Deck 5: The Police Role in Society: Crime Fighter or Public Servant

Question 1

The concepts of community policing, problem-oriented policing, and accountability mechanisms are components of which model of policing?

A)Preventive policing
B)Reactive policing
C)Traditional policing
D)Intelligence-led policing

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Packer, which of the following is one of the principles under which the due process model operates?

A)Protection of the process is as important as protection of citizens.
B)Efficiency in casework is a top priority.
C)There is a presumption of guilt.
D)Emphasis is on speed and finality.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

______________ is different from the other three means of control in that it is physical.

A)Force
B)Authority
C)Argument
D)Persuasion

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A model of law enforcement that addresses underlying problems rather than simply enforcing the law is referred to as:

A)crime control policing.
B)reactive policing.
C)traditional policing.
D)community policing.

Question 5

In relation to community policing and ethics, all of the following is true except:

A)community policing ethical issues arise from the closer relationships formed with community members.
B)community-policing models often foster more corruption than traditional law enforcement models.
C)community policing reduces cynicism and burnout among police officers, which may reduce corruption.
D)community policing may increase the potential for gratuities.

Question 6

The unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling specific role is known as:

A)persuasion.
B)force.
C)authority.
D)duty.

Question 7

Which is cited by the authors as a type of crime that officers frequently respond to and which mandatory arrest policies have been applied to since the 1980s?

A)Domestic violence
B)Rape
C)arson
D)Drug use

Question 8

What is a criticism of the crime control method of policing?

A)It is too soft on crime.
B)It overvalues finality.
C)There is a possibility of error.
D)The emphasis is on process of justice, not innocent people.

Question 9

_______ is the responsibilities that are attached to a specific role.

A)Discretion
B)Power
C)Duty
D)Service

Question 10

What is persuasion?

A)The right inherent in certain roles to use any means to overcome resistance.
B)The use of signs, symbols, words, and arguments to induce compliance.
C)The use of force and coercion to get one's way.
D)The unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role.

Question 11

According to an ACLU study, 79 percent of SWAT team deployments were for:

A)executing a search warrant.
B)active shooter scenarios.
C)active hostage scenarios.
D)barricade scenarios.

Question 12

According to Klockars, what are the four elements of police power?

A)Power, persuasion, threat, and force
B)Power, persuasion, force, and authority
C)Authority, threat, force, and persuasion
D)Force, coercion, persuasion, and authority

Question 13

What is discretion?

A)The right to inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance.
B)The authority to make a decision between two or more choices.
C)The use of physical coercion to overcome the will of the individual.
D)The unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role.

Question 14

Which of the following is not cited by Scheingold as a part of the police subculture?

A)A homogenous social group
B)A uniquely stressful work environment
C)A closed social system
D)Institutionalized racism

Question 15

Which of the following is a priority of the crime control method of policing?

A)Community service
B)Social justice
C)Efficiency
D)Coercion

Question 16

Which of Wilson's typologies is the least amenable to discretion?

A)Legalistic
B)Service
C)Watchman
D)Caretaker

Question 17

The policing strategy that utilizes data analysis to drive decision making in order to prevent crime is known as:

A)professional policing.
B)traditional policing.
C)community policing.
D)intelligence-led policing.

Question 18

The view of police as ________ is consistent with the due process model.

A)soldiers in a war
B)public servants
C)the last line of defense
D)crime fighters

Question 19

Which of the following is cited by the authors as evidence of the militarization of the police?

A)The number of veterans who are police.
B)The death of a 92-year-old woman and a 7-year-old boy as a result of military-style raids.
C)The military-grade equipment available to local police forces.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 20

The authority to use physical coercion to overcome the will of the individual is the definition of ______.

A)persuasion.
B)force.
C)authority.
D)duty.

Question 21

The four major themes of formal ethical codes for law enforcement include all except:

A)fairness.
B)personal conduct.
C)service.
D)education.

Question 22

What recent research has led to the indication that the "blue curtain of secrecy" is breaking down?

A)More police are attending college.
B)Police training has addressed the issue.
C)Whistleblowers have become a part of police culture.
D)There are more women and minorities on the force.

Question 23

A new police chief is sworn in. The city has been plagued with street crime and a poor relationship with the community. He has pledged to reduce crime and improve public satisfaction. If the chief wants to pursue an intelligence-led policing strategy, he would:

A)require his officers to obtain bachelor's degrees.
B)improve relations with the local media.
C)increase surveillance of known criminal organizations.
D)research successful police methods from other cities.

Question 24

A new police chief is sworn in. The city has been plagued with street crime and a poor relationship with the community. He has pledged to reduce crime and improve public satisfaction. If the chief invests in new technologies such as GIS mapping software and data analysis tools, in order to better deploy police resources, this would be known as:

A)a "zero tolerance" policy.
B)an intelligence-based strategy.
C)predictive policing.
D)community policing.

Question 25

Roland is a police officer in pursuit of a fleeing rape suspect. The chase is on foot, and Roland is a much faster runner than his partner. He catches the suspect out of sight of his partner. When his partner, Ted, arrives on the scene, he observes Roland striking the suspect, despite the fact that the suspect is already in handcuffs. The suspect does file a complaint with Internal Affairs, and Ted is questioned about the incident. Ted tells the investigator that he observed nothing out of the ordinary: When he arrived at the scene, the suspect was in custody and Roland was reading him his rights. This is an example of:

A)the blue curtain of secrecy.
B)discretion.
C)persuasion.
D)"dilemma of duty."

Question 26

What type of corruption involves police "testilying?"

A)Blue-collar corruption
B)Noble-cause corruption
C)Dirty Harry corruption
D)Magic-pencil corruption

Question 27

Cohen and Feldberg proposed that police power stems from the _________.

A)Code of Hammurabi
B)Ten Commandments
C)social contract
D)Constitution

Question 28

Our new police chief has determined that the strong police subculture and code of silence are detrimental to the department. If the chief institutes a policy to help officers with stress, anger, or substance abuse, rather than seek to terminate or punish them, this policy would be consistent with:

A)blue curtain of secrecy.
B)ethics of care.
C)noble cause.
D)managerial discretion.

Question 29

Our new police chief has determined that the strong police subculture and code of silence are detrimental to the department. According to the text, all of the following methods would help the new chief weaken the existing subculture except:

A)working with the police union to address officer issues.
B)emphasizing formal ethics training in the police academy.
C)increasing diversity in the force through new hires.
D)using less severe punishments for officer misconduct.

Question 30

Roland is a police officer in pursuit of a fleeing rape suspect. The chase is on foot, and Roland is a much faster runner than his partner. He catches the suspect out of sight of his partner. When his partner, Ted, arrives on the scene, he observes Roland striking the suspect, despite the fact that the suspect is already in handcuffs. Ted understands that committing perjury in this case is wrong, and technically qualifies as corruption. What type of corruption is this?

A)"Noble¬cause" corruption
B)Gratuitous corruption
C)Legalistic corruption
D)"Blue curtain" corruption

Question 31

Souryal argued that there are different kinds of loyalty to superiors or to fellow officers, including all of the following except:

A)integrated loyalty.
B)personal loyalty.
C)institutional loyalty.
D)fragmented loyalty.

Question 32

The "blue curtain of secrecy" refers to:

A)the law that prevents the release of some victim information from police reports.
B)the practice of police officers to remain silent when fellow officers commit unethical actions.
C)the practice of voting in secret during elections of police union leaders.
D)the news media's reluctance to report on certain police issues.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about police subculture is false?

A)Increasing diversity of police recruits has eliminated the social homogeneity of the workforce
B)Civil litigation has increased the risk of covering for another officer
C)Decreasing crime rates have reduced the need for a "code of silence"
D)Police unions have contributed to the weakening of the police subculture

Question 34

A new police chief is sworn in. The city has been plagued with street crime and a poor relationship with the community. He has pledged to reduce crime and improve public satisfaction. The falsifying of an affidavit to get an offender off the street is an example of:

A)testilying.
B)the blue curtain of silence.
C)the magic pencil.
D)cop code.

Question 35

Roland is a police officer in pursuit of a fleeing rape suspect. The chase is on foot, and Roland is a much faster runner than his partner. He catches the suspect out of sight of his partner. When his partner, Ted, arrives on the scene, he observes Roland striking the suspect, despite the fact that the suspect is already in handcuffs. When the case comes to trial, Ted maintains his story on the witness stand. This is known informally as:

A)a blue screen.
B)discretion under oath.
C)"dilemma of duty."
D)"testilying."

Question 36

A new police chief is sworn in. The city has been plagued with street crime and a poor relationship with the community. He has pledged to reduce crime and improve public satisfaction. Assume the new chief sets up a D.A.R.E. program with the local schools, orders 25 percent of his patrol officers to switch to foot patrol, and sets up a citizens' advisory board. These actions would be consistent with:

A)a "zero tolerance" policy.
B)an intelligence-based strategy.
C)predictive policing.
D)community policing.

Question 37

The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and the Oath of Honor were developed by:

A)the U.S. Department of Justice.
B)the Police Benevolent Association.
C)the National Sheriffs' Association.
D)the International Association of Chiefs of Police.

Question 38

Which of the following is cited as a theme of police subculture?

A)Priority of the social service aspect of law enforcement
B)The crime of POPO ("pissing off a police officer")
C)Compassion for the victims of crimes
D)Idealism

Question 39

Cohen and Feldberg proposed five ethical standards that can be derived from the social contract between society and the individuals. Which of the following is not one of these standards?

A)Teamwork
B)Objectivity
C)Equality
D)Fair access

Question 40

Roland is a police officer in pursuit of a fleeing rape suspect. The chase is on foot, and Roland is a much faster runner than his partner. He catches the suspect out of sight of his partner. When his partner, Ted, arrives on the scene, he observes Roland striking the suspect, despite the fact that the suspect is already in handcuffs. Ted chooses not to report his partner. He arrived at this decision by deciding that the greater good is served by preserving the rapist's conviction, rather than risk losing it due to an excessive force complaint. Ted does believe that Roland acted improperly but decides that the community is better off if the rapist is incarcerated than if a complaint is pursued against an otherwise excellent officer. Ted's decision is consistent with:

A)utilitarianism.
B)ethical formalism.
C)ethics of care.
D)zero tolerance.

Question 41

The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics is focused more directly on the public servant role, as opposed to the crime fighter role.

Question 42

"Testilying" is the practice of lying to a suspect in order to elicit information or a confession.

Question 43

Studies cited in the text show that police choose not to make an arrest in a large number of cases where an arrest would be legally justified.

Question 44

Reuss-Ianni found that the informal subculture of police enforced the notion that managers were not to be trusted.

Question 45

Loyalty to groups or persons is logical and based on fact, not emotion.

Question 46

In the early days of American policing, the police performed social services such as housing indigents and running soup kitchens.

Question 47

One important aspect of trusting the police is the likelihood that people will call police when they are ___________.

Question 48

______________ were divisions within some police departments that spied on organizations thought to be promoting socialism.

Question 49

According to Scheingold, the values of police subculture are like dominant American values, only they are more extreme.

Question 50

Most SWAT team deployments are in response to immanent violence.

Question 51

Community policing reached its height of its prevalence in the 1990s.

Question 52

The four themes found in formal codes of ethics for law enforcement are fairness, service, importance of law, and continuing education.

Question 53

The crime control paradigm of policing is most consistent with utilitarianism.

Question 54

A program where officers and members of the public form partnerships to address problems and prevent crime is called a(n)________________________ program.

Question 55

Packer's ______________ model of policing suggests that police focus on efficiently processing cases against offenders who are presumed to be guilty.

Question 56

Because a crime control model serves the greater good by protecting citizens, the idea that just about any practices are allowed in the pursuit of law enforcement is consistent with a(n)______________ view of ethics.

Question 57

The crime control model is consistent with the role of police officers as public servants.

Question 58

One of the key principles of Packer's crime control model is that repression of criminal behavior is more important than procedural justice.

Question 59

Cohen and Feldberg believe that the justification for police power comes from natural law.

Question 60

The "Ferguson Effect" indicates a reactionary rise of proactive enforcement as a result of police asserting their right to use force.

Question 61

Discuss the impacts of community policing on ethical behavior among police officers. Why might community policing act as an "insulator" against unethical behavior?

Question 62

Compare and contrast the due process model and crime control model and discuss which model is more appropriate today.

Question 63

The use of signs, symbols, words, and arguments to induce compliance is called ______________ .

Question 64

The _______, or YouTube Effect, is an unproven theory that concerns police morality and perceived de-policing in the media age.

Question 65

Explain how the social contract is the source of police power and explain the elements or characteristics of policing that logically flow from such power.

Question 66

The responsibilities that are attached to a specific role are called ______________ .

Question 67

The term ______________ means to have the power to make a decision between two or more choices.

Question 68

Explain the public servant role and the crime fighter role and why the two may be inconsistent.

Question 69

Discuss Wilson's typologies of police and how they relate to discretion.

Question 70

Kraska and Balko have documented an observation that American police have become increasingly ______________ over the last 30 years.

Question 71

The form of "noble cause" corruption that involves perjury in a courtroom is called __________.

Question 72

An element of the police subculture is that some officers see themselves as victims, due to low pay and ______________ that seems to favor offenders.

Question 73

The term used to describe the use of physical power to overcome the will of another individual is ______________ .

Question 74

Discuss the impact that the terror attacks of 9/11 had on police procedures and strategy.

Question 75

Evaluate the blue curtain of silence, what led to its prevalence, and what may lead to its demise.

Question 76

Describe and discuss Klockars' four elements of police control.

Question 77

An unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role is called ______________ .

Question 78

Describe the elements of the formal code of ethics and contrast them with the values of the police subculture.

Question 79

Crank and Caldero report research showing that police officers place less emphasis on __________ and more emphasis on __________.

Question 80

Discuss the "YouTube Effect" and the "Ferguson Effect," and what evidence has been presented to support the theories.