Deck 3: The Roman Empire

Question 1

Rather than a somber theme, _____ are featured at the Tomb of the Leopards.

A)mythological scenes
B)banqueting couples
C)Greek deities
D)Imperial processions

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The typical Etruscan tomb form at the Banditaccia necropolis was the _____.

A)tumulus
B)temple plan
C)shaft grave
D)pseudo-peripteral

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The stucco tools and everyday objects decorating the Etruscan Tomb of the Reliefs connected the tomb to _____.

A)their temples
B)the slaves who built it
C)their leaders
D)their homes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The main gathering area of a Pompeiian house is the _____.

A)impluvium
B)triclinium
C)cubiculum
D)atrium

Question 5

The Apollo of Veii and sarcophagus with a reclining couple differ from Greek statuary in their _____.

A)frozen pose
B)naturalistic depiction of the anatomy
C)Egyptian influence
D)ability to speak to the viewer

Question 6

The painting in the Tomb of the Leopards celebrates _____.

A)the joy of life
B)the triumph of good over evil
C)victory in battle
D)the sorrow of death

Question 7

The high podium and single flight of stairs of the Roman Temple of Portunus reflects the influence of the _____.

A)Greeks
B)Samnites
C)Etruscans
D)Minoans

Question 8

In contrast to Greek architectural sculpture, the Etruscans placed sculptures on the _____ of temples.

A)pediments
B)friezes
C)roofs
D)podiums

Question 9

The two centuries of peace that began under the reign of Augustus is generally called the_____.

A)tetrarchy
B)soldier emperors
C)Pax Romana
D)senate

Question 10

The wealthy or patrician class commissioned _____ to celebrate their elevated status in society.

A)weapons
B)mural paintings
C)temples
D)ancestral portraits

Question 11

The presence of delicate linear fantasies on monochromatic backgrounds characterizes the _____ of Pompeiian wall painting.

A)masonry style
B)Third Style
C)Second Style
D)linear perspective style

Question 12

Depicted on the Column of Antoninus Pius, the _____, or emperor's ascent into heaven to accompany the gods, became a central theme of imperial ideology.

A)decumanus
B)apotheosis
C)imperator
D)imperial entry

Question 13

The heart of a Roman city is the _____.

A)forum
B)atrium
C)basilica
D)theater

Question 14

Because they were designed to shut off the street's noise and dust, Pompeiian houses are described as _____.

A)meandering
B)complex in plan
C)inward looking
D)multistoried

Question 15

Which of the following works of art illustrates how Romanized the Etruscans became in the first century BCE?

A)Apulu Veii
B)Aule Metele
C)Mural painting, Tomb of the Leopards
D)Sarcophagus with reclining couple

Question 16

The Etruscans used _____ columns on their temples.

A)Ionic
B)Minoan
C)Tuscan
D)Corinthian

Question 17

Rome was reportedly founded by _____ in 753 BCE.

A)Romulus
B)Tarquinius Superbus
C)Apollodorus of Damascus
D)Nero

Question 18

The First Style of Pompeiian wall painting imitated _____.

A)marble paneling
B)landscapes
C)imperial palaces
D)Minaoan frescoes

Question 19

The _____ at Pompeii functioned as its law court.

A)amphitheater
B)basilica
C)velarium
D)orchestra

Question 20

The year 211 BCE was a turning point for both Rome and Roman art because _____.

A)Rome conquered Greece
B)Marcellus brought the artistic patrimony of Syracuse to Rome
C)Last Attalid king willed Pergamon to Rome
D)Veii fell to the Romans

Question 21

During his reign Constantine transferred the empire's seat of power from Rome to _____.

A)Ravenna
B)Constantinople
C)Alexandria
D)Persia

Question 22

_____ was Trajan's official architect and designer of his forum and markets.

A)Apollodorus of Damascus
B)Trajan Decius
C)Diocletian
D)Gaeta

Question 23

The sadness and anxiety conveyed in the portrait of Trajan Decius reflects the unstable times of the so-called _____.

A)soldier emperors
B)Republic
C)Flavian dynasty
D)intermediate period

Question 24

Trajan's forum glorified his victories in two wars against the _____.

A)Greeks
B)Samnites
C)Severans
D)Dacians

Question 25

Constantine and Licinius issued the _____, which ended the persecutions of Christians.

A)meditations
B)tetrarchy
C)Edict of Milan
D)consular diptych

Question 26

What advantages did creating structures from concrete offer the Romans?

Question 27

Echoing developments in portraits of Marcus Aurelius, the portrait bust of Caracalla is remarkable in its ability to reveal his _____.

A)generosity
B)aspirations to be a god
C)personality
D)old age

Question 28

In contrast to the Greek practice of building a theater along the slope of a hill, _____ supported the rising seating of a Roman amphitheater.

A)a cavea
B)barrel vaults
C)the frigidarium
D)the arena

Question 29

The Greek model for the portrait of Augustus as imperator was the _____.

A)equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius
B)Hermes and the infant Dionysos
C)portrait of Pericles
D)Doryphoros

Question 30

Describe the relationship between the importance the Romans attached to their ancestors and veristic portraits?

Question 31

What function did coffering perform?

A)It helped expand interior space.
B)It lightened the weight of a dome or arch.
C)It supplied an accurate means of measuring interior space.
D)It allowed the Romans to construct extensive road systems.

Question 32

Why do scholars debate whether veristic portraits are primarily records of a specific person's likeness?

Question 33

What are the differences between Etruscan tumuli and Mycenaean tholoi, such as the Treasury of Atreus?

Question 34

The presence of children in the procession of the imperial family on the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace)reflects Augustus's concern about _____.

A)Roman egalitarianism
B)military aggression
C)the decline in the birthrate among nobility
D)patrician ethics

Question 35

The triumphal arch called the Arch of Titus was the first instance of the portrayal of _____ interacting with humans.

A)lions
B)centaurs
C)divine beings
D)ancestors

Question 36

The emperor _____ established the Flavian line after Nero's suicide and subsequent civil war.

A)Antoninus Pius
B)Vespasian
C)Constantine
D)Apollodorus of Damascus

Question 37

In 293, Diocletian shared power with his rivals, creating a form of government called the _____.

A)dictatorship
B)senate
C)consul
D)tetrarchy

Question 38

Describe the manner of portraying members of the patrician class during the Republic.

Question 39

Augustus consciously revived the _____ style in art and architecture to present his reign as a Golden Age.

A)classical
B)Orientalizing
C)geometric
D)late antique

Question 40

Describe the differences between a Greek theater and the Roman amphitheater at Pompeii.

Question 41

Roman emperors were aware of the power of visual art to communicate ideas about their reign and ideology. Citing examples, explain how artists used specific artworks or monuments to mold public opinion.

Question 42

Identify some of the most structurally innovative buildings produced by the Romans.

Question 43

How does the reliefs on the Column of Trajan accurately record the general character of Trajan's campaigns against the Dacians?

Question 44

Why did Constantine reuse relief sculptures from earlier emperors' monuments?

Question 45

The discovery of Pompeii provides us with extensive knowledge of the everyday life of the Romans. Describe the layout of the city and the significant building types and architectural features. Please include both civic and domestic objects.

Question 46

Styles in Pompeiian mural painting changed over time. Please describe the classifications that scholars have developed and the dominant stylistic characteristics of each.

Question 47

What techniques did the Romans employ to build the Pantheon's dome?

Question 48

Describe Etruscan burial practices and the art associated with them. To what extent did their funerary monuments and practices differ from the Greeks?

Question 49

What is damnatio memoriae , and how did it affect art?

Question 50

Although the Etruscans were strongly influenced by the Greeks, scholars recognize their unique contributions. Using examples, identify the uniquely Etruscan features of their art and architecture.

Question 51

Portraiture was an important category of art during the Roman Republic and imperial era. Using specific examples, identify some of the pivotal examples of portraiture with respect to style, political messages, or ability to reflect the time period.

Question 52

What are the compositional principles of the Late Antique style?

Question 53

Describe linear perspective and atmospheric perspective, and identify examples of Pompeiian wall painting where these techniques were used.

Question 54

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Question 55

How did the political situation in third century CE Rome differ from circumstances in the first century CE, and what effect did that difference have on art? Be sure to cite specific monuments to illustrate your discussion.

Question 56

How was the creation of the Colosseum a shrewd political move for the emperor Vespasian?

Question 57

Roman art underwent a dramatic stylistic shift during the Late Empire. Through selected examples describe the different compositional and stylistic changes. Why was this style embraced?

Question 58

How is the emperor Constantine a mirror of the transition from the classical to the medieval world?

Question 59

Roman art is described as being eclectic or borrowing from several cultures. Which cultures exerted a strong influence on the Romans? Citing examples, please identify aspects of their art or architecture that the Romans borrowed.