Deck 14: Economic Justice

Question 1

To suggest that allowing people to earn as much money as they can because doing so gives people incentive to be maximally productive comes under which form of reasoning?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Natural law
C)Categorical imperative
D)Relativism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Rawls's maximin principle for decision-making under ignorance, people will choose that society with the least gap between the rich and the poor.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to Rawls, justice is

A)Equality.
B)Fairness.
C)Mutual agreement.
D)Impossible unless enforced by a sovereign.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Rawls's second principle of justice requires that an inequality in goods in a society is just provided that the people have merited what they have.

Question 5

Distributive justice has to do with

A)How justice is divided within a society.
B)How goods are allocated among persons.
C)How likely one is to get a fair trial.
D)A major in college.

Question 6

Libertarians do not believe that governments should try to equalize end states of wealth.

Question 7

According to John Rawls in A Theory of Justice , it is always unjust for some people to be very wealthy and others to be poor.

Question 8

To suggest that Tom has a right to the money that is earned as a result of his innovative idea comes under which form of ethical reasoning?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Natural law
C)Categorical imperative
D)Relativism

Question 9

John Rawls derives his principles of justice by asking what principles people who are concerned about the welfare of others would choose.

Question 10

Rawls argues that the right to the most extensive equal basic liberties may be reduced if doing so benefits the worst-off in society.

Question 11

Libertarians favor a minimalized government.

Question 12

A libertarian conception of economic justice relies on notions of a negative right (a right not to be interfered with), while a socialist conception stresses a positive right (a right to have basic necessities).

Question 13

The people in the original position of choosing behind a "veil of ignorance" do not know any biasing things about themselves but do know that they would want what any person would want.

Question 14

Libertarians typically hold a process view of justice rather than an end state view.

Question 15

According to a process view of economic justice, a social distribution of wealth is just if and only if the disparities in wealth are due to differences in merit, achievement, or contribution.

Question 16

What principle aims to compensate for the bias of arbitrary contingencies in the direction of equality?

A)The principle of acquisitive justice.
B)The principle of redress.
C)The principle of rectification.
D)The principle of reflective equilibrium.

Question 17

The morality of inequality of opportunity is a(n)ethical concern, while the morality of inequality of outcome is a(n)ethical concern?

A)Natural law, relative
B)Categorical imperative, natural law
C)Natural law, utilitarian
D)Utilitarian, relative

Question 18

The method Rawls uses to derive principles for determining what social institutions are just is an appeal to an imaginary situation in which people would choose principles not knowing certain possibly biasing things about themselves.

Question 19

An "end state" view of economic justice is one that is concerned about how things turn out in terms of distribution of wealth in a society.

Question 20

Libertarians tend to emphasize negative rights, while socialists tend to stress positive rights.

Question 21

Label as End State (E)or Process (P)views of justice
Just societies must satisfy the basic needs of all their members.

Question 22

Label as End State (E)or Process (P)views of justice
Inequality of wealth in a society is just only if people have equal opportunity to attain the positions to which the wealth is attached.

Question 23

Label as Characteristic of a Libertarian (L), Socialist (S)or Liberal (LL)position (In some cases more than one answer is right--give all which are right):
End state view of justice

Question 24

Label as Characteristic of a Libertarian (L), Socialist (S)or Liberal (LL)position (In some cases more than one answer is right--give all which are right):
Negative rights

Question 25

Label as Characteristic of a Libertarian (L), Socialist (S)or Liberal (LL)position (In some cases more than one answer is right--give all which are right):
Liberty rather than freedom

Question 26

Rawls believes justice is to social institutions as

A)Money is to economics.
B)Medicine is to hospitals.
C)Taxes are to government.
D)Truth is to scientific systems.

Question 27

Label as Characteristic of a Libertarian (L), Socialist (S)or Liberal (LL)position (In some cases more than one answer is right--give all which are right):
Process view of justice

Question 28

Label as End State (E)or Process (P)views of justice
If some in a society have greater wealth than others this difference is due to the fact that those with more have worked harder for it.

Question 29

Contrast socialist and libertarian outlooks with regard to their views on whether distributive justice should be determined by process or end state views.

Question 30

Label as End State (E)or Process (P)views of justice
A just society must prevent people from unjustly acquiring wealth.

Question 31

According to Robert Nozick, principles that require distribution of social benefits according to moral merit, usefulness to society, or another natural dimension are best described as which of the following?

A)Historical.
B)Efficient.
C)Patterned.
D)Egalitarian.

Question 32

Label as Characteristic of a Libertarian (L), Socialist (S)or Liberal (LL)position (In some cases more than one answer is right--give all which are right):
Positive rights

Question 33

In Rawls' experiment of original position, the people most likely to choose Society A are

A)Risk takers.
B)People with a lot of money.
C)Old souls.
D)People who believe in karma.

Question 34

When, according to John Rawls, are economic inequalities justified? Explain the idea of "original position" is intended to insure that inequalities are justified.