Deck 17: Juvenile Justice.

Question 1

In its original,underlying philosophy,the juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of the​

A) ​parents.
B) ​police.
C) ​family.
D) ​child.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate?​

A) ​The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law.
B) ​The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law.
C) ​The offenses committed by juveniles are equal in terms of violations of federal and state laws.
D) ​None of the above is accurate.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is true about the due process rights of juveniles?​

A) ​Juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
B) ​Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
C) ​Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights.
D) ​Juveniles only have some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults,such as cigarette smoking or truancy,are called _____ in the juvenile justice context.

A) ​judicial waiver
B) ​parens patriae
C) ​In re Gault
D) ​status offenses

Question 5

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with​

A) ​servicing the community.
B) ​preventing crime.
C) ​maintaining order.
D) ​arresting drug offenders.

Question 6

Under common law,children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of​

A) ​3.
B) ​5.
C) ​7.
D) ​10.

Question 7

In England,the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called​

A) ​judicial waiver.
B) ​parens patriae.
C) ​In re Gault.
D) ​status offense.

Question 8

Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the U.S.Supreme Court's decision of Breed v.Jones (1975)?​

A) ​Right to trial by jury
B) ​Right to an attorney
C) ​Right against unreasonable search and seizure
D) ​Privilege against self-incrimination

Question 9

What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?​

A) ​10
B) ​12
C) ​13
D) ​14

Question 10

What U.S.Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers?​

A) ​New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
B) ​Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
C) ​Schall v. Martin (1984)
D) ​In re Gault (1967)

Question 11

In Kent v.United States and In re Gault,the U.S.Supreme Court extended due process rights to children.In what decade were these decisions handed down by the Court?​

A) ​1860s
B) ​1930s
C) ​1960s
D) ​1980s

Question 12

The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called​

A) ​dependent child.
B) ​disposition.
C) ​diversion.
D) ​probation.

Question 13

What does the acronym "CRIPS" mean?​

A) ​Children Ready in the Population Society
B) ​Criminals Ready in the Post-Modern Society
C) ​Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely
D) ​Community Revolution in Progress

Question 14

Which of the following is not true about juvenile officers?​

A) ​Juvenile officers are selected and trained to relate effectively to youths.
B) ​Juvenile officers are knowledgeable about legal issues.
C) ​Juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders.
D) ​Juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young offenders.

Question 15

Which of the following states does not have a minimum age for juveniles to be transferred to the adult system?​

A) ​Arizona
B) ​Utah
C) ​New Mexico
D) ​Texas

Question 16

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community?​

A) ​In re Gault (1967)
B) ​Schall v. Martin (1984)
C) ​Kent v. United States (1966)
D) ​In re Winship (1970)

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the juvenile violent crime rate today compared with the rate in the mid-1980s?​

A) ​It has become lower and matches it.
B) ​It is much higher than it was.
C) ​It has fluctuated inconsistently.
D) ​None of the above is true.

Question 18

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination?​

A) ​New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
B) ​Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
C) ​Schall v. Martin (1984)
D) ​In re Gault (1967)

Question 19

Throughout the United States,the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies from ________ years of age.

A) ​12 to 14
B) ​14 to 16
C) ​16 to 18
D) ​18 to 20

Question 20

According to a Justice Department survey,what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?​

A) ​Alcohol
B) ​Poor quality of nutrition
C) ​Drugs
D) ​Crime

Question 21

The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with​

A) ​an intake hearing.
B) ​a petition.
C) ​disposition.
D) ​diversion.

Question 22

A(n)____________________ is any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child but is not considered a crime for an adult.

Question 23

A _________ has been determined to receive inadequate care because of some action or inaction on the part of the parents.

A) ​dependent child
B) ​neglected child
C) ​person in need of supervision (PINS)
D) ​delinquent

Question 24

What was the focus of the U.S.Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids are Different" era?​

A) ​Legalization of the juvenile law
B) ​Establishment of separate system for juveniles
C) ​Deinstitutionalization of status offenders
D) ​Elimination of the death penalty for juveniles

Question 25

Consider the information presented in the following chart.How are African American youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?
​

A) ​Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
B) ​Juveniles in residential placement
C) ​Cases judicially waived to criminal court
D) ​Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement

Question 26

Which of the following is not one of the main concepts of juvenile justice?​

A) ​Deinstitutionalization
B) ​Due process
C) ​Diversion
D) ​Detoxification

Question 27

Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as ____________________ crimes.

Question 28

The doctrine of ____________________ means the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect themselves.

Question 29

What was the central purpose of Boston's "Operation Ceasefire"?​

A) ​Eliminating juvenile drug use
B) ​Reducing gang violence
C) ​Helping police clear homicide cases
D) ​Facilitating successful reentry of juvenile offenders

Question 30

The punitive era of juvenile justice (from 1980 to the present)is known as the ____________________ period.

Question 31

____ occurs when a juvenile has his or her case transferred to the adult criminal court system.

A) ​Diversion
B) ​Institutionalization
C) ​Waiver
D) ​Exception

Question 32

The ____________________ period of juvenile justice viewed the offending child as evil.

Question 33

The first reform school opened in 1848 and was called the ____________________ School for Boys.

Question 34

How have the conservative crime control policies that have hit the adult criminal justice system influenced juvenile justice?​

A) ​Caused undercrowding in juvenile institutions
B) ​Increased litigation challenging the abuse of children
C) ​Lowered rates of minority youth incarceration
D) ​All of the above

Question 35

A child who committed an act that if committed by an adult would be criminal is considered a(n)____________________.

Question 36

A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her parent is considered a(n)____________________ child.

Question 37

Juveniles who harass or intimidate other juveniles using cell phones,email,and the Internet are engaging in __________________.

Question 38

The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts ____________________ Law.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true concerning juvenile court?​

A) ​Juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level.
B) ​Juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions.
C) ​Juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values.
D) ​Juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime.

Question 40

Public support for handling delinquent juveniles is strongest for the _______ emphasis.

A) ​rehabilitative
B) ​punitive
C) ​protective
D) ​retributive

Question 41

Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults.

Question 42

The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a reasonable doubt."​

Question 43

In Roper v.Simmons,the U.S.Supreme Court decided that juveniles were less culpable than adults due to developmental and maturity differences.

Question 44

Youth gangs are less of problem today in American cities than they were in the past.

Question 45

The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a court decision is called ____________________.

Question 46

The idea that children should be treated differently than adults originated in the common law and courts of England.

Question 47

In 1979,in the case of ____________________,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that a child may waive his or her right to an attorney and his or her right to remain silent.

Question 48

Only small percentages of juvenile arrests are for homicide.

Question 49

Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.

Question 50

The process of determining whether a juvenile is guilty of a crime is known as _________________.

Question 51

Based on information contained on the companion website,the juvenile system in Norway is identical to that in the United States.

Question 52

Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States.

Question 53

Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a juvenile.

Question 54

The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.

Question 55

The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Question 56

Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way.

Question 57

The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights period.

Question 58

The U.S.Supreme Court ruled in ____________________ that school officials may search a student if reasonable suspicion exists.

Question 59

A(n)____________________ hearing is a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile should be detained or released prior to adjudication.

Question 60

Juveniles and adults have identical kinds of offenses classified as crimes.

Question 61

Based on case law,to what extent should school officials be permitted to conduct strip searches on students?​

Question 62

In theory,juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial.

Question 63

Why have criminologists had difficulty explaining the rise in youth crime that peaked in 1993?​

Question 64

Maria is a 16 year old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case she stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
The judge in Maria's case will determine if she is to be tried in the adult court system.She will due this by issuing a judicial​

A) ​diversion.
B) ​warrant.
C) ​judgement.
D) ​waiver.

Question 65

The terms used to refer to juvenile offenders were changed (from arrest to referral,from sentence to disposition,etc.).Why was this done,and did it do anything to help juveniles?​

Question 66

Based on recent case law,is it appropriate that juveniles cannot receive life sentences without the chance of parole for non-homicide cases?​

Question 67

Unlike regular police officers,juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing offenders.

Question 68

Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses.

Question 69

What is the role of the police in handling juvenile cases? Do police handle juveniles differently than adults?​

Question 70

A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.

Question 71

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.

Question 72

Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts.

Question 73

Only 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent or guardian.

Question 74

The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the late nineteenth century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n)________ in advancing the interest of the child.

A) ​parent
B) ​teacher
C) ​caretaker
D) ​spiritual advisor

Question 75

Many police departments have special juvenile units.

Question 76

If the goal of the juvenile court is to protect juveniles and "act as parent," how might you explain the movement toward punitiveness since the 1980s?​

Question 77

A child's behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency.

Question 78

What new crimes does new technology pose for the juvenile justice system?​

Question 79

A juvenile cannot waive his or her right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination.

Question 80

Under the doctrine of _________,which held the king to be the father of the realm,the chancery courts exercised protective jurisdiction over all children,particularly those involvedin questions of dependency,neglect,and property.

A) ​stubborn child law
B) ​parens patriae
C) ​In re Gault
D) ​In re Winship