Deck 7: Jails: Detention and Short Term Incarceration

Question 1

The most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem of AIDS and HIV.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most judges attempt to set high bail amounts for defendants to ensure they stay locked up until trial, regardless of their offense.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most jails in the United States have viable rehabilitative programs, and many have professionally trained personnel to deal with the mental health needs of offenders.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

By far the most successful alternative approach to bail is being released on one's own recognizance.

Question 5

Most jails in the United States hold fewer than 50 people.

Question 6

To avoid the problems that result from using bail, some jurisdictions have increased their use of citations.

Question 7

According to your authors, for those who do jail time, the process is the punishment.

Question 8

Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court.

Question 9

The constant threat of civil litigation has forced jail administrators to develop and implement basic humane practices for managing offenders.

Question 10

According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was:

A) ​warehousing the surplus population of immigrants.
B) detention of those sentenced by the court.
C) ​to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials.
D) ​to inflict short-term punishment (e.g., corporal punishment) on the offender.

Question 11

One of the problems for pretrial detainees is their physical appearance when they attend court.

Question 12

At present, most U.S. jails are in good financial and physical shape; in fact, many offer better treatment and programs than most U.S. prisons.

Question 13

Out of all of the major components of corrections, jails and the issues surrounding their function and operation tend to be the most widely studied by academics.

Question 14

Pretrial detainees comprise a large percentage of the U.S. jail population.

Question 15

Ninety percent of all jail inmates are considered indigent and cannot afford counsel.

Question 16

Overall, jail population sizes tend to be:

A) ​stable.
B) ​small.
C) ​variable.
D) ​constant.

Question 17

Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail?

A) ​The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials.
B) ​Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail.
C) ​Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help volunteers.
D) ​All of these are experienced by local jails.

Question 18

Jails are the entryway to corrections.

Question 19

One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically related to overcrowding.

Question 20

The average delay between arrest and sentencing is more than six months for inmates.

Question 21

In the 1800s jails began to change in response to:

A) ​the penitentiary movement.
B) ​the king's wishes.
C) ​capitalism.
D) ​overcrowding.

Question 22

According to your text, jail suicides are primarily caused by:

A) ​the limited personal space provided in jail facilities.
B) ​the crisis nature of arrest and detention.
C) ​emotional instability, which is exacerbated by the jail experience.
D) ​both the crisis nature of arrest and detention and emotional instability.

Question 23

A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each prisoner held per day is:

A) ​a welfare system.
B) ​a fixed rate system.
C) ​a fee system.
D) ​a provider system.

Question 24

At least people are detained in a jail at some time during the year.

A) ​2 to 3 million
B) ​4 to 6 million
C) ​4 to 6 million
D) ​10 million

Question 25

are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices.

A) ​Prisons
B) ​Bail processes
C) ​Probation
D) ​Jails

Question 26

Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor of pretrial diversion?

A) ​Many offenders cannot be effectively dealt with by the formal criminal justice system.
B) ​It is much more humane than traditional criminal justice services.
C) ​It does not promote a long-term "label" on offenders like most criminal justice activities.
D) ​It is much cheaper than criminal justice processing.

Question 27

Which statement is NOT an argument made against the practice of preventive detention?

A) ​It may violate the due process provisions of the Constitution.
B) ​It is typically employed only against property offenders.
C) ​It is impractical and can be potentially nefarious.
D) ​It is difficult to identify those individuals for whom this concept would most aptly apply.

Question 28

More than half of all jail occupants are:

A) ​female.
B) ​violent offenders.
C) ​awaiting trial.
D) ​not guilty.

Question 29

The United States has just over jails.

A) ​1,500
B) ​2,800
C) ​4,200
D) 1,000

Question 30

Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly:

A) ​rehabilitative.
B) ​reintegrative.
C) ​reinforced.
D) ​shaming.

Question 31

Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of:

A) ​an increase of youthful male offenders.
B) ​overcrowding.
C) ​lax correctional supervision.
D) ​inappropriate sexuality behind bars.

Question 32

According to the authors, which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators?

A) ​quality of prisoner nutrition
B) ​quality of recreational programs for offenders
C) ​legal liability
D) ​all of these

Question 33

Jails are the the formal correctional system.

A) ​the most valued part of
B) ​exitway from
C) ​least expensive part of
D) ​entry point into

Question 34

Recently, there has been a major emphasis on programs to offenders awaiting trial.

A) ​treat
B) ​convict
C) ​sentence
D) ​release

Question 35

The jail rate is highest in the:

A) ​East and South.
B) ​West and South.
C) ​West and North.
D) ​East and North.

Question 36

Jails are administered by:

A) ​their state's governor.
B) ​the federal government.
C) ​locally elected officials.
D) ​the Department of Justice.

Question 37

A common strategy in dealing with offenders with substance dependency problems is:

A) ​alcohol detoxification within the jail setting.
B) ​placement in a methadone maintenance program.
C) ​a steady program of withdrawal within the jail setting.
D) ​release to an addiction treatment facility.

Question 38

Local correctional workers are:

A) ​overeducated.
B) ​paid above average for the criminal justice system.
C) ​poorly trained.
D) ​mostly doing clerical work.

Question 39

Almost 60 percent of America's jails prisoners for at least some of the medical care they receive.

A) ​punish
B) ​charge
C) ​turn away
D) ​reprimand

Question 40

By far the most successful pretrial release program is:

A) ​unsecured bail.
B) ​percentage bail.
C) ​forfeit bail.
D) ​release on recognizance (ROR).

Question 41

The ________________ model refers to an innovative jail model that promotes a sense of community among staff and inmates alike and centers upon rehabilitation.

A) ​restorative
B) ​community
C) ​therapeutic
D) ​reintegrative

Question 42

Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are:

A) ​indigent.
B) ​middle-class.
C) ​elderly.
D) ​female.

Question 43

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Prevention detention

Question 44

Nearly _______________ of all jail inmates have a history of mental problems.

A) ​one-half
B) ​one-quarter
C) one-fifth
D) ​two-thirds

Question 45

Half of all people placed in jail were under the influence of or at the time of arrest.

Question 46

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Direct supervision

Question 47

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Bail

Question 48

One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for:

A) ​Latinos.
B) ​blacks.
C) ​blacks
D) ​children.

Question 49

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Pretrial diversion

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population?

A) ​employed
B) ​poor
C) ​young
D) ​black

Question 51

According to your authors, which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today?

A) ​worst paid
B) ​poorly trained
C) ​prior criminal history
D) ​least educated

Question 52

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Therapeutic justice

Question 53

A majority of inmates are under 35 years old, white, low income, and .

Question 54

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Electronic monitoring

Question 55

Three-quarters of all jails are operated by an elected official known as a .

Question 56

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Fee system

Question 57

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Bondsman

Question 58

Who is less likely to be released on their recognizance?

A) ​African Americans
B) ​European nationals
C) ​Latinos
D) ​Whites

Question 59

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Day reporting center

Question 60

Numeric Response
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b.Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c.Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d.Supervision under home confinement
e.Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f.Person who provides bail money for a fee
g.Rehabilitative jail experience
h.Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i.Funded per prisoner per day
j.Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Lockup

Question 61

Jails in the United States descend directly from the country of ________________.

Question 62

Discuss the concept of preventive detention. Why would your state practice this method and what are its intended benefits? What are the possible negative effects if a state opts not to incorporate preventive detention? In your opinion, do the potential risks of not incorporating it outweigh the benefits?

Question 63

In your own words, describe the typical demographic profile of a jail inmate found in the United States today. What are the implications for this typical group found within U.S. jails? What does this say about our current justice system?

Question 64

The period after arrest and detention is when most inmates commit suicide.

Question 65

The primary personnel problem facing jail administrators is probably a combination of and poor working conditions.

Question 66

_______________ refers to a facility with a podular architectural design and management policies that emphasize interaction with inmates and staff and provision services.

Question 67

defendants often have higher appearance rates than those freed through bail.

Question 68

______________ refers to a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly rehabilitative.

Question 69

______________ refers to a facility often referred to as a "drunk tank" that is authorized to hold people prior to court appearances and are usually managed by local municipal police agencies.

Question 70

When a program increases the scope of corrections, it is said to be .

Question 71

Discuss the three major issues within jail management. Next, propose a viable solution to each individual issue. What would be the potential downside of your solution (if any)? Be sure to fully explain.

Question 72

Roughly one-quarter of the occupants in U.S. jails are detainees.

Question 73

Detaining the accused in jail to protect the community from possible future crimes by the accused pending trial is known as .

Question 74

What is pretrial diversion? List and explain the three main reasons why it tends to be supported as a practice. What do critics counter? Should pretrial diversion be used more or less frequently? Be sure to fully defend your answer.

Question 75

_______________ refers to a facility operated under joint agreement between two or more government units.

Question 76

Eighty percent of the jails in the United States are operated at the level.

Question 77

Discuss the differences between day reporting centers and electronic monitoring. What types of offenders should be assigned to these facilities versus electronic monitoring, and what are the positive/negative aspects of these types of monitoring?

Question 78

_________________ refers to a jail system in which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid each day by prisoners who are being held.