Deck 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations.

Question 1

Which of the following is not a key issue in understanding the police subculture?​

A) ​Working personality
B) ​Police morality
C) ​Isolation of the police
D) ​Acceptance of independent actions by other officers

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Operational units in a police department include which of the following?

A) ​Investigation
B) ​Traffic
C) ​Patrol
D) ​All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a consequence of the policy of differential response?

A) ​Less detailed information is received from callers.
B) ​Callers are uncertain about when to expect a response.
C) ​Police resources are conserved.
D) ​Patrol officers know less about a case when they respond.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called

A) ​incident-driven policing.
B) ​clearance rate.
C) ​differential response.
D) ​line functions.

Question 5

Which of the following must recruits pass to become a police officer?

A) ​Psychological tests
B) ​Background check
C) ​Fitness test
D) ​All of the above

Question 6

The extent to which departments create specialized units depends on the

A) ​preferences of the police chief.
B) ​attitudes of the public toward the police.
C) ​attitudes of the news media toward the public.
D) ​all of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the changing profile of a police officer?​

A) ​Most police officers are racial or ethnic minorities.
B) ​Today almost 1 in 2 officers is female.
C) ​The percentage of female officers has not changed since the 1970s.
D) ​The percentage of female officers has doubled since the 1970s, but females still only comprise about 12% of all officers.

Question 8

When calls for service are the main instigators of police action,this is called ________ policing.

A) ​clearance-rate
B) ​incident-driven
C) ​proactive
D) ​preventive

Question 9

Which is of the following is true regarding the measurement of positive police productivity?​

A) ​The clearance rate is the most effective measure.
B) ​The crime rate is the most effective measure.
C) ​The clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture.
D) ​The clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?​

A) ​Responding to citizen calls for service
B) ​Using a stakeout in victimless crimes
C) ​Responding to citizens who approach an officer
D) ​Responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled

Question 11

During day-to day-encounters with police officers,citizens respond most positively to which officer characteristic?​

A) ​Badge
B) ​Gun
C) ​Demeanor
D) ​Nightstick

Question 12

A set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to a work situation and environmental influences is called the ________ personality.

A) ​authoritative
B) ​policeman's
C) ​socialization
D) ​subculture

Question 13

A system that assigns priorities to various calls for service is called​

A) ​incident-driven policing.
B) ​clearance rate.
C) differential response.​
D) ​line functions.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of women in the police force?

A) ​Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1800s.
B) ​The smaller the police department, the higher the proportion of women as sworn officers.
C) ​Women face no prejudice today in police work.
D) ​Women remain a minority in most police departments, and face a variety of challenges.

Question 15

Most police work is reactive,which means police​

A) ​respond to citizen calls for service.
B) ​initiate actions in the absence of citizen requests.
C) ​operate according to "hunches."
D) ​stop crime before it happens.

Question 16

The process in which members learn the symbols,beliefs,and values of a group is called​

A) ​working personality.
B) ​spiritualization.
C) ​socialization.
D) ​isolation.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to the job of law enforcement officer?​

A) ​Training is required.
B) Pay scales are high.​
C) ​Physical fitness standards must be met.
D) ​Recruits must lack a criminal record.

Question 18

Which two elements of police work define the working personality?​

A) ​Danger and authority
B) ​Danger and isolation
C) ​Danger and independence
D) ​Authority and isolation

Question 19

When a group shares symbols,beliefs,and attitudes,this is referred to as​

A) ​a subculture.
B) ​a subcommunity.
C) ​a suboccupation.
D) ​subprofessionals.

Question 20

On average,how many types of difficult situations are patrol officers expected to handle per week?​

A) ​None
B) ​One
C) ​Two
D) ​Three

Question 21

Which type of police officers account for two-thirds of all sworn officers?

A) ​Detective
B) ​Traffic
C) ​Juvenile
D) ​Patrol

Question 22

The two most important elements of the police working personality are ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 23

Preventive patrol emphasizes

A) ​large numbers of arrests to control crime.
B) ​responding to 911 calls.
C) ​making police presence known.
D) ​fixing "broken windows."

Question 24

The ____________________ is the percentage of crimes known to police that have been solved through an arrest.

Question 25

Police functions that directly involve field operations such as patrol and investigation are called _____ functions.

A) ​line
B) staff​
C) ​sworn
D) ​preventive

Question 26

Which of the following is a vice offense?​

A) ​Assault
B) ​Traffic violation
C) ​Arson
D) ​Prostitution

Question 27

Generally,police patrol duties in a democracy are organized to be ____________________.

Question 28

Which police unit identifies,apprehends,and collects evidence against lawbreakers?​

A) ​Traffic
B) ​Investigation
C) ​Media relations
D) ​Administrative

Question 29

When police prioritize calls,this is called ____________________.

Question 30

One important component of community policing is

A) ​reactive policing.
B) ​fast 911 response time.
C) ​problem solving.
D) ​crime control.

Question 31

Learning informal practices as well as formal rules is the process of ____________________.

Question 32

According to your text,research conducted on large police departments found that a key factor in solving crimes was​

A) ​identification of the perpetrator by the victim or witnesses.
B) ​police arriving at the scene of the crime in less than a minute.
C) ​the intelligence of the police officers.
D) ​the size of the police force.

Question 33

The real threats on the job are called ____________________ stresses.

Question 34

The first ____________________ police officer was hired in Portland,Oregon,in 1905.

Question 35

A police officer's ____________________ is a complex set of emotional and behavioral characteristics.

Question 36

____________________ stress is produced by the paramilitary character of police forces.

Question 37

____________________ is a subdivision of a national culture defined by occupation,ethnicity,class,and residence.

Question 38

Which of the following programs attempts to control crime through the collection of crime statistics and meetings to enforce accountability?

A) ​Uniform Crime Reports
B) ​National Incident-Based Reporting System
C) ​Compstat
D) CSI​

Question 39

Traffic regulation is a ____ job of the police.

A) ​minor
B) ​major
C) ​dangerous
D) ​rare

Question 40

What conclusions would you make from the chart below?​

A) ​The probability of arrest is highest 10 minutes after a crime.
B) ​The probability of arrest is highest 14 minutes after a crime.
C) ​The probability of arrest is highest 2 minutes after a crime.
D) ​The probability of arrest is highest while the crime is in progress.

Question 41

Police officers are expected to obey rules and respect superiors.

Question 42

____________________ assigns resources so as to obtain the largest number of arrests.

Question 43

Police rarely perceive the public as hostile.

Question 44

____________________ and ____________________ are the two largest and most important units in a police department.

Question 45

Even today,research indicates that women may be subject to more sexual harassment as police officers than their male counterparts.

Question 46

The different types of patrol are foot,bicycle,and ____________________ patrol.

Question 47

Today,about 1 in 5 officers is a racial or ethnic minority group member.

Question 48

Every department has the same number of vice and juvenile units.

Question 49

Police are mainly reactive when they are dependenton citizen calls reporting criminal activity.

Question 50

The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they encounter.

Question 51

Today,police officers have more formal education than their predecessors.

Question 52

New communications technology within police departments has tended to fragment decision making.

Question 53

Police officers rarely feel isolated from the public.

Question 54

An occupational environment affects the way a person interprets reality.

Question 55

The police officer's job does not demand skills in dealing with people.

Question 56

Geographic concentrations of crime are called ____________________.

Question 57

Quantifying police work is relatively easy.

Question 58

Police departments have not responded adequately in addressing the issue of stress.

Question 59

Police officers only need formal training to understand the aspects of their job.

Question 60

Enforcement of vice laws depends on ____________________ police work.

Question 61

According to research on policing,officers have a significant amount of discretionary time during their shifts.If you were a police administrator,how might you attempt to keep your officers accountable for their time? What style of policing would you promote to reflect your style?

Question 62

The _________ raised questions about whether and how police patrol impacts crime and crime rates.Thus police departments have tried various means to use patrol in order to provide service,maintain order,and achieve improvements in crime prevention and crime control.

A) ​Charlotte experiment
B) ​Oakland experiment
C) ​New York City experiment
D) ​Kansas City experiment

Question 63

Police components that directly perform field operations and carry out the basic functions of patrol,investigation,traffic,vice,juvenile,and are _________ functions.

A) ​line
B) ​patrol
C) ​sworn
D) ​preventative

Question 64

From the perspective of police officer roles and performance in fighting crime,what does the term "intelligence" mean? How have there been improvements in this area?

Question 65

The presence of a patrol officer in a community can be a major factor in reducing crime.

Question 66

Forensic analysis of hair,semen,and blood can only be used to determine guilt; these findings cannot be used to establish the innocence of incarcerated people.

Question 67

Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture.Which of the following is not a dilemma that officers must overcome?​

A) ​The contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers' inability to do so
B) ​The fact that officers must use their discretion to "handle" situations in ways that do not strictly follow procedures
C) ​The fact that what is right is not always legal
D) ​The fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen's interest, often with recourse to coercive force that can maim or kill

Question 68

Police departments use several methods to measure police productivity.In light of the shift to community policing (and away from punitive crime control),can measures such as arrests and traffic stops still be used to gauge police productivity? In your answer,suggest alternative measures if appropriate.

Question 69

The community policing philosophy does not include community residents in decision making.

Question 70

Which of the following is an influential theory about increases in fear and crime within neighborhoods when there is insufficient police attention to seemingly minor public order offenses such as vandalism,loitering,aggressive panhandling,and prostitution?

A) ​Learning theory
B) ​Broken windows theory
C) ​Differential learning association
D) ​Social control theory

Question 71

What explanations address why there are fewer female officers in most police departments? Should there be efforts to change this? Why or why not?

Question 72

How does isolation help to define the police officer's working personality?

Question 73

How does the use of technology within the community benefit both the community and police departments in combating crime?

Question 74

Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.

Question 75

Different departments allocate their officers in different ways-some departments have more officers on patrol than others,and some departments (such as in Houston,TX)stress criminal investigation.What factors might affect these different distributions?

Question 76

All police departments have equipment to perform DNA analysis.

Question 77

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the SARA strategy for problem solving?

A) ​Scanning the social environment to identify problems
B) ​Analysis of the problem by collecting information
C) ​Response to the problem by developing and employing remedies
D) ​Assessment of the solutions to make addition recommendations

Question 78

Police help maintain order by enforcing traffic laws.

Question 79

Most police patrol units have two officers.

Question 80

How do budget cuts on law enforcement agencies have an impact on the role of police in the community?