Deck 13: Correctional Professionals: Misconduct and Responses

Question 1

Which is not a type of misuse of authority discussed by McCarthy and Souryal?

A)Accepting gratuities
B)Extortion
C)Mismanagement
D)Entrapment

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Medical personnel sometimes adopt the ________________ philosophy of corrections and deprive inmates of services because of a belief that they don't deserve treatment.

A)"penal harm"
B)"green wall"
C)"correctional brick wall"
D)"penal oath"

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Bomse considers sexual harassment:

A)malicious or purposeful abuse.
B)negligent abuse.
C)systemic or budgetary abuse.
D)intentional sexual abuse.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following fits Souryal's definition of misfeasance?

A)Individual acts done for personal gain
B)Unethical acts done for the betterment of society
C)Acts of omission
D)Acts that violate authority

Question 5

If an individual officer watched a prison fight without intervening, Bomse would consider it:

A)malicious or purposeful abuse.
B)negligent abuse.
C)systematic or budgetary abuse.
D)intentional sexual abuse.

Question 6

Use of isolation units, according to Bomse, is:

A)malicious or purposeful abuse.
B)negligent abuse.
C)systemic or budgetary abuse.
D)intentional sexual abuse.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about restorative justice programs is false?

A)Restorative justice programs may lead to oppositional subcultures.
B)Restorative justice programs may lead to a greater sense of mission for employees.
C)Restorative justice programs are oriented to meeting the needs of victims and offenders.
D)Restorative justice programs may lead to decreased burn out and misconduct among employees.

Question 8

The person who helped set up the Abu Ghraib prison and had also served as head of the Texas, New Mexico, and Utah prison systems was:

A)Donald Vodicka.
B)Andy Collins.
C)Farhad Monem.
D)Lane McCotter.

Question 9

How long did the Stanford Prison Experiment last?

A)6 days
B)2 weeks
C)1 year
D)2 semesters

Question 10

A group called __________________ was formed at Salinas Valley Prison when inmates who had injured officers in a disturbance were then beaten by the officers in turn.

A)"The Christmas Party"
B)"The Green Wall"
C)"The Wall of Pain"
D)"The Salinas Tribunals"

Question 11

Ignoring a rule violation would meet Souryal's definition of:

A)misfeasance.
B)malfeasance.
C)nonfeasance.
D)antifeasance.

Question 12

According to Souryal, __________ has both a legal definition (the use of oppression or extralegal methods), and an ethical definition (the failure of officers to demonstrate compassion or keep a promise).

A)malfeasance
B)corruption
C)abuse
D)nonfeasance

Question 13

Which of the following statements is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Stanford Prison Experiment?

A)Male guards should not be put in charge of female inmates.
B)The prison environment causes people to act in ways that they would not otherwise.
C)Funding for rehabilitative programs is inadequate.
D)Longer periods of training tend to produce better correctional officers.

Question 14

Which of the following theories of ethical management argues that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management?

A)"Trickle down" theory
B)"Eye¬for¬an¬eye" theory
C)"Payback" theory
D)"Hierarchical" theory

Question 15

Souryal's corruption typology includes all of the following categories except:

A)arbitrary use of power.
B)oppression and failure to demonstrate compassion/caring.
C)mismanagement of prison resources.
D)abusing authority for personal gain.

Question 16

Which of the following state prison systems is not one of the three largest in the country?

A)Texas
B)Florida
C)California
D)New York

Question 17

According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true?

A)The workforce at most prisons is not organized into unions.
B)Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers.
C)Researchers see unions as being resistant to attempts to discipline officers engaging in misconduct.
D)Unions encourage their members to report instances of misconduct, for the good of the overall workforce.

Question 18

According to a study cited in the text, correctional managers attribute misconduct to:

A)low pay and poor screening during hiring.
B)unreasonably long shifts.
C)supervisors being required to oversee too many employees.
D)a lack of adequate equipment and supplies.

Question 19

Bomse classifies overcrowding as:

A)malicious or purposeful abuse.
B)negligent abuse.
C)systemic or budgetary abuse.
D)intentional sexual abuse.

Question 20

Souryal defines malfeasance as

A)illigitimate acts done for personal gain.
B)unethical acts done for the betterment of society.
C)acts of omission.
D)acts that violate authority.

Question 21

The "_________________ complex" provides jobs and profits to legions of companies and people around the country.

A)for-profit
B)Wal-prison-mart
C)prison-industrial
D)correctional sector

Question 22

Examples of restorative justice process include all of the following except:

A)family group counseling.
B)victim-offender mediation.
C)sentencing circles.
D)individual psychological counseling.

Question 23

Souryal argued that the "civility" of a correctional institution is influenced by all of the following except:

A)the level of education required for hire.
B)the amount of in-service training officers receive.
C)the presence of an engaged news media providing oversight.
D)the presence of a professional association or union.

Question 24

The Attorney General has hired you to review inmate complaints emanating from a state prison. Your investigation reveals that a group of six correctional officers is responsible for most of the issues. All six were part of the same training class and began work at the prison together. You are summarizing your findings for the Attorney General. While investigating the complaints, you noticed that several housing units were empty, while the others were clearly overcrowded. Cells designed for two inmates were occupied by three or four. When you asked the warden about this situation, he explained that it was more cost-effective to double-up the inmates. The empty cells did not require monitoring, cleaning, maintenance, and so on. He did not seem concerned that this policy resulted in undue suffering on the part of the inmates. This situation would be classified as:

A)systemic abuse.
B)"trickle¬down" abuse.
C)informal misconduct.
D)negligent abuse.

Question 25

According to McCarthy, an anti-corruption policy for correctional managers should include all of the following except:

A)improved working conditions.
B)providing good role models in the form of supervisors and administrators.
C)reduced opportunities for corruption.
D)regular lie-detector tests.

Question 26

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises. The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that he stands to be fired or demoted if the situation becomes known outside the institution. This would be an application of the _______________ viewpoint.

A)deontological
B)egoism
C)utilitarian
D)Marxist

Question 27

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises. It is possible that this situation developed out of the sight of top administrators at the prison because they are more involved with external matters, such as dealing with the legislature, media, courts, and community. In the text, this is referred to as having _____________.

A)an external focus
B)conflicting priorities
C)multiple stakeholders
D)an outward orientation

Question 28

The Attorney General has hired you to review inmate complaints emanating from a state prison. Your investigation reveals that a group of six correctional officers is responsible for most of the issues. All six were part of the same training class and began work at the prison together. You are summarizing your findings for the Attorney General. Several complaints related to the officers' failure to follow up on requests for medical care. There was also one complaint regarding lost mail. Your investigation leads you to believe that these issues were not intentional on the part of the officers; nevertheless, they still get classified as:

A)systemic abuse.
B)"trickle¬down" abuse.
C)informal misconduct.
D)negligent abuse.

Question 29

To improve the ethical climate of an agency, Souryal advocates all except:

A)randomly auditing the job performance of supervisory staff.
B)establishing quality-based supervisory techniques.
C)emphasizing true ethical training.
D)upgrading the quality of personnel.

Question 30

Which aspect of penalties found in sentencing circles emphasizes the individual's responsibility to the victim and society?

A)community service
B)apology
C)shaming
D)restitution

Question 31

The idea that the perception of legitimacy of legal authorities comes about when they practice fairness, participation, neutrality, and respect is known as:

A)peacemaking corrections.
B)procedural justice.
C)restorative justice.
D)community corrections.

Question 32

Souryal argued that "integrated thinking" and " _____________ agility" were important elements for an ethical climate.

A)mental
B)moral
C)ethical
D)personal

Question 33

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises. The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that it is ethical to sacrifice the well-being of a few officers to protect the reputation of the entire institution. This would be an application of the ______________ viewpoint.

A)deontological
B)egoist
C)utilitarian
D)Marxist

Question 34

Which type of corrections use wholesight?

A)Corrections of care
B)Ethical corrections
C)Peacemaking corrections
D)Reformed corrections

Question 35

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant's owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan. The offender explains to the victim that he didn't consider that there was a person who suffered as a result of his vandalism; to him, it was "just a building," and "the company" would fix whatever damage he did. A restorative solution attempts to achieve all of the following except:

A)stigmatizing the offender so that his shame will deter him from re-offending.
B)leading the offender to understand the harm suffered by the victim.
C)forcing the offender to acknowledge his own responsibility.
D)reducing the offender's sense that punishment for his actions is unfair.

Question 36

The warden of a state prison has been receiving complaints from female correctional officers. Their complaints are not against the inmates but rather are against some of their male colleagues. The complaints allege that the male officers have engaged in continuing sexual harassment, including posting pornographic images in the locker room, using degrading language about them in front of the inmates, and using their hands more than necessary during training exercises. The conditions described in the complaints constitute a:

A)"trickle¬down" abuse.
B)hostile work environment.
C)systemic abuse.
D)misfeasance.

Question 37

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant's owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan. Addressing the personal needs of the offender in this scenario is justified via which ethical system?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Ethical formalism
C)Ethics of care
D)Kantian ethics

Question 38

Both restorative justice and peacemaking corrections are consistent with the ethics of____________ and might be considered feminine models of justice.

A)care
B)restoration
C)need
D)treatment

Question 39

Wright offers seven principles as a guide for how administrators and supervisors should treat employees. Which of the following is not one of these seven principles?

A)Fair treatment
B)Due process
C)Safety
D)Good benefits

Question 40

The Attorney General has hired you to review inmate complaints emanating from a state prison. Your investigation reveals that a group of six correctional officers is responsible for most of the issues. All six were part of the same training class and began work at the prison together. You are summarizing your findings for the Attorney General. Interviews with the officers revealed a common perception that prison management did not behave ethically and was not concerned about officer safety. The officers indicated that they eventually adopted the attitude that if management was not going to treat them properly, then they were no longer concerned about treating inmates ethically. This situation illustrates:

A)systemic abuse.
B)"trickle¬down" abuse.
C)informal misconduct.
D)negligent abuse.

Question 41

"Hostile work environment" has to do with the unions objecting to management treatment of officers.

Question 42

A strong anti-corruption policy should include screening of employees using state-of-the-art psychological tools.

Question 43

In the 1990s, Corcoran prison guards in California were accused of setting up gladiator-type fights between inmates and encouraging or allowing prisoner rapes.

Question 44

The case of Brown v. Plata resulted in the release of numerous California inmates to relieve overcrowding.

Question 45

The type of abuse inflicted by individual officers intentionally is called _________________ abuse.

Question 46

The "trickle down" theory of ethical management is that correctional officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management.

Question 47

Norway's correctional system includes a maximum sentence of incarceration of 40 years.

Question 48

There is a growing recognition that some misconduct of correctional officers may be due to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 49

Restorative justice programs are so numerous and diverse that some type of restorative justice program can be utilized for every type of offender.

Question 50

Zimbardo's prison experiment was conducted on the campus of Brown University.

Question 51

The term ____________________ refers to a group of officers in Salinas Valley Prison, California who were implicated in a variety of unethical behaviors.

Question 52

The Supreme Court has decided that inmates must have some sort of due process before a neutral hearing body before having ______________ taken away for disciplinary reasons.

Question 53

Zimbardo's experiment demonstrated that educated men on the whole were less prone to violence.

Question 54

Some people become correctional officers as part of a long-term plan to smuggle drugs into prisons.

Question 55

Philip Zimbardo realized his role as the "warden" in his experiment had begun to corrupt him.

Question 56

The scandal at Abu Ghraib had no effect on prison practices in the United States.

Question 57

Researchers Mesloh, Wolf, and Henych found that the existence of a deviant subculture among correctional officers affects misconduct.

Question 58

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant's owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan. One criticism of restorative justice suggests that _____________ offenders may be good for the individual victim but may not be good for the "class of victims" who have yet to be victimized.

A)forgiving
B)incarcerating
C)executing
D)suing

Question 59

China's "normalization principle" refers to a belief that offenders respond best to the message that they are still members of the community.

Question 60

Bomse classified the denial of medical care and the lack of responsiveness as ________________ abuse.

Question 61

The ___________ helps to create the correctional environment by its endorsement of the subcultural norm that inmates deserve less legal protection than the rest of us.

Question 62

Peacemaking corrections may be considered a __________model of justice because the focus is not on retribution but rather on needs.

Question 63

Discuss the findings of Zimbardo's prison experiment and the implications concerning the potential behavior of correctional officers.

Question 64

The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America developed a list of recommendations to reduce the ____________.

Question 65

Discuss the three types of prisoner abuse that Bomse identified, and provide an example of each.

Question 66

Making decisions by examining a problem with both one's head and one's heart is known as _____________________.

Question 67

PTSD, which has been cited as a possible cause of misconduct among some officers, is an acronym for Post-Traumatic _____________________.

Question 68

List and briefly discuss/describe at least two of the explanations given by McCarthy and Souryal for the misconduct of correctional officers.

Question 69

Discuss the different types of peacemaking corrections and evaluate their effectiveness.

Question 70

Discuss the scandals that have surrounded the New York prison system.

Question 71

At the Clinton Correctional facility, a prisoner named Leonard Strickland, who was diagnosed with __________ was beaten to death by guards.

Question 72

As described in the text, __________ provide legal assistance to officers accused of wrongdoing and support officers who, many would argue, should not be working in corrections.

Question 73

List and discuss some management practices that have been found to contribute to an ethical workplace.

Question 74

A type of sexual harassment where sexual innuendos or joking makes the workplace so uncomfortable that the employee perceives it as harmful is referred to as a(n)____________________.

Question 75

Describe and discuss restorative justice and its potential role in dealing with misconduct and corruption in corrections.

Question 76

A study cited in the text determined that _____________ was the strongest predictor (in a negative direction)for job stress among corrections officers.

Question 77

A review by the Denver Post found that "fundamental errors" in supervision were present in 60 percent of the cases involving_______________supervision.

Question 78

Compare and contrast individual and organization explanations for misconduct.

Question 79

Discuss the elements that contribute to the correctional officer subculture, and show how this subculture impacts officer behavior.

Question 80

The ________ Department of Corrections and Community Services has been plagued with scandals, including an escape that could have been easily averted.