Deck 18: Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Question 1

In most cases, GMOs are an example of an enhancement technology.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The argument that human personhood begins at conception and, therefore, human embryos should not be used for scientific research is founded in

A)Categorical imperative.
B)Utilitarianism.
C)Natural law.
D)Virtue ethics.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Some opponents of stem cell research argue that the early undifferentiated cells of the blastocyst have the full moral status of a person, and thus cannot be used in medical research.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The "playing God" argument against cloning

A)Is religious in nature.
B)Is the same as the "yuck factor" argument.
C)Is built on teachings in the Christian Bible.
D)Is not necessarily a religious argument.

Question 5

Stem cells are

A)Monopotent.
B)Pluripotent.
C)Omnipotent.
D)Bipotent.

Question 6

Embryonic stem cells are called omnipotent, because they can develop into many different kinds of tissue.

Question 7

According to Kass, "yuck factor" arguments are grounded in

A)a wisdom of repugnance.
B)hyper-sensitivity.
C)care ethics.
D)a false naturalism.

Question 8

The Human Genome Project was completed in:

A)1995.
B)It is not yet finished.
C)2000.
D)2013.

Question 9

All successful cloning produces a genetically identical reproduction of a full animal or plant.

Question 10

Which moral approach best represents the precautionary principle?

A)Natural law ethics
B)Utilitarianism
C)Kant's categorical imperative
D)Care ethics

Question 11

Which moral approach is the "playing God" objection based upon?

A)Natural law ethics
B)Utilitarianism
C)Kant's categorical imperative
D)Care ethics

Question 12

In most cases, prosthetic limbs are an example of an enhancement technology.

Question 13

One of the central issues in the debate over embryonic stem cell research is the moral status of the human blastocyst, a fertilized ball of cells that is smaller than a grain of sand.

Question 14

How has nearly all the food we eat been "genetically modified" in the broadest sense of the term?

A)It has been cross-bred for centuries.
B)It has been made drought-resistant.
C)It has been made sterile.
D)It has been infused with "edible vaccines."

Question 15

Mammals have never been cloned.

Question 16

The "yuck factor" argument against human cloning holds that we ought to trust our gut reactions to certain procedures as indicative of their moral nature.

Question 17

The Human Genome Project was designed to alter and perfect the human genetic code.

Question 18

A common ethical objection to human reproductive cloning is

A)It is a production rather than a creation.
B)It violates the human's rights to an open future
C)All of these choices.
D)It is comparable to "playing God."

Question 19

According to your text, of the 20,000 human genes, how many are unique to humans and not found in other animals?

A)300
B)18,000
C)10,000
D)1,000

Question 20

According to the Human Genome Project, human beings' genes  are 99.9% identical , regardless of race or sex.

Question 21

The idea of the "wisdom of repugnance" is a form of

A)intuitionism.
B)willful ignorance.
C)divine command theory.
D)mysticism.

Question 22

Explain the difference between therapeutic technologies and enhancement technologies. What are some conceptual criticisms made of this distinction? What are some ways that the distinction is claimed to be ethically relevant?

Question 23

The process of activating, replacing, or changing malfunctioning genes before a baby is born would be an example of

A)reproductive cloning.
B)genetic enhancement.
C)in vitro fertilization.
D)gene therapy.

Question 24

Explain the relationships between ethical issues related to cloning, and ethical issues related to abortion. In your discussion, be sure to explain the difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Do the relevant ethical issues apply to both types of cloning?

Question 25

What is the difference between genetic screening and gene therapy? Present a consequentialist argument in favor of either genetic screening or gene therapy. Then, present a  nonconsequentialist  argument against   either genetic screening or gene therapy .