation of institutions where delinquent, abandoned, abused, and neglected children could live in a healthy environment, learn good work and study habits, and develop character.

A) ​Juvenile rights
B) ​Refuge
C) ​Puritan
D) Crime control​

Question 47

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Desistence

Question 48

The first juvenile court in the United States was created in 1899 in:

A) ​Philadelphia.
B) ​New York City.
C) ​Boston.
D) ​Chicago.

Question 49

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Dependent​

Question 50

With the dawn of the Juvenile Court period the new juvenile court took the role of .

Question 51

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Aftercare​

Question 52

According to the authors, most gangs are:

A) ​violent.
B) ​similar.
C) ​non-violent.
D) ​brutal.

Question 53

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Waiver​

Question 54

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
In Re Gault​

Question 55

In 2009, how many juvenile offenders were referred to juvenile court?

A) ​500,000
B) ​1.5 million
C) ​300,000
D) ​more than 2 million

Question 56

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Status offense​

Question 57

A child is one who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care.

Question 58

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Neglected​

Question 59

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Kent v. United States​

Question 60

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Requires "essentials" of due process
b.Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c.Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d.Transfer to adult court
e.State as guardian
f.Parole
g.Specifies "essentials" of due process
h.Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Parens patriae​

Question 61

The Poor Laws established the basis for officials to take charge of vagrant and delinquent children.

Question 62

The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on and .

Question 63

Compare and contrast the juvenile and adult correctional process. Be sure to highlight and address philosophical, procedural, and programmatic similarities and differences. Do you agree that there ought to be two distinct systems? Explain your position.

Question 64

Discuss the differences between the terms "delinquent child," "neglected child," and "dependent child." Originally, which type of child was the juvenile system intended to focus on? Which type of child does it currently focus primarily on today?​

Question 65

The public today calls for ______________ measures to curb the juvenile crime problem

Question 66

Most gangs are not ___________, and many gang members may actually engage in positive social behaviors.

Question 67

The ______________________ Act is a federal law that was passed in 1988 that requires states to determine whether the proportion of minorities in confinement exceeds their proportion in the community.

Question 68

Discuss the age of offenders within a typical juvenile corrections facility. Should this age be lowered to send more juvenile offenders directly into the adult system? What would the benefits of this be for corrections as whole?​

Question 69

____________________ refers to the fact that many youths who fail in school end up in prison.

Question 70

A child who is not receiving proper care because of an action or inaction of parents is a .

Question 71

A(n) is considered a transfer to adult court.

Question 72

______________________-based programs usually have three objectives: keep truants in school, reduce school violence, and improve academic performance of at-risk youth.

Question 73

The alone is not enough to predict whether or not a juvenile offender is someone whom society should fear.

Question 74

When Americans are asked to identify the serious problems facing children, they cite _________ and crime.

Question 75

One of the most widespread new intermediate sanctions for juvenile offenders is the _____________.

Question 76

Policy makers around the country are rethinking the get-tough approach to juvenile justice, and a new policy ethic is beginning to surface referred to as _____________.

Question 77

The impact of juvenile _________ programs differs from adult programs in that they show a greater success rate than adults.

Question 78

Identify and discuss four distinct sanctions for juvenile offenders. Discuss how these differ from adult sanctions. Which sanction do you feel is the most important for diverting the following criminal and deviant acts: (1) truancy, (2) drug and alcohol usage, (3) property crimes, and (4) violent behaviors?​