Deck 7: The Roman Empire

Question 1

At Al-Khazneh (the "Treasury") located at Jordan, the architect used Greek architectural elements ____.

A)in a purely ornamental fashion
B)with regard for classical rules
C)to emphasize power
D)because of its function as a temple

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Roman temple design during the Republican period reflected the colossal design of the Greek Hellenistic style. This can be seen in which of the following temples?

A)Temple of Portunus, Rome
B)Temple of Vesta, Tivoli
C)Pantheon, Rome
D)Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The influence for the procession of the imperial family on the Ara Pacis Augustae was ____.

A)the Column of Trajan
B)the Panathenaic frieze from the Parthenon
C)Pompeian wall painting
D)the Apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustina

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the First Style of Roman wall painting at Pompeii, the decorator's aim was to imitate ____.

A)elaborate architecture
B)mosaics
C)costly marble
D)theater design

Question 5

The Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia was characterized by which of the following?

A)Monumental concrete barrel vaults
B)Pseudoperipteral style
C)Use of bucrania
D)Religious frescoes

Question 6

A large palace/fort was built at Split in Yugoslavia by ____.

A)Julius Caesar
B)Trajan
C)Diocletian
D)Constantine

Question 7

The Pantheon was one of the most influential designs in the history of architecture. It brought new meaning to the concept of "architectural space." Which of the following descriptions characterize this influential work?

A)The design is based on the intersection of two squares.
B)The design is based on the intersection of two circles.
C)The design is based on the intersection of two rectangles.
D)The design is based on the trapezoid.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the Temple of Portunus, Rome?

A)Pseudo-peripteral
B)Peripteral
C)Marble facade
D)Placed on a stylobate

Question 9

Which of the following best describes and distinguishes the Fourth Style of Roman painting?

A)Masonry
B)Linear fantasies
C)Dissolution of confining walls
D)The reintroduction of architectural vistas

Question 10

Pompeian wall paintings of the Second Style are characterized by which of the following?

A)Fantastic architecture based on the theater
B)Painted copies of inlaid stonework
C)Various sections, some painted decoratively
D)The wall seemingly opening up into an illusionistic landscape

Question 11

The Emperor Trajan commissioned which of the following?

A)The Colosseum
B)The Arc de Triomphe now in Paris
C)The Ara Pacis
D)The column depicting his victories

Question 12

Which of the following structural materials allowed the architect of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia to raise such a grand and eloquent expression of Roman power?

A)Concrete
B)Marble
C)Bronze rebar
D)Metal armatures

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes the character of the imagery portrayed on the Column of Trajan?

A)Dacians were depicted as insignificant with poor military skills.
B)The enemy was never portrayed.
C)Trajan rarely appears in the scenes
D)Battle scenes take up one-quarter of the scenes.

Question 14

Where would an oculus be found?

A)At the center of a dome
B)In the wall of a temple
C)As part of a Roman peristyle
D)In the apse of a basilica

Question 15

In contrast to portraits from the Republic, those in the Flavian period emphasized ____.

A)Republican virtue
B)the divine nature of the sitter
C)Greek ancestry
D)beauty in terms of current fashion

Question 16

Freed slaves often ordered portrait reliefs for their tombs. Which of the following is the best reason for this?

A)To celebrate their new status as free
B)As a reminder of their former status as slaves
C)To commemorate their status as Roman citizens
D)To celebrate their immortality via portraiture

Question 17

Which of the following would be located in a forum and would house the law court for the city?

A)Stoa
B)Capitolium
C)Basilica
D)Arena

Question 18

Republican portraits are usually of older men. Which of the following explains the lifelike verism of these portraits?

A)The Hellenistic tradition of portraiture
B)The Etruscan tradition of funereal sculpture
C)The tradition of the treasured household imagines
D)The new Republican tradition of portraiture

Question 19

The allegorical figures in the Triumph of Titus allude to ____.

A)his imperial virtues
B)the protection of the gods
C)his defeat of the Dacians
D)the reign of Nero

Question 20

Which of the following was the first to break with tradition and use his portrait on Roman coinage?

A)Caesar Augustus
B)Pompey the Great
C)Julius Caesar
D)Tiberius

Question 21

How did concrete construction revolutionize architectural design?

Question 22

The palace at Tivoli was constructed for which of the following emperors?

A)Augustus
B)Nero
C)Constantine
D)Hadrian

Question 23

How do the portraits of Livia reflect Classical Greek sculpture?

Question 24

How does the equestrian portrait of Marcus Aurelius go beyond verism?

Question 25

In Second  Style wall paintings such as Cubiculum M from the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor, Roman architects used ____ to convincingly portray depth.

A)linear perspective
B)puppetlike figures
C)imitation marbling
D)incrustation

Question 26

How did the Pax Augusta (Augustan Peace) or Pax Romana influence the arts?

Question 27

Coffering was a useful architectural device in that it performed what function?

A)Helped expand interior space
B)Helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch
C)Supplied an accurate means of measurement for the Romans
D)Enabled extensive road systems to be built

Question 28

In portraying the personality of the emperor, and, in particular his sense of concern about the weakened state of the Empire, the portraits of ____ began a new trend in portraiture.

A)Augustus
B)Pompey the Great
C)the Julio-Claudians
D)Marcus Aurelius

Question 29

Who or what is Mithras?

Question 30

The artist of the spoils from Jerusalem from the Arch of Titus ____ to create the illusion of depth.

A)colored the background
B)used different levels of relief
C)introduced allegorical figures
D)placed the figures in a landscape

Question 31

Christianity was recognized as the official religion of Rome in the early fourth century ce by which of the following?

A)Diocletian
B)Constantine
C)Marcus Aurelius
D)Trajan

Question 32

The figures from the frieze of the Villa of Mysteries are thought to depict an initiation into which of the following?

A)Cult of Demeter
B)Cult of Persephone
C)Cult of Dionysus
D)Cult of Sol Invictus

Question 33

How did the Romans impose human will on nature in the construction of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia at Palestrina?

Question 34

What is a groin vault?

Question 35

Provide evidence of the mixing of Greek and Etruscan forms on the Republican Temple of Fortuna Virilis, Rome.

Question 36

In contrast to a Greek temple, Roman temples usually were ____.

A)set on a stylobate
B)constructed on a hill
C)pseudoperipteral
D)constructed of wood

Question 37

What is atmospheric perspective?

Question 38

How does a vault differ from a post-and-lintel system?

Question 39

Which style of wall painting was least characteristic of Roman wall painting?

A)Architectural frames
B)Illusionism
C)Mathematical linear perspective
D)Eclecticism

Question 40

How did influences from Christianity and eastern religions affect Roman funerary art?

Question 41

Describe Roman painting styles; how did they evolve? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the Greek Parthenon with the Roman Pantheon. How does each represent its period and culture?

Question 43

Compare and contrast the Arch of Titus with the Arch of Constantine. What are the similarities and differences? How does each monument represent the emperor and his century?

Question 44

Evaluate the role of Augustus as a patron of the arts. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 45

Explain the techniques used by Roman architects and describe the types of buildings they created. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 46

Describe the art created for nonimperial patrons. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 47

Contrast the veristic preferences in Republican portraiture with Imperial portraiture. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 48

How did Augustus change the style of portrait sculpture?

Question 49

Explain the contributions of Diocletian and how he impacted the Late Empire period. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 50

How did the political situation in third century ce Rome differ from that of the first century ce , and what effect did that have on art? Cite specific monuments to illustrate your discussion.