Deck 32: The End of the Cold War and the Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration

Question 1

One of the reasons for the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war was

A)Saddam Husain's fear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq's Shi'ites to rebellion.
B)U.S. pressure on Iraq to invade Iran.
C)Khomeini's desire to gain control of Iraq's oil industry.
D)regional instability as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
E)Saddam Husain's desire to spark an Islamic revolution in Iran.

Answer 1

Saddam Husain's fear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq's Shi'ites to rebellion.

Question 2

Which U.S. president covertly used Israel to transfer arms to Iran in order to gain the release of American hostages in Lebanon and finance war against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua?

A)Jimmy Carter
B)Ronald Reagan
C)George H. W. Bush
D)George W. Bush
E)Barack Obama

Answer 2

Ronald Reagan

Question 3

Self-published underground writings that criticized the Soviet government were called

A)samizdat.
B)Solzhenitzyn.
C)glasnost.
D)perestroika.
E)gulags.

Answer 3

samizdat.

Question 4

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented

A)a communist regime.
B)a pro-American (but anti-Carter)policy.
C)a nationalization of the oil industry, gaining the enmity of the UAE and OPEC participants.
D)persecution of all non-Shi'ites.
E)a parliamentary republic with strict control by religious officials.

Question 5

Who was the last Shah of Iran?

A)Muhammad Reza Pahlavi
B)Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
C)Saddam Husain
D)Osama bin Laden
E)None of these are correct.

Question 6

The Sandinistas overthrew the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza in what country?

A)El Salvador
B)Cuba
C)Nicaragua
D)Bolivia
E)cuba

Question 7

Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" with Afghanistan in the 1980s?

A)The United States
B)Iran
C)France
D)Iraq
E)The USSR

Question 8

The United States undermined and ultimately helped overthrow which democratically elected socialist leader in Chile?

A)Joao Goulart
B)Salvador Allende
C)Augusto Pinochet
D)Juan Peron
E)None of these are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the "Asian Tigers"?

A)Taiwan
B)South Korea
C)Hong Kong
D)Singapore
E)All of these are correct.

Question 10

The first Latin American nation to experience conservative reaction to the Cuban revolution by the army overthrowing their constitutional government in 1964 was

A)Argentina.
B)Peru.
C)Brazil.
D)Venezuela.
E)Uruguay.

Question 11

The "Brazilian Solution" refers to

A)the rapid population expansion in Latin American nations.
B)Amerindian genocide.
C)the combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialization.
D)a chemical spray used to destroy the rainforest.
E)the development of a defense against nuclear attack.

Question 12

The policy of restructuring called perestroika in the Soviet Union was authorized by

A)Mikhail Gorbachev.
B)Leonid Breshnev.
C)Josef Stalin.
D)Boris Yeltsin.
E)None of the above.

Question 13

The "Dirty War" fought between the military and leftist groups was in

A)Chile.
B)Brazil.
C)Nicaragua.
D)Panama.
E)Argentina.

Question 14

Where did the Chinese government brutally crack down on 1989 protests, killing hundreds and jailing thousands?

A)Berlin Wall
B)Hong Kong
C)Singapore
D)Tiananmen Square
E)Great Wall

Question 15

Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China

A)experienced economic growth due to the freeing of industries from the state-run system.
B)restricted foreign investment for the first time since 1949.
C)endorsed the first Clean Air and Clean Water Act in the world.
D)experienced a backward slide into doctrinaire communism.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 16

The keiretsu were

A)a consortium of business networks in telecommunications.
B)an alliance of corporations and banks that ruled the Japanese economy.
C)a neo-liberal business conglomerate in the Japanese auto industry.
D)Japanese "new money" men.
E)philosopher-industrialists.

Question 17

The Nicaraguan counter-revolutionaries funded by the Reagan administration were known as the

A)Sandinistas.
B)Peronistas.
C)FMLN.
D)contras.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 18

Crucial to the success of the Japanese economy in the 1970s and 1980s was

A)participation in the European Common Market.
B)speculation in American real estate.
C)tariffs and import regulations restricting foreign competition.
D)breaking up the zaibatsu
E)achieving trade relations with China.

Question 19

Which U.S. president worked to reestablish Panamanian sovereignty over the U.S. built and controlled Canal Zone?

A)Ronald Reagan
B)Jimmy Carter
C)Gerald Ford
D)George Bush
E)Bill Clinton

Question 20

Neo-liberalism in Latin America eroded due to

A)free democratic reform elections in Latin America after deposing the dictatorships such as Pinochet's.
B)an emphasis on central control of the economy by the state.
C)deregulation of the oil industry.
D)shifting the emphasis of the economy in Latin America to cash crops.
E)political scandals and a slowing world economy.

Question 21

By the 1960s, developed countries decreased the rate of mortality and had made the "demographic transition" toward

A)decreased life expectancy.
B)increased mortality rates.
C)lowered fertility rates.
D)rapid population growth.
E)embraced euthanasia.

Question 22

Ethnic cleansing killed 750,000 Africans in 1994 in

A)Kenya.
B)South Africa.
C)Nigeria.
D)Rwanda.
E)Zaire.

Question 23

After the fall of the Soviet Union, a morass of separatism and warring and ethnic and religious groups undermined the Balkan nation of

A)Czechoslovakia.
B)Greece.
C)Yugoslavia.
D)Bulgaria.
E)Estonia.

Question 24

In 2025, the world's largest city will be

A)Tokyo
B)Delhi
C)Mexico City
D)New York
E)Manilla

Question 25

Solidarity was

A)a labor union of Polish shipyard workers.
B)supported by the Catholic Church in Poland.
C)a union that caused the Polish government to impose martial law.
D)a potent force with nationally recognized leaders.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 26

Which two countries have the largest and second largest populations constituting approximately one-third of the world's population?

A)The United States and Mexico
B)The United States and Canada
C)Egypt and Syria
D)Nigeria and Kenya
E)China and India

Question 27

Internal migration in developing nations has increased threefold between 1925 and 1950 and then the pace accelerated from there resulting in

A)migrants enjoying a better life in the cities.
B)the destruction of the nuclear family.
C)the return of the migrants to their former homes.
D)migrants being generally less economically well-off.
E)migrants facing "class warfare" when they took jobs from city dwellers.

Question 28

Which of the following is generally associated with the low birthrates of older industrial nations?

A)modern consumer culture
B)higher levels of women's employment and education
C)access to contraception and abortion
D)women deferring marriage and children until they have established careers
E)All of these are correct.

Question 29

World population between 1950 and 2000

A)more than doubled.
B)declined.
C)tripled.
D)increased tenfold.
E)stayed the same.

Question 30

Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they

A)normally returned home after only a few months.
B)vote for conservative candidates in general elections.
C)were expelled from most European countries in the late 1990s.
D)face anti-immigrant discrimination and resentment.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 31

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world's population

A)is disinterested in consumer goods.
B)remains in poverty.
C)views education as only a "necessary evil."
D)owns some shares of stock.
E)All of these

Question 32

The Soviet Union was dissolved in

A)1991.
B)1985.
C)1979.
D)1994.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 33

Following the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany was united with West Germany in

A)1975.
B)1980.
C)1985.
D)1990.
E)1998.

Question 34

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that

A)a healthy economy would reduce the population.
B)a poor economy would drive people back to the land.
C)population growth would promote economic gains.
D)population growth would outstrip food production.
E)maximum population growth is part of God's beneficial design.

Question 35

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

A)racism
B)mercantilism
C)nationalism
D)capitalism
E)pacifism

Question 36

Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia was principally committed by

A)Orthodox Serbs.
B)Ottoman Turks.
C)Croatian Catholics.
D)Kosovan Muslims.
E)Macedonian Greeks.

Question 37

The botched 1991 hard-line Communist coup against Gorbachev made whom the most powerful person in the country?

A)Boris Yeltsin
B)Lech Walesa
C)Mikhail Gorbachev
D)Vladimir Putin
E)All of these are correct.

Question 38

What country for many years sought to limit parents to a single child?

A)Mexico
B)United States
C)China
D)Japan
E)Nigeria

Question 39

The playwright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was

A)Nicolae Ceausescu.
B)Vaclav Havel.
C)Lech Walesa.
D)Petr Andropov.
E)Andrei Sakharov.

Question 40

What continent has the most number of countries with the highest HIV-AIDS rates?

A)South America
B)North America
C)Asia
D)Africa
E)Europe

Question 41

What part did technological innovation play in the economic expansion after World War II? What is the role of the transnational corporation on the dissemination of technology?

Question 42

In the years since World War II, how have economic development and population growth altered world migration patterns?

Question 43

In the developing world since the 1990s, which factors were the most difficult obstacles to effective environmental policies?

A)increased population pressures
B)weak governments
C)rapid industrial growth
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 44

Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to

A)perceived labor competition in the host country.
B)illegal activity among immigrant groups.
C)an ethnically derived sense of nationality.
D)expanding economic opportunity.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
What conditions led to the end of the Cold War and the breaking up of the USSR?

Question 46

The United States originally supported Saddam Husain because he had attacked .

Question 47

Efforts to preserve the environment include

A)the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
B)promoting the use of solar and wind power.
C)manufacturing fuel-efficient cars.
D)recycling efforts.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 48

The most successful emulator of the Japanese economic model of development in the 1970s and 1980s was .

Question 49

The most influential technology of the last four decades has been

A)the computer.
B)nuclear energy.
C)industrial robots.
D)jet airplane transportation.
E)the combustion engine.

Question 50

As Western economies recovered from World War II, most

A)new technologies increased labor requirements.
B)consumers sought new goods to purchase.
C)people wanted to stop government spending on the production of weapons.
D)industries resisted applying new technologies.
E)governments insisted on "balanced budget" amendments.

Question 51

The primary agent of technological change in the twentieth century is the

A)small businessman.
B)transnational corporation.
C)government.
D)university.
E)research laboratory.

Question 52

Discuss global population growth since World War II, and compare the impact of population growth in developing and industrialized nations since World War II.

Question 53

How did American and Soviet imperialism in the Middle East lead to Islamic revolutions in Iran and Afghanistan? How did they become highly publicized examples of the frustrations of the United States and the Soviet Union?

Question 54

Which of the following is true about technological innovation after World War II?

A)It gave rise to an economic expansion and increased productivity.
B)It changed the way people lived, worked, and played.
C)It increased the power of industrialized nations relative to the developing world.
D)It intensified environmental destruction.
E)All of the above

Question 55

What factors have contributed to the globalization of fast food?

A)later marriage ages in modern industrial societies
B)busy schedules mean less family meals
C)increased immigration and travel.
D)greater cultural promotion in various media
E)All of these are correct.

Question 56

Who are the Asian Tigers and what explains their economic success?

Question 57

The sole communist leader of Eastern Europe who refused to accept change was .

Question 58

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new sources of conflict became immediately evident in the Middle East. Describe the first conflict after the end of the Cold War in the Middle East, and explain the events that led up to it and resolved it.

Question 59

What has created environmental threats in the post-World World II years and what has challenged the international community's ability to respond to these threats?

Question 60

Conflicts between competing factions in which rival superpowers provided support were known as .

Question 61

Describe how the superpower rivalry during the last two decades of the Cold War resulted in proxy wars.