Deck 13: Correctional Professionals: Misconduct and Responses

Question 1

Souryal's corruption typology includes all of the following categories except:

A)arbitrary use of power.
B)oppression and failure to demonstrate compassion/caring.
C)mismanagement of prison resources.
D)abusing authority for personal gain.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Souryal refers to acts that violate authority as:

A)acts of malfeasance.
B)acts of nonfeasance.
C)acts of unfeasance.
D)acts of feasance.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Excessive use of force, rape and sexual harassment, theft and destruction of personal property are all examples of which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?

A)malicious or purposeful abuse
B)negligent abuse
C)systemic or budgetary abuse
D)intentional sexual abuse

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Acts of nonfeasance are acts:

A)of omission such as ignoring an inmate's rule violations.
B)that violate authority.
C)performed for personal gain.
D)that break ethical standards only.

Question 5

The person who helped set up the Abu Ghraib prison and had also served as head of the Texas, New Mexico, and Utah prison systems was:

A)Donald Vodicka.
B)Andy Collins.
C)Farhad Monem.
D)Lane McCotter.

Question 6

According to a study cited in the text, correctional managers attribute misconduct to:

A)low pay and poor screening during hiring.
B)unreasonably long shifts.
C)supervisors being required to oversee too many employees.
D)a lack of adequate equipment and supplies.

Question 7

Inadequate medical care and elimination of visits or other programs are all examples of which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?

A)malicious or purposeful abuse
B)negligent abuse
C)systemic or budgetary abuse
D)intentional sexual abuse

Question 8

Which of the following theories of ethical management argues that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management?

A)"trickle down" theory
B)"eye-for-an-eye" theory
C)"payback" theory
D)"hierarchical" theory

Question 9

According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true ?

A)The workforce at most prisons is not organized into unions.
B)Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers.
C)Researchers see unions as being resistant to attempts to discipline officers engaging in misconduct.
D)Unions encourage their members to report instances of misconduct, for the good of the overall workforce.

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the three types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?

A)malicious or purposeful abuse
B)negligent abuse
C)systemic or budgetary abuse
D)intentional sexual abuse

Question 11

Lack of responsiveness and failure to protect are examples of which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?

A)malicious or purposeful abuse
B)negligent abuse
C)systematic or budgetary abuse
D)intentional sexual abuse

Question 12

Which of the following state prison systems is not one of the three largest in the country?

A)Texas
B)Florida
C)California
D)New York

Question 13

Souryal argued that the "civility" of a correctional institution is influenced by all of the following except:

A)the level of education required for hire.
B)the amount of in-service training officers receive.
C)the presence of an engaged news media providing oversight.
D)the presence of a professional association or union.

Question 14

McCarthy and Souryal discuss the major types of corruption by correctional officers and other officials in institutional corrections. These include all of following except:

A)theft.
B)trafficking.
C)embezzlement.
D)fraud. ​

Question 15

Which of the following statements is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Stanford Prison Experiment ?

A)Male guards should not be put in charge of female inmates.
B)The prison environment causes people to act in ways that they would not otherwise.
C)Funding for rehabilitative programs is inadequate.
D)Longer periods of training tend to produce better corrections officers.

Question 16

Souryal refers to illegitimate acts done for personal gain as:

A)acts of malfeasance.
B)acts of nonfeasance.
C)acts of unfeasance.
D)acts of feasance.

Question 17

A group called __________________  was formed at Salinas Valley Prison when inmates who had injured officers in a disturbance were then beaten by the officers in turn.

A)"The Christmas Party"
B)"The Green Wall"
C)"The Wall of Pain"
D)"The Salinas Tribunals" ​

Question 18

According to Souryal, ____________ has both a legal definition ( the use of oppression or extralegal methods), and an ethical definition ( the failure of officers to demonstrate compassion or keep a promise).

A)malfeasance
B)corruption
C)abuse
D)nonfeasance

Question 19

Which of the following statements about restorative justice programs is false?

A)Restorative justice programs may lead to oppositional subcultures.
B)Restorative justice programs may lead to a greater sense of mission for employees.
C)Restorative justice programs are oriented to meeting the needs of victims and offenders.
D)Restorative justice programs may lead to decreased burn out and misconduct among employees.

Question 20

Medical personnel sometimes adopt the  ________________  philosophy of corrections and deprive inmates of services because of a belief that they don't deserve treatment.

A)"penal harm"
B)"green wall"
C)"correctional brick wall"
D)"penal oath"

Question 21

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises.
The conditions described in the complaints constitute a:

A)"trickle-down" abuse.
B)hostile work environment.
C)systemic abuse.
D)misfeasance.

Question 22

The Attorney General has hired you to review inmate complaints emanating from a state prison. Your investigation reveals that a group of six correctional officers is responsible for most of the issues. All six were part of the same training class and began work at the prison together. You are summarizing your findings for the Attorney General.
While investigating the complaints, you noticed that several housing units were empty, while the others were clearly overcrowded. Cells designed for two inmates were occupied by three or four. When you asked the warden about this situation, he explained that it was more cost-effective to double-up the inmates. The empty cells did not require monitoring, cleaning, maintenance, and so on. He did not seem concerned that this policy resulted in undue suffering on the part of the inmates. This situation would be classified as:

A)systemic abuse.
B)"trickle-down" abuse.
C)informal misconduct.
D)negligent abuse.

Question 23

The "_________________ complex" provides jobs and profits to legions of companies and people around the country.

A)for-profit
B)Wal-prison-mart
C)prison-industrial
D)correctional sector

Question 24

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises.
The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that he stands to be fired or demoted if the situation becomes known outside the institution. This would be an application of the  _______________  viewpoint.

A)deontological
B)egoism
C)utilitarian
D)Marxist

Question 25

The idea that the perception of legitimacy of legal authorities comes about when they practice fairness, participation, neutrality, and respect is known as:

A)peacemaking correction s.
B)procedural justice.
C)restorative justice.
D)community corrections.

Question 26

Souryal argued that "integrated thinking" and " __________ agility" were important elements for an ethical climate.

A)mental
B)moral
C)ethical
D)personal ​

Question 27

Examples of restorative justice process include all of the following except:

A)family group counseling.
B)victim-offender mediation.
C)sentencing circles.
D)individual psychological counseling.

Question 28

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant's owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan.
The offender explains to the victim that he didn't consider that there was a person who suffered as a result of his vandalism; to him, it was "just a building," and "the company" would fix whatever damage he did. A restorative solution attempts to achieve all of the following except :

A)stigmatizing the offender so that his shame will deter him from re-offending.
B)leading the offender to understand the harm suffered by the victim.
C)forcing the offender to acknowledge his own responsibility.
D)reducing the offender's sense that punishment for his actions is unfair.

Question 29

The Attorney General has hired you to review inmate complaints emanating from a state prison. Your investigation reveals that a group of six correctional officers is responsible for most of the issues. All six were part of the same training class and began work at the prison together. You are summarizing your findings for the Attorney General.
Several complaints related to the officers' failure to follow up on requests for medical care. There was also one complaint regarding lost mail. Your investigation leads you to believe that these issues were not intentional on the part of the officers; nevertheless, they still get classified as:

A)systemic abuse.
B)"trickle-down" abuse.
C)informal misconduct. ​
D)negligent abuse.

Question 30

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises.
It is possible that this situation developed out of the sight of top administrators at the prison because they are more involved with external matters, such as dealing with the legislature, media, courts, and community. In the text this is referred to as having  _____________ .

A)an external focus
B)conflicting priorities
C)multiple stakeholders
D)an outward orientation

Question 31

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant's owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan.
One criticism of restorative justice suggests that  _____________  offenders may be good for the individual victim but may not be good for the "class of victims" who have yet to be victimized.

A)forgiving
B)incarcerating
C)executing
D)suing

Question 32

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises.
The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that it is ethical to sacrifice the well-being of a few officers to protect the reputation of the entire institution. This would be an application of the  ______________  viewpoint.

A)deontological
B)egoist
C)utilitarian
D)Marxist

Question 33

The Attorney General has hired you to review inmate complaints emanating from a state prison. Your investigation reveals that a group of six correctional officers is responsible for most of the issues. All six were part of the same training class and began work at the prison together. You are summarizing your findings for the Attorney General.
Interviews with the officers revealed a common perception that prison management did not behave ethically and was not concerned about officer safety. The officers indicated that they eventually adopted the attitude that if management was not going to treat them properly, then they were no longer concerned about treating inmates ethically. This situation illustrates:

A)systemic abuse.
B)"trickle-down" abuse.
C)informal misconduct.
D)negligent abuse.

Question 34

Which aspect of penalties found in sentencing circles emphasize the individual's responsibility to the victim and  society?

A)community service
B)apology
C)shaming
D)restitution

Question 35

According to McCarthy, an anti-corruption policy for correctional managers should include all of the following except:

A)improved working conditions.
B)providing good role models in the form of supervisors and administrators.
C)reduced opportunities for corruption.
D)regular lie-detector tests.

Question 36

To improve the ethical climate of an agency, Souryal advocates all except:

A)randomly auditing the job performance of supervisory staff.
B)establishing quality-based supervisory techniques.
C)emphasizing true ethical training.
D)upgrading the quality of personnel.

Question 37

An element of peacemaking corrections that involves looking at what needs to be done with both the heart and the head is called:

A)"care perspective."
B)"feminine eye."
C)"wholesight."
D)"third-eye sight."

Question 38

Wright offers seven principles as a guide for how administrators and supervisors should treat employees. Which of the following is not one of these seven principles?

A)fair treatment
B)due process
C)safety
D)good benefits

Question 39

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant's owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan.
Addressing the personal needs of the offender in this scenario is justified via which ethical system?

A)utilitarianism
B)ethical formalism
C)ethics of care
D)Kantian ethics

Question 40

Both restorative justice and peacemaking corrections are consistent with the ethics of ______________ and might be considered feminine models of justice.

A)care
B)restoration
C)need
D)treatment

Question 41

Researchers found no link between how workers believe they are treated by management and how ethically they behave.

Question 42

Philip Zimbardo's prison experiment took place on the campus of Stanford University.

Question 43

Restorative justice programs are so numerous and diverse that some type of restorative justice program can be utilized for every type of offender .

Question 44

The Supreme Court has decided that inmates must have some sort of due process before a neutral hearing body before having ______________ taken away for disciplinary reasons.

Question 45

A strong anti-corruption policy should include screening of employees using state-of-the-art psychological tools.

Question 46

The scandal at Abu Ghraib had no effect on prison practices in the United States.

Question 47

The "trickle down" theory of ethical management is that correctional officers will treat inmates the way they  perceive they are being treated by management.

Question 48

There is a growing recognition that some misconduct of correctional officers may be due to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Question 49

The Stanford Prison Experiment was stopped far earlier than intended due to safety concerns.

Question 50

The term ____________________  refers to a group of officers in Salinas Valley Prison, California who were implicated in a variety of unethical behaviors.

Question 51

Bomse classified the denial of medical care and the lack of responsiveness as ________________  abuse.

Question 52

Researchers Mesloh, Wolf, and Henych found that the existence of a deviant subculture among correctional officers affects misconduct.

Question 53

"Hostile work environment" has to do with the unions objecting to management treatment of officers.

Question 54

The case of Brown v. Plata resulted in the release of numerous California inmates to relieve overcrowding.

Question 55

Norway's correctional system includes a maximum sentence of incarceration of 40 years.

Question 56

A review by the Denver Post found that "fundamental errors" in supervision were present in 60 percent of the cases involving               supervision.

Question 57

Norway's "normalization principle" refers to a belief that offenders respond best to the message that they are still members of the community.

Question 58

In the 1990s, Corcoran prison guards in California were accused of setting up gladiator-type fights between inmates and encouraging or allowing prisoner rapes.

Question 59

The Milgram experiment was where college students became brutal when they took on the role of correctional officers.

Question 60

The type of abuse inflicted by individual officers intentionally is called _________________  abuse.

Question 61

As described in the text, ___________ provide legal assistance to officers accused of wrongdoing and support officers who, many would argue, should not be working in corrections .

Question 62

Describe and discuss restorative justice and its potential role in dealing with misconduct and corruption in corrections.

Question 63

Discuss the ways that corrections officers' unions impact efforts to curb officer misconduct.

Question 64

List and briefly describe an alternative approach to misconduct and corruption that is not based upon punishment.

Question 65

List and discuss some management practices that have been found to contribute to an ethical workplace.

Question 66

Discuss the elements that contribute to the correctional officer subculture, and show how this subculture impacts officer behavior .

Question 67

A study cited in the text determined that __________________________ was the strongest predictor (in a negative direction)for job stress among corrections officers.

Question 68

Explain how Abu Ghraib can provide us with lessons for managing an ethical prison.

Question 69

Making decisions by examining a problem with both one's head and one's heart is known as _____________________ .

Question 70

Explain the benefits and drawbacks of restorative justice processes such as sentencing circles, considering all parties: the offender, the victim , the corrections official, and the general community.

Question 71

The  _________ helps to create the correctional environment by its endorsement of the subcultural norm that inmates deserve less legal protection than the rest of us .

Question 72

List and briefly discuss/describe at least two of the explanations given by McCarthy and Souryal for the misconduct of correctional officers.

Question 73

Restorative justice programs have the potential to lead to a greater sense of mission for correctional professionals and therefore decrease _____________ and misconduct.

Question 74

Discuss the findings of Zimbardo's prison experiment and the implications concerning the potential behavior of correctional officers.

Question 75

PTSD, which has been cited as a possible cause of misconduct among some officers, is an acronym for Post-Traumatic  _____________________ .

Question 76

The book Marie by Peter Maas was about a Tennessee scheme involving the sale of _________ to convicts.

Question 77

Peacemaking corrections may be considered a feminine model of justice because the focus is not on retribution but rather on ___________.

Question 78

A type of sexual harassment where sexual innuendos or joking makes the workplace so uncomfortable that the employee perceives it as harmful is referred to as a(n)____________________ .

Question 79

Discuss the three types of prisoner abuse that Bomse identified, and provide an example of each.

Question 80

The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America found that U.S. prisons suffer from a culture of ________________ and a lack of positive treatment goals.