Deck 21: Community Justice

Question 1

Community justice and criminal justice as defined refer to the same process.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

There are four basic types of restorative justice strategies-victim-offender mediation, community boards, family group conferencing, and circle sentencing.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

As a philosophy, community justice is based on the pursuit of justice that goes beyond the three traditional tasks, which are:​

A) ​apprehension.
B) ​conviction.
C) ​punishment.
D) ​all of these.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Citizens and victims are involved in sentencing decisions to increase their confidence in the wisdom of the sanctions.

Question 5

Citizen advisory boards help identify and prioritize local crime problems.

Question 6

For most significant crimes, the state or federal government has legal jurisdiction within politically determined boundaries.

Question 7

An innovative neighborhood-based approach to reducing crime and increasing public safety is:

A) ​restorative justice.
B) ​community justice.
C) ​community surveillance.
D) ​broken windows theory.

Question 8

The proactive approach to restorative justice is based on the assumption that preventing crime is the most efficient aim of justice.

Question 9

The growth of the penal system tends to be random in nature and scope.

Question 10

Most programs of economic development in the community, including "weed and seed" programs, have had quite a successful track record in regard to improving community environments while reducing instances of crime.

Question 11

Traditional justice attempts to develop standardized approaches to crime problems that are applied uniformly across the entire legal jurisdiction.

Question 12

Community justice does not replace the need for criminal justice, but it fills in where the justice system fails to meet community needs.

Question 13

The community justice approach combines crime control and rehabilitation.

Question 14

Reintegration is the solution sought in the problem-solving philosophy of community justice.

Question 15

Citizen partnerships between justice agencies and citizen groups improve the legitimacy of justice programs.

Question 16

Community justice approaches always respect individual rights.

Question 17

The community justice ideal is to ultimately improve the quality of community life.

Question 18

Offender community service gives sanctions to offenders and restores victims and their communities.

Question 19

One of the negatives about community justice approaches is that they fail to recognize the underlying problems of the offender, victims, and others in the neighborhood.

Question 20

Crime mapping identifies where the problem of crime is most concentrated.

Question 21

The growth of new and innovative community justice projects has been remarkably:​

A) ​slow.
B) ​fast.
C) ​unwelcome.
D) ​measured.

Question 22

Most police departments said they practiced some form of:​

A) ​community corrections.
B) ​community maintenance.
C) ​community justice.
D) ​community policing.

Question 23

While traditional justice focuses on processing cases, community justice:​

A) ​is based in a state or local jurisdiction.
B) ​focuses on solving crime problems.
C) ​seeks to punish offenders.
D) ​does none of the above.

Question 24

The traditional criminal justice system is concerned almost exclusively with:​

A) ​winning.
B) ​offenders.
C) ​victims.
D) ​safety.

Question 25

By the 1990s, approximately percent of law enforcement agencies focused their efforts toward
Community policing practices.

A) ​20
B) ​45
C) ​65
D) ​80

Question 26

The community justice strategy of seeks to change the places where crime occurs.

A) ​restorative justice
B) ​community policing
C) ​environmental crime prevention
D) ​all of these

Question 27

Research has shown that, when compared with traditional criminal justice, restorative justice programs result in greater for both victims and offenders.

A) ​fairness
B) ​satisfaction
C) ​frustration
D) ​disappointment

Question 28

Identifying different areas where crime is most concentrated is known as:​

A) ​neighborhood watch.
B) ​crime mapping.
C) ​community policing.
D) ​proactive approach.

Question 29

The idea of community justice is very:​

A) ​out of favor.
B) ​marginalized.
C) ​dangerous.
D) ​popular.

Question 30

Environmental crime prevention specialists work to change:​

A) ​the places crime tends to occur.
B) ​the crimes that tend to occur.
C) ​common patrols routes.
D) ​the manner of police dispatch.

Question 31

Victimization rates are higher for:​

A) ​wealthy whites.
B) ​African American suburbanites.
C) ​African Americans and Latinos.
D) ​white urbanites.

Question 32

When a neighborhood is plagued by arrests, incarceration, joblessness, crime, and poverty, it is an example of a phenomenon known as:​

A) ​concentrated space.
B) ​determined space.
C) ​spatial concentration.​
D) ​spatial application.

Question 33

We have spatial concentration in the United States because neighborhoods are:​

A) ​poor.
B) ​integrated.
C) ​assimilated.
D) ​segregated.

Question 34

Which of the following is an argument against community justice?​

A) ​impingement on individual rights
B) ​social inequality
C) ​increasing costs
D) ​all of these

Question 35

are those areas where crime seems constant; community policing attempts to change the dynamic of those areas.

A) ​Hot spots
B) ​Problem areas
C) ​Locations
D) ​Issues

Question 36

People in poor communities tend to tell researchers that they want:
​

A) ​bad guys off their streets.
B) ​bad guys sent to prison.
C) ​people not to go to prison.
D) ​to move out of their neighborhoods.

Question 37

seeks to re-establish victim, offender, and community to a level of functioning that existed before the criminal event.

A) ​Community justice
B) ​Restorative function
C) ​Community surveillance
D) ​Restorative justice

Question 38

The community policing movement had become enormously successful by the end of the:​

A) ​1970s.
B) ​1980s.
C) ​1990s.
D) ​2000s.

Question 39

The number of minority children with fathers in prison or jail is approximately:​

A) ​500,000.
B) ​1 million.
C) ​1.5 million.
D) ​2 million.

Question 40

Community justice attempts to:​

A) ​apply strategies uniformly.
B) ​tailor strategies individually.
C) ​apply strategies based on funding.
D) ​tailor strategies to the law.

Question 41

Four factors have influenced the growth of the penal system including age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and .

Question 42

A strategy to redirect funds currently spent on prisons to community public safety projects is .

Question 43

A "problem-solving" approach to addressing community issues is considered to be a(n) ____________ strategy.

A) ​proactive
B) ​adversarial
C) ​reactive
D) ​confrontational

Question 44

Traditional criminal justice is:​

A) ​proactive.
B) ​reactive.
C) ​inactive.
D) ​active.

Question 45

The phrase ______________ refers to the type of life communities need to reduce crime.

Question 46

Traditional criminal justice employs strategies.
​

A) ​judicial
B) ​adversarial
C) ​reparative
D) ​individualized

Question 47

is the solution sought under the problem-solving philosophy of community justice.

Question 48

Most of the people who cycle through , prisons, and parole come from a limited number of impoverished communities

Question 49

is when certain neighborhoods have very high numbers of arrests and of people going to prison.

Question 50

The strategy of the _____________ approach combines three contemporary justice innovations: community policing, environmental crime, and restorative justice.

Question 51

The ______________ policing approach to law enforcement employs problem-solving strategies to identify ways to prevent crime by getting to root causes of instead of relying on arrests.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key areas of concern raised about community justice models?​

A)individual rights
B)social inequality
C)increased costs
D)political support

Question 53

Our criminal justice system is designed as a(n) _____________ attack on crime, implemented by identifying criminals, then removing them from the community on conviction.
​

A) ​reactive
B) ​adversarial
C) ​premeditated
D) ​confrontational

Question 54

is mutual trust among neighbors combined with a willingness to intervene for the common good.

A) ​Collective efficacy​
B) ​Community policing
C) ​Proactive policing
D) ​Spatial concentration

Question 55

Having a father go to prison contributes to a range of developmental problems, emotional problems, and in children.

Question 56

Research has shown that problems of violence stem directly from problems of __ .

Question 57

Ever since the landmark works of ________ and _________, criminologists have realized that crimes tend to concentrate in certain areas.

A) ​Cullen and Spohn
B) ​Sutherland and Cressey
C) ​Copes and Klenowski
D) ​Shaw and McKay

Question 58

Community justice is based on the rather than on the .

Question 59

Inequality breeds_______________.

Question 60

Locations with a substantial concentration of crime are known as .

Question 61

The popularity of community justice derives in part from deep dissatisfaction with contemporary justice _________.

Question 62

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Community justice​

Question 63

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Collective efficacy​

Question 64

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Problem-solving approach

Question 65

Compare and contrast community justice and criminal justice. Which is more effective? Which is less effective? Why? Which do you feel best meets the needs of society? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Question 66

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
justice reinvestment​

Question 67

List and discuss the main arguments that both favor and do not favor the use of community justice strategies. How have these arguments impacted its implantation and usage in the United States? In your opinion, should be continue to invest in community justice programs? If so, which ones and why?​

Question 68

____________________ justice attempts to develop standardized approaches to crime problems that can be applied uniformly across the entire legal jurisdiction.

Question 69

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Environmental crime prevention​

Question 70

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Adversarial process​

Question 71

The ________________ approach begins with an analysis of why crime tends to concentrate in certain locations and certain times.

Question 72

The __________________ approach to sanctioning offenders seeks to restore the victim, the offender, and the community to a level of functioning that existed prior to the criminal event.

Question 73

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Spatial concentration​

Question 74

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Social Disorganization​

Question 75

At the core of community justice is the idea that crime does not happen in a vacuum, but is created by a plethora of community issues. Based on this idea, how would you address or respond to the following crime problems in your community: vandalism, drunk driving, and domestic violence? What programs could you implement within your local community to have an effect on those who are consistently incarcerated within the correctional system?​

Question 76

What is community justice? Are there characteristics of a practice that must be present for a strategy to be deemed community justice? What are these qualities? How do you define community justice? How is community justice different from traditional criminal justice frameworks? Which approach would you prefer if you were: a victim of a criminal event, the perpetrator of a criminal event, living in a neighborhood with high crime rates, living in a neighborhood with low crime rates?​

Question 77

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Restorative justice

Question 78

​Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a.Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b.Concentration of social problems
c.Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d.Gives back to the community through justice
e.Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f.Offenders must admit what they have done
g.Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h.Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Criminal Justice​