Deck 13: Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Question 1

Which of the following was not a disease typically spread along the Mongol trade routes?

A)typhus
B)influenza
C)smallpox
D)bubonic plague
E)rabies

Answer 1

rabies

Question 2

To maintain control of vast areas, the Mongols formed different khanates. The Golden Horde ruled over

A)Russia.
B)Japan.
C)Central Asian domains.
D)India.
E)Korea.

Answer 2

Russia.

Question 3

The Mongol way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, was called

A)hunterism.
B)agriculturalism.
C)nomadism.
D)isolationism.
E)urbanism.

Answer 3

nomadism.

Question 4

The first Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan were in

A)Central Asia, the Middle East, and Russia.
B)Japan and Korea.
C)Northern China.
D)Egypt.
E)Annam.

Question 5

More powerful Mongol groups lived almost entirely off

A)farming.
B)being mercenaries.
C)slave trading.
D)tribute.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 6

Which of the Mongol Khans attacked Russian territories and took control of towns along the Volga?

A)Genghis
B)Ögödei
C)Khubilai
D)Batu
E)Güyük

Question 7

After rejection by his family for the title of Great Khan, Khubilai formed

A)the Golden Horde.
B)the Central Asian Khanate.
C)Il-Khan Empire of Iran.
D)the Yuan Empire in China and Siberia.
E)he was assassinated by political rivals.

Question 8

The Mongol leader, the khan,

A)had absolute power in decision making.
B)had his decisions ratified by a council.
C)was a figurehead only.
D)had no power to make decisions but retained a veto.
E)deferred to the Mongol Parliament.

Question 9

The scholar Nasir al-Din Tusi, who wrote on history, poetry, ethics, and religion, was most notable for his contributions in

A)poetry written in Persian.
B)an encompassing world history.
C)translation of philosophy.
D)mathematical developments in algebra and trigonometry.
E)cartography.

Question 10

Who recorded Chinggis Khan's deathbed speech?

A)Juvaini
B)Marco Polo
C)Ibn Battuta
D)Ivan III
E)Rashid al-Din

Question 11

Why was there a cultural flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids?

A)The European style of the Renaissance reached Central Asia.
B)The Dutch tulip was a cultural catalyst between the two societies.
C)The Timurids were schooled in art in Italy.
D)Egyptian artisans migrated throughout Central Asia and the Middle East.
E)Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas.

Question 12

The Mongol cavalry was only defeated at the Battle of

A)Ain Jalut.
B)Baghdad.
C)Lake Chud.
D)Delhi.
E)Burma.

Question 13

Tax farming in the il-Khan state was

A)the payment of taxes solely by farmers.
B)the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations.
C)the exemption granted to farmers from taxation.
D)the growth of a new cash crop.
E)the raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses.

Question 14

Timur was ruler of which khanate?

A)Golden Horde
B)Kipchak
C)Abassid
D)Chagatai
E)Hülegü

Question 15

In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?

A)Islam
B)Judaism
C)Christianity
D)Buddhism
E)Shinto

Question 16

The conflict between the Il-khans and the Golden Horde originated in

A)economic differences.
B)religious differences.
C)cultural differences.
D)philosophical differences.
E)political differences.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to Mongol military supremacy?

A)massive numerical superiority
B)extraordinary riding skills
C)more technically proficient bows
D)flaming arrows
E)catapults to hurl sometimes-flaming projectiles

Question 18

Mongol families often included believers in two or more religions, however, virtually all Mongols observed the practices of

A)Islam.
B)Shamanism.
C)Orthodox Christianity.
D)Atheism.
E)Buddhism.

Question 19

As a result of the Il-Khan attempt to repel them in the Crimean/Caucauses areas, the Golden Horde formed an alliance with

A)Persian Muslims.
B)Egyptian Mamluks.
C)Seljuk Turks.
D)Byzantine (Ottoman)Janissary forces.
E)Buddhists in India.

Question 20

In 1260, major divisions emerged between the Mongol khans because

A)many branches refused to accept Khubilai as Great Khan.
B)Jagadai did not accept Shamanism.
C)Batu and Khubilai teamed up against Jagadai.
D)some refused to accept an alliance with the Mamluks.
E)Yuan defied tribunal consensus to attack central Europe.

Question 21

The Russian prince who advocated cooperation with the Mongols to avoid destructive assimilation was

A)Alexander Nevskii.
B)Dmitri Donskoi.
C)Ivan III.
D)Vladimir the Viking.
E)Grigorii Preobrazhenskii.

Question 22

Benefits of Mongol rule in the Yuan Empire included all of the following EXCEPT

A)secure trade routes.
B)transition to tax farming instead of fixed rate method.
C)exchange of technical expertise between the East and West.
D)transmission of knowledge and skills.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 23

In 1453, the Ottomans led by Sultan Mehmet II captured which important Christian city of the Byzantine Empire?

A)Kiev
B)Vienna
C)Paris
D)Budapest
E)Constantinople

Question 24

The emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols, called the

A)Imperial House.
B)Forbidden City.
C)Heavenly Gates.
D)Dragon's Court.
E)Red Square.

Question 25

The significant scientific discoveries of Islamic scholars were translated by

A)Arabic scholars.
B)Byzantine monks into Greek.
C)Christian scholars in Spain.
D)Indian scholars in Delhi.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 26

Mongol rulers in China were increasingly influenced by the idea of a universal rulership model by religious leaders called lamas from

A)Tibet.
B)Korea.
C)Vietnam.
D)India.
E)Japan.

Question 27

Who overthrew the Yuan Empire in 1368?

A)Huang Dao Po
B)Zhu Yuanzhang
C)Kubilai Khan
D)Ajall Shams al-Din
E)None of these is correct.

Question 28

A significant transmission and sharing of scientific knowledge originating in the Middle East and reaching Europe and India was found in the form of

A)formulas for alchemical processes.
B)Uigher calendar calculations.
C)eclipse predictions and tables.
D)networked astronomical observatories.
E)a centralized library of shared knowledge at Tabriz.

Question 29

One effect of the rise of cities in Yuan China was

A)the increasing influence of Mandarin.
B)the rise of a class of educated holy men.
C)the decline of the prestige of the warrior class.
D)improved nutrition of the urban population.
E)an interest in trade for the first time in China.

Question 30

In the Yuan Empire, the Mongols were the warriors, and the Central Asians and the Middle Easterners were the census takers and the

A)tax collectors.
B)farmers.
C)priests.
D)commanders.
E)rulers.

Question 31

The term "tsar" was of origina.

A)Latin
B)Mongol
C)Chinese
D)Byzantine
E)Russian

Question 32

Mongol armies often consisted of

A)a multinational force with Mongol commanders.
B)ethnic Mongols only.
C)both male and female soldiers.
D)Chinese mercenaries.
E)Uighurs only.

Question 33

Stephen Dushan took advantage of weakening Byzantine influence and proclaimed himself tsar of

A)the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Slavs.
B)the Greeks, Byzantines, Bulgarians, and Sicilians.
C)the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Macedonians.
D)the Macedonians, Albanians, Slavs, and Serbs.
E)the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Albanians.

Question 34

Which khan established the Yuan Empire?

A)Chinggis
B)Khubilai
C)Timur
D)Ogodei
E)Sayyid

Question 35

Because Mongols controlled access to the Silk Road after the overthrow of the Yuan, the emperor Yongle put an emphasis on

A)maritime trade connecting with Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean.
B)overland trade through India and Arabia.
C)trade through Buddhist monasteries.
D)trans-Pacific exploration.
E)none of these; trade decreased because people could not afford to travel by Silk Road and pay Mongol tariffs.

Question 36

Which group held the lowest social rank in Yuan China?

A)Southern Chinese
B)Northern Chinese
C)Middle Easterners
D)Central Asians
E)Mongols

Question 37

Which of the following was not part of what some scholars have termed the "Southwest Silk Road"?

A)Tibet
B)Burma
C)Japan
D)Vietnam
E)China

Question 38

Which of the following was not a khanate in the area of the former Soviet Union?

A)Golden Horde
B)White Horde
C)Crimean
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 39

Which of the following is an aspect of Mongol rule that created hardship and a sharp population decrease in China?

A)migration and flooding of the Yellow River
B)warfare
C)bubonic plague
D)female infanticide
E)All of these are correct.

Question 40

To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperors, starting with Hongwu,

A)severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia.
B)built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.
C)changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese.
D)marched all the Mongols to the Korean border.
E)formed close ties with the Manchu instead.

Question 41

Two main areas of mechanized production in Yi Songgye's Korea were in

A)celadon pottery and cannon.
B)cotton and movable-type font.
C)glass and metal.
D)silk and pottery.
E)porcelain and gunpowder.

Question 42

Some historians argue that Mongol empire building stimulated local economies and facilitated cultural exchange through the promotion of trade. Other historians, echoing the widespread hostility to Mongol rule that existed at the time, argue that Mongol domination retarded political and economic development in many areas. Which position do you think is true? Provide examples from Russia and China as talking points.

Question 43

One of the most prized commercial products of the Ming Empire was

A)green or ginseng ink.
B)teakwood clocks.
C)porcelain.
D)lightweight cannon.
E)wool.

Question 44

Which of the following was never under Mongol occupation or forced to pay tribute?

A)Japan
B)Dai Vet
C)Korea
D)Champa
E)China

Question 45

Ming China didn't develop seafaring for commercial and military because commercial maritime expectations fell short and

A)the emperor feared outside contacts and influence.
B)the peasantry were a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.
C)the merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets.
D)the Mongol threat from the north and west took priority over seafaring.
E)the Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China's trading partners.

Question 46

Which of the following was not a reason for the slowdown of commercial technology and innovation after Yongle's death?

A)limitation of the mining industry
B)fear of the loss of secrets
C)a religious edict by the conservative traditional elements
D)reactivation of the examination system for recruiting government officials
E)None of these are correct.

Question 47

Cotton was the primary crop in what country?

A)China
B)Japan
C)Choson
D)Champa
E)Dai Vet

Question 48

Which of the following was not an area in which the early Ming Empire stimulated high achievement?

A)literature
B)decorative arts
C)painting
D)whipbuilding
E)All of these are correct.

Question 49

What prevented the Mongols from conquering Japan?

A)The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.
B)The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.
C)A storm prevented them from establishing a base.
D)Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.
E)The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.

Question 50

Kamikaze means

A)suicide.
B)triumphant death.
C)divine wind.
D)honorable death.
E)wisdom of the gods.

Question 51

The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that

A)they were mutually hostile.
B)the Koryo kings were of mostly Mongol descent and royal families became attached and loyal to the Mongols.
C)the Koryo family revolted against the Mongols and expelled them from Korea.
D)the Mongols considered the Koryo family and all Koreans "barbarians."
E)of parents and children, with the Koryo family as the parents.

Question 52

Discuss the fragmentation of Mongol tribes after the death of Genghis Khan. How did religion influence local adherence to Mongol branches?

Question 53

Describe the contributions of Juvaini and Rashid al-Din during the Il-khan period.

Question 54

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
The Mongols seldom outnumbered their enemies, so why were they militarily so successful?

Question 55

The rise of literacy in Korea resulted from the

A)combination of an improved printing system and the han'gul writing system.
B)institution of a university system.
C)spread of woodblock printing from China and the Mongol writing system.
D)imposition of Japanese rule, which forced the formation of public schools.
E)popularity of Islam, which required that all Muslims read the Quran.

Question 56

Who was the admiral who led a series of state voyages on behalf of the Ming Empire?

A)Zheng He
B)Yongle
C)Hongwu
D)Luo Guanzhong
E)None of these is correct.

Question 57

How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?

A)Japanese clans took political control of their regions.
B)Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets.
C)Japanese monks were held hostage.
D)The Japanese military government spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, and training and outfitting their warriors.
E)Japan reinstated direct imperial rule.

Question 58

What military techniques or innovations made the Choson military a formidable defensive force?

A)Cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers
B)Compound bows and chain mail
C)Battering rams and Trojan horses
D)Phalanxes of soldiers deployed by rota
E)The development of poison gas canisters

Question 59

After the Ming withdrawal, Dai Viet consolidated power by conquering

A)Champa.
B)Singapore.
C)Tibet.
D)Korea.
E)Russia.

Question 60

Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are examples of

A)Ming fiction.
B)Ming racehorses.
C)Ming silk tapestry designs.
D)Ming wallpaper.
E)famous Ming sailing vessels.

Question 61

What effects did the Mongols have on traditional Chinese society; and what effects did the fall of the Yuan dynasty have?

Question 62

Discuss the effects of Mongol domination on Russia with emphasis on how it shaped Russia's economic and political development.

Question 63

In what ways did the Mongols affect Korea? Did Korea adapt and shape the Eurasian knowledge imported by the Mongols? Be sure to include the role of Korean printing.

Question 64

Assess the impact of Ming government policy on technological innovation.

Question 65

Describe in detail the knowledge and skills that the Mongol Empire spread across Eurasia. How did the Mongols integrate different cultural and intellectual traditions?

Question 66

What was the birth name of Chinggis Khan?

Question 67

Describe the important aspects of why the Mongols were not able to conquer the Japanese.