Deck 16: The Maritime Revolution

Question 1

By the time of Columbus, these people were travelling throughout the Caribbean:

A)Arawak and Carib.
B)Inka and Aztecs.
C)Anasazi and Hopewell.
D)Toltec and Olmec.
E)None of these are correct.

Answer 1

Arawak and Carib.

Question 2

Which of the following did not take a lead in exploring the Atlantic?

A)Spain
B)Portugal
C)The Italian trading states of Venice and Genoa
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Answer 2

The Italian trading states of Venice and Genoa

Question 3

Henry the Navigator's staff improved prior inventions such as the magnetic compass and the

A)rudder.
B)steering wheel.
C)astrolabe.
D)astronomical chart.
E)longitude marker.

Answer 3

astrolabe.

Question 4

What African leader was said to have organized two large Atlantic expeditions?

A)Al-Umari
B)Mansa Kankan Musa
C)Mansa Muhammad
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 5

By 1450, daring mariners had explored many regions of the world, but no one had yet crossed the Ocean in either direction.

A)Pacific
B)Atlantic
C)Indian
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 6

Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of the Chinese fleet?

A)The Chinese had suffered great epidemics from their contacts in the Indian Ocean.
B)Zheng He's fleet was sunk by Portuguese naval might.
C)The government opposed increased contact with people considered as barbarians.
D)The unpredictable weather of the Indian Ocean made these voyages too unsafe.
E)Zheng He used the fleet to lead a revolution against the Ming emperor.

Question 7

Which of the following was a reason for Iberian overseas exploration?

A)long-standing Muslim alliances
B)Spain was a center of Renaissance learning.
C)They already had the major share of Mediterranean trade.
D)Christian militancy
E)None of these are correct.

Question 8

The Portuguese contribution to shipbuilding technology was the creation of which small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship?

A)Dhow
B)Junk
C)Galleon
D)Trireme
E)Caravel

Question 9

Which sailors were the first to use the monsoon winds to extend their voyages thousands of miles?

A)Arab
B)Chinese
C)African
D)Malay
E)Portuguese

Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT true of Chinese-African contacts ca. 1415-1433?

A)At least three trading cities in East Africa sent delegations to China in 1415.
B)Zheng's voyages were extended to Africa.
C)Zheng's voyages stimulated the Swahili silk market.
D)The delegates from Malindi presented a giraffe to the emperor of China.
E)Many cultural misunderstandings led to the Sino-African War.

Question 11

The Asian vessels of the Indian Ocean were called junks and

A)caravels.
B)triremes.
C)galleons.
D)dhows.
E)sloops.

Question 12

An early motivation for Portuguese maritime exploration was to

A)gain access to the sub-Saharan gold trade.
B)find buried treasure near Madagascar.
C)discover the "New World."
D)find the Christian kingdom of Prester John.
E)quell political dissent.

Question 13

Which of the following trends led Latin Europe to adventure to the New World?

A)The revival of urban life and trade
B)Alliances between merchants and rulers
C)The struggle with Islamic powers in the Mediterranean
D)Growing intellectual curiosity
E)All of these are correct.

Question 14

The Chinese treasure ships were commanded by

A)Zheng He.
B)Ma Huan.
C)Vasco de Gama.
D)None of these is correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 15

Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because

A)he was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope.
B)he devoted his life to promoting exploration.
C)he designed the compass.
D)he discovered America.
E)"navigator" means conqueror in Portuguese.

Question 16

How did the rise of medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost?

A)The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities.
B)Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together.
C)The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law.
D)Muslim traders actively spread their religion to distant trading cities.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 17

The Vikings were the greatest mariners of which body of water in the Early Middle Ages?

A)Mediterranean Sea
B)Indian Ocean
C)Pacific Ocean
D)Atlantic Ocean
E)Black Sea

Question 18

What factors combined to make Spain one of the most powerful European states in the sixteenth century?

A)The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile
B)Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain in 1492
C)Spain's influence with the Catholic church
D)Political alliances with the Abbasid Caliphate
E)Being the center of intellectual development in Europe

Question 19

How did the Vikings maneuver across long distances?

A)use of the astrolabe and compass
B)knowledge of the heavens and seas
C)rxtensive Arabic maps
D)legends and oral traditions
E)trial and error

Question 20

The Ming Empire attempted to reestablish Chinese predominance and prestige in the Indian Ocean by

A)sending out seven imperial fleets between 1405 and 1433.
B)employing Mongol horsemen to travel the Silk Road.
C)attempting to defeat the Portuguese in the famous sea battle of Calcutta.
D)establishing maritime courts to deal with pirates and privateers.
E)building "artificial" islands.

Question 21

The leader of Benin was called the

A)emperor.
B)manikongo.
C)oba.
D)sultan.
E)samorin.

Question 22

Despite their treaty, Portugal and Spain both claimed the spice trade from

A)Macao.
B)Indonesia.
C)Goa.
D)Singapore.
E)the Moluccas.

Question 23

Early sixteenth century Spanish adventurers who subjugated Mexico, Central America, and Peru were the

A)conquistadors.
B)teutonic knights.
C)saracens.
D)marines.
E)encomiendas.

Question 24

Which Portuguese explorer first entered the Indian Ocean?

A)Bartolomeu Dias
B)Prince Henry
C)Vasco da Gama
D)Ferdinand Magellan
E)Jesus Alou

Question 25

Christopher Columbus was a Genoese mariner employed by

A)Sicily.
B)Spain.
C)Portugal.
D)Genoa.
E)Syracuse.

Question 26

In 1500, what did Portuguese mariners discover while attempting to find a favorable wind around Africa?

A)the east coast of South America
B)the west coast of North America
C)the North Pole
D)the Russian coast
E)Hawaii

Question 27

The 1494 Treaty of divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

A)Magellan.
B)da Gama
C)Columbus
D)Rome
E)Tordesillas

Question 28

The first Amerindians to contact the Spanish in Hispaniola were the

A)Aztecs.
B)Arawaks.
C)Maya.
D)Incas.
E)Cassava.

Question 29

The sugar economy of what island(s)became a model for the later plantations of Brazil and the Caribbean?

A)Madagascar
B)Ceylon
C)Azores
D)Sao Tome
E)None of these are correct.

Question 30

The Portuguese gained control of the eastern Indian Ocean through

A)force.
B)diplomatic negotiation.
C)trade alliances.
D)diplomatic negotiation and trade alliances
E)None of these are correct.

Question 31

The advantage of the caravel was that it was

A)fast.
B)maneuverable.
C)a good fighting ship.
D)armed with small cannons.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 32

What did the Portuguese receive in their trade with the kingdom of Benin?

A)pepper
B)ivory tusks
C)stone beads
D)slaves
E)All of these are correct.

Question 33

Columbus insisted that he had reached

A)the Indian Ocean.
B)the West Indies.
C)the New World.
D)China.
E)Malacca.

Question 34

The first Portuguese who landed in India were greeted with

A)open arms.
B)panic and fear.
C)awe.
D)derisive laughter.
E)religious enthusiasm.

Question 35

The result of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes was

A)considerable Portuguese profit.
B)that they charged a lower price for pepper than Venice or Genoa.
C)that more spices and luxury goods were shipped to Europe.
D)of little impact on the African and Asian mainlands.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 36

The first Portuguese explorer to purchase the rights of exploration of Africa was

A)Fernão Gomes.
B)Bartolomeu Dias.
C)Bartolomo de las Casas.
D)Ferdinand Magellan.
E)Christopher Columbus.

Question 37

The powerful West African kingdom of Benin limited its contacts with the Portuguese by

A)refusing to accept Catholicism.
B)declining offers to receive missionaries.
C)closing the market in male slaves.
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 38

The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was that

A)the motives of the Spanish were purely religious.
B)the Spanish Empire was a territorial empire, while the Portuguese Empire was a trading empire.
C)the motives of the Portuguese Empire were purely economic.
D)the Spanish Empire was a trading empire, while the Portuguese Empire was a territorial empire.
E)the Spanish Empire was only an "intellectual" empire.

Question 39

The Chinese allowed Portugal to create a trading post at

A)Beijing.
B)Yuan.
C)Macao.
D)Cambaluc.
E)Dien Bien Phu.

Question 40

An important addition to the maritime revolution was sailing northwest into the Atlantic to the latitude of the Azores and then

A)riding westerly winds.
B)learning that the magnetic compass did not work while at sea.
C)recognizing that the caravel was unsuited for voyages of exploration.
D)understanding that the lost island of Atlantis was accessible via caravel.
E)improving the ship design by Thomas of Caravel.

Question 41

What indicates that the Ming Dynasty intended to establish their presence among foreigners and traders as impressive and awe-inspiring?

Question 42

Using Map 16.3, can you identify at least nine geostrategic maritime locations (choke points, straits)that impacted this period of history and continue to be significant today?

Question 43

How does the cruzado symbolize the multiple motives of Portuguese explorers?

Question 44

Which Aztec emperor first encountered Cortés?

A)Moctezuma II
B)Montezuma I
C)Tenochtitlan
D)Cuauhtemoc
E)Huayana Capac

Question 45

Describe the interactions of Portuguese and West African peoples, from initial contact by explorers to the permanent settlements established by Portuguese traders. In what ways were interactions between East Africans and the Portuguese similar to or different from interactions between the Portuguese and the Indian Ocean states?

Question 46

Describe the Amerindian colonization of the Caribbean.

Question 47

What four major trends led Spain and Portugal to sponsor voyages of exploration?

Question 48

Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca Empire with

A)180 men.
B)1,800 men.
C)18,000 men.
D)180,000 men.
E)The Inca Empire defeated Pizarro.

Question 49

Describe the Portuguese explorations in the Indian Ocean. How would you characterize the receptivity of the indigenous peoples?

Question 50

What disease caused more casualties among the defenders of Tenochtitlan than Spanish soldiers?

Question 51

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
Europeans were not the first to explore the world and come in contact with far-off peoples and lands. What were the maritime patterns of Chinese and Muslim global exploration before 1450?

Question 52

Trace the maritime progress of Malayo-Polynesians and Africans before 1450.

Question 53

What was the impact of the Spanish in the Americas, as compared with the Portuguese in Africa and the East? What enabled the Spanish to conquer such an enormous territory with so few men?