Deck 18: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Northern Europe and Spain

Question 1

The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act?

A)Idolatry
B)Iconography
C)Iconoclasm
D)Iconology

Answer 1

C

Question 2

El Escorial is in which country?

A)Germany
B)France
C)England
D)Spain

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Albrecht Altdorfer derived his landscape depiction in the Battle of Issus from ____.

A)Lucas Cranach
B)Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Allegory of Good Government
C)a map in the Nuremberg Chronicle
D)a Roman wall painting

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Dürer's Melencolia I , the ____ is an optimistic note suggesting that the artist can overcome depression.

A)burst of light on the horizon
B)bat holding a banner
C)hourglass
D)tools of the artist and builder

Question 5

The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. Which of the following styles would most appeal to this king and his court?

A)Classicism of 16th-century Italy
B)Mannerism
C)Expressiveness of Grünewald
D)Intellectualism of Leonardo

Question 6

Jean Clouet presented Francis I as a ____.

A)revolutionary
B)deeply pious figure
C)worldly leader
D)humble man

Question 7

The monumental composition and sculpturesque form in Hans Holbein's The French Ambassadors reflects the influence of ____.

A)Italian art
B)French art
C)Medieval art
D)Gothic art

Question 8

The miniature portrait of Elizabeth I shows an elegant, formally attired young Elizabeth presented as a princess. Who is the artist who created this memorable portrait?

A)Hans Holbein
B)Caterina van Hemessen
C)Levina Teerlinc
D)Albrecht Dürer

Question 9

The depiction of different months from ____ influenced Bruegel's Hunters in the Snow .

A)Italian palazzos
B)ancient fresco paintings
C)murals in town halls
D)Books of Hours

Question 10

Attributes of El Greco's style, such as elongated figures in an undefined space, are often characterized as ____.

A)medieval
B)Venetian
C)Mannerist
D)Spanish

Question 11

In the ____, a band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.

A)Thirty Years' War
B)Great Iconoclasm
C)Saint Anthony's Fire
D)Counter-Reformation

Question 12

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?

A)Levina Teerlinc
B)Judith Leyster
C)Caterina van Hemessen
D)Lavinia Fontana

Question 13

Which of the following made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16th century?

A)Switzerland, Holland, and Belgium
B)Bavaria, Holland, and Belgium
C)Northern Italy, Holland, and Belgium
D)Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium

Question 14

The Battle of Issus may be a reference to the contemporary ____.

A)dynastic struggles
B)Catholic Netherlands
C)struggle against the Turks
D)campaign against Martin Luther

Question 15

Who created Knight, Death, and the Devil ?

A)Albrecht Dürer
B)Cranach the Elder
C)Jean Goujon
D)Jan Gossaert

Question 16

In Money-Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that ____ are a distraction from religious life.

A)financial transactions
B)beauty and physical health
C)fine garments
D)scientific experiments

Question 17

In Pieter Aertsen's Butcher's Stall , the ____ is associated with a degenerate life.

A)the cow's head
B)figures going to church
C)people eating and carousing
D)pretzel

Question 18

Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs is reminiscent of the topsy-turvy scenes by ____.

A)Bosch
B)Mantegna
C)Giovanni Bellini
D)Jan van Eyck

Question 19

Saints Anthony and Sebastian appear in Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece because of their association with ____.

A)Virgin Mary
B)disease and miraculous cures
C)craft guilds
D)Protestant Reformation

Question 20

The German artist who was dubbed with the title "painter of the Reformation" is ____.

A)Lucas Cranach the Elder
B)Albrecht Dürer
C)Matthias Grünewald
D)Hans Holbein

Question 21

In the 16th century, power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court. Who was this monarch?

A)Henry VIII
B)Francis I
C)Charles V
D)Elizabeth I

Question 22

How does the Isenheim Altarpiece represent suffering and salvation?

Question 23

Who was Desiderius Erasmus?

Question 24

During the second half of the 16th century, ____ controlled the Netherlands.

A)Count Orgaz
B)Wilhelm IV
C)Francis I
D)Philip II

Question 25

Which of the following artists excelled in portraiture?

A)Matthias Grünewald
B)Hans Holbein
C)Albrecht Altdorfer
D)Pieter Bruegel

Question 26

Which artist painted a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?

A)Hieronymus Bosch
B)Matthias Grünewald
C)Pieter Bruegel
D)Jan Gossaert

Question 27

In El Greco's View of Toled o , the artist departed from Renaissance painters by not painting ____.

A)a specific location
B)Roman monuments
C)religious figures
D)buildings in detail

Question 28

Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?

A)Pieter Bruegel
B)Hans Holbein
C)Albrecht Dürer
D)Jan Gossaert

Question 29

What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's The French Ambassadors ?

A)Skeleton
B)Seal of Francis I
C)Skull
D)Seal of Henry VIII

Question 30

How did the Reformation change the map of Europe?

Question 31

How were witches portrayed in the art of Hans Baldung Grien?

Question 32

In Dürer's print of the Fall of Man , the idealization of Adam and Eve is tempered by the ____ of the background.

A)naturalism
B)abstraction
C)Roman monuments
D)distant view of a goat teetering on the edge of a cliff

Question 33

According to the Protestants, scripture and scripture alone could gain the Christian entry into Heaven. What was the consequence of this notion?

Question 34

____ was the style that appealed to the French king, Francis I, because of its elegant, erotic, and unorthodox features.

A)Mannerism
B)Flemish
C)The Venetian school
D)Medieval

Question 35

In his diary Albrecht Dürer described Joachim Patinir as a good ____.

A)printmaker
B)landscape artist
C)imitator of Michelangelo
D)Mannerist artist

Question 36

Why is Dürer compared to Leonardo? How is he different?

Question 37

Which of the following is one of the most important cities of the 16th-century Netherlands?

A)Paris
B)Munich
C)Antwerp
D)Rotterdam

Question 38

What did the dissolution of the Burgundian Netherlands in 1477 lead to across Europe?

Question 39

In the 16th century, Spain supported which of the following?

A)The Anabaptists
B)Martin Luther
C)Interests of the Catholic Church
D)John Calvin

Question 40

In his Self-Portrait , Durer's hand position may be a reference to ____.

A)the artist's hand as a creative instrument
B)the Crucifixion
C)Protestant beliefs
D)his own ego

Question 41

How did patronage affect 16th-century French architecture? What were the motivations of the patrons? How did the architecture reflect the court and period? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 42

How did artists such as Pieter Aertsen and Pieter Bruegel reference contemporary concerns in their art?

Question 43

What might Holbein's portrait of The French Ambassadors be an allusion to?

Question 44

How does Dürer's Fall of Man ( Adam and Eve ) represent classical and northern traditions?

Question 45

How do the secular subjects of Netherlandish art provide a glimpse into the daily life and value of the citizens?

Question 46

Explain the impact Italy had on the work of Dürer. Include in your essay the assimilations as well as the changes, if any, Dürer made. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 47

How did the implications of Martin Luther affect the work of Matthias Grünewald and Albrecht Dürer? How did the work of each artist differ? How did each artist respond to Martin Luther? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 48

How does El Greco's View of Toledo depart from traditional landscape paintings?

Question 49

How did the Reformation affect the artists of 16th-century northern Europe and Spain? How did they respond to the Reformation? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 50

Describe the portraiture styles of Hans Holbein and Jean Clouet. How did they differ, if at all? What were the motivations of the patrons? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 51

How did Protestant views of religious art differ from Catholic views, and what effect did their views have on the appearance of their churches?

Question 52

What stylistic influences are apparent in the work of El Greco?

Question 53

Describe the significance of Francis I as an art patron.