Deck 12: Family: With Emphasis on the Aging Societies

Question 1

"Renewing life is a form of work, as fundamental to the perpetuation of society as the production of things." This statement relates to

A)productive work.
B)fertility.
C)reproductive work.
D)life chances.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

___________________ is one way people limit the number of relatives one must remember or keep in touch with

A)Conscious decisions
B)Contraceptives
C)Selective forgetting
D)An unconscious decision

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the United States, children classified as _______________ are most likely to live in secure parental employment households.

A)Hispanic
B)Native American
C)Black
D)White, non-Hispanic

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the United States, race and ethnic categories persist because most people "choose" partners that they believe belong to their own racial category. This practice is known as

A)polyandry
B)monogamy
C)endogamy
D)exogamy

Question 5

The family serves the purpose of socializing the young, regulating sexual behavior, and providing care and emotional support to its members. From a functionalist point of view, these are __________ of the family.

A)functions
B)dysfunctions
C)conflicts
D)purposes

Question 6

A social institution that binds people together through blood, marriage, law, and/or social norms is known as

A)kinship.
B)family.
C)matrilineal heritage.
D)marriage.

Question 7

Marissa lives with her boyfriend and their two young children. Marissa's parents express their disappointment that Marissa and her boyfriend are not married. Her parents are using the definition of the ____________ family to judge her living arrangements.

A)modernized
B)matrilocal
C)natural
D)ideal

Question 8

A conflict theorist would argue that families are structured to

A)value reproductive work.
B)confer social status that is unequal.
C)provide care and emotional support.
D)perpetuate social equality.

Question 9

Sara marries someone of the same religion as herself. She has followed the norm of

A)patrilocal groups.
B)endogamy.
C)exogamy.
D)monogamy.

Question 10

At one time (before 1967), the United States had laws prohibiting marriages between people classified as white and black. Those laws enforced

A)polyandry.
B)monogamy.
C)endogamy.
D)exogamy.

Question 11

A husband, his wife, and their two-year-old son are traveling by plane. The husband is holding his screaming son. A male passenger turns around and remarks, "Why doesn't the mother take care of the baby?" The passenger is conveying his belief that women do the ___________ work.

A)reproductive
B)productive
C)life chance
D)fertility

Question 12

People make decisions about which kin they will acknowledge as family and which kin they will "forget." This process is known as

A)amnesia and recall.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)selective remembering and forgetting.
D)differential association.

Question 13

Hector argues that he is marrying Maria for love. His choice of spouse can be classified as

A)arranged.
B)romantic.
C)endogamy.
D)exogamy.

Question 14

The average number of children that a woman must bear to sustain the size of an existing population is

A)one.
B)2.1
C)3.1
D)4.1

Question 15

The family passes on social privileges and social disadvantages to its members, thereby perpetuating the system of inequality. This viewpoint coincides with which one of the following sociological perspectives?

A)symbolic interaction
B)conflict theory
C)functionalist
D)structural strain theory

Question 16

A functionalist would argue that families are structured to

A)devalue reproductive work.
B)maintain and perpetuate social inequalities.
C)replace the members of society who die.
D)foster racial divisions and boundaries.

Question 17

Child bearing, care giving, managing households, and educating children fall under the category of

A)productive work.
B)reproductive work.
C)life chances.
D)housework.

Question 18

Sociologist Kingsley Davis wrote about an economic arrangement in which the man's economic role was the link between the family and the wider market economy, and the woman's role was confined to running the household. Davis called that economic arrangement the

A)fortified households.
B)breadwinner system.
C)advanced market household.
D)traditional system.

Question 19

A husband's decision not to hand his crying son to his wife, and his wife's decision not to take the crying child away from her husband represent the couple's commitment to

A)raising their child in a genderless household.
B)reverse parenting roles.
C)share reproductive work.
D)share productive work.

Question 20

Ji-wu lives in a household where his father is unemployed, but his mother works 35 hours per week at a job she has held for five years. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Ji-wu lives in a household with

A)a dead-beat dad.
B)poverty-level income.
C)insecure parental employment.
D)secure parental employment.

Question 21

Caregiving that family members, neighbors, and friends provide in a home setting is

A)formal care.
B)familial care.
C)informal care.
D)institutionalized care.

Question 22

Juku is a Japanese term for

A)the single life.
B)a childless life.
C)cram schools.
D)welfare-reform.

Question 23

In Japan, the population of working single adults (22 and older)that live with their parents while contributing little to household expenses is known as

A)the baby boomlet.
B)spoiled singles.
C)parasite singles.
D)mama's boys and girls.

Question 24

In a(n)_________________ women can enter relationships offering income and other personal achievements.

A)low-technological tribal society
B)fortified household
C)private household
D)advanced market economy

Question 25

Sociologist Kingsley Davis traced the initial rise in the divorce rate in the United States to the breadwinner system but specifically to

A)the two-income system.
B)increased employment opportunities for women.
C)the shift of economic production to outside the home.
D)women's entry into the labor market.

Question 26

In a(n)_______________, the available technology does not permit the creation of surplus wealth.

A)low-technological tribal society
B)fortified household
C)private household
D)advanced market economy

Question 27

The statement "The honored male is one who can protect his property and conquer others' property" is associated with

A)low-technological tribal societies.
B)fortified households.
C)private households.
D)advanced market economies.

Question 28

The ie family system in Japan was abolished during what time period?

A)after WWI
B)in the year 2000
C)after WWII, when the U.S. occupied Japan
D)during the economic crisis of the 1990s

Question 29

The juku pressure is stressful for everyone involved, but especially for

A)children.
B)fathers.
C)grandparents.
D)mothers.

Question 30

The statement "Marriage between men and women from different families does little to increase a family's wealth or political power" is associated with

A)low-technological tribal societies.
B)fortified households.
C)private households.
D)advanced market economies.

Question 31

We know that the Industrial Revolution separated the workplace from the home and altered the division of labor between men and women. More specifically,

A)the woman came to produce most of what her family consumed.
B)the economic value of women and children increased.
C)the man became the link between the family and the wider market economy.
D)the man's role changed from stressful to carefree.

Question 32

The statement "Men assume the role of breadwinner" is associated with

A)low-technological tribal societies.
B)fortified households.
C)private households.
D)advanced market economies.

Question 33

The dramatic drop in the fertility rate in Japan can be attributed to all but which one of the following factors?

A)the fall of the ie family system
B)the rise of the breadwinner system
C)equal opportunity for women in labor market
D)the rise of the "parasite single"

Question 34

Ming drops by her neighbor's house every morning to check on a woman who cannot get out. Ming is engaged in

A)informal care.
B)formal care.
C)caregiver burden.
D)sociological ambivalence.

Question 35

In a(n)______________ there is no police force or militia; the household is an armed unit.

A)low-technological tribal society
B)fortified household
C)private household
D)advanced market economy

Question 36

Sociologist Randall Collins argues that women must __________ if they are to be men's equals.

A)be valued as mothers
B)have access to combat roles in the military
C)have access to the police
D)become involved in athletics at an early age

Question 37

Under the ie system,

A)a daughter was viewed as a permanent family member until she married.
B)a bride was known as the "bride of the family," not the bride of her husband.
C)a wife served and obeyed her parents.
D)a married woman was responsible for caring for her parents.

Question 38

The breadwinner system that Davis described did not last because it placed too much strain on husbands and wives. The strain stemmed from all but one of the following sources:

A)never before had the roles of husband and wife been so distant.
B)never before had women played such an indirect role in producing what the family consumed.
C)never before had men had it so easy relative to the role of women.
D)never before had men had to bear the sole responsibility of supporting the family.

Question 39

Sociologist Randall Collins maintains that the ideology of __________ is at the heart of sexual stratification.

A)sexual property
B)gender polarization
C)sexism
D)capitalism

Question 40

Under this system, "the man's economic role became, in one sense, more important to the family, for he was the link between the family and the wider market economy." This system is

A)the extended family.
B)the dual income family.
C)the breadwinner system.
D)traditional households.

Question 41

Which of the following is likely a contributing factor to Japan's low fertility rate?

A)people marry young
B)the Japanese government provides many services to help care for the elderly population
C)women are expected to serve as primary caregivers to the young and old
D)Japanese women do not participate in the labor force

Question 42

Using concepts from the chapter, describe the household in which you grew up.

Question 43

Which of the following is TRUE with regards to an aging society?

A)the proportion of middle-aged and elderly steadily increases relative to younger age cohorts.
B)the proportion of younger and middle-aged increase relative to elderly cohorts.
C)the fertility rate increases to at least 2.5.
D)the proportion of people living beyond 65 decreases.

Question 44

What factors affect the total fertility rate in the number of children the average woman bears over her life time?

Question 45

When compared to the United States and Japan, Afghanistan has the __________ total fertility rate and the ____________ average life expectancy.

A)highest; highest
B)lowest; lowest
C)highest; lowest
D)lowest; highest

Question 46

What does it mean to live in an aging society? What challenges might a family expect to face?

Question 47

A society in which the number of years people can expect to live after age 65 increases and fertility rates decrease to below replacement level is

A)an aging society.
B)overpopulated.
C)a youth centered society.
D)bound for extinction.

Question 48

The dismantling of the ie family structure has contributed to the aging of Japanese society because

A)the elderly are more revered than they were under the ie family structure.
B)women are forced to work outside the home to make ends meet.
C)the ie family structure caused stress on women, resulting in a lower life expectancy.
D)caregiving responsibilities are placed primarily on women, who may choose not to have children as a result.

Question 49

Feminist theorists point out that, in the context of caregiving,

A)men are emotionally unable to be successful caregivers.
B)women are less likely than men to take advantage of family-friendly workplace policies.
C)men are completely free from strain and ambivalence.
D)men as a group are often given a 'legitimate excuse' to avoid caregiving.

Question 50

In Afghanistan, the family is the source of economic and social support because

A)social programs are not wanted.
B)there are very few public services.
C)males are not financially secure relative to women.
D)family structures are female-dominated.

Question 51

Japan is considered an aging society for all but which one of the following reasons?

A)high life expectancy
B)low birth rate
C)high fertility rate
D)low immigration rate

Question 52

In studying families, feminists

A)maintain that they cannot be studied apart from the larger economic and political structures in which they are embedded.
B)argue that the United States should adopt extended family living arrangements.
C)state that family structures are ultimately oppressive and should be abolished.
D)point out that the single-parent households should be out lawed.

Question 53

Imagine you are asked to present to a caregiver support group.What issues associated with care giving would you emphasize as critical?

Question 54

According to feminist theory, men who engage in caregiving often feel strain because

A)they are expected to take over caregiving responsibilities.
B)they are naturally inferior at caregiving tasks when compared with women.
C)their motives for taking on a caregiving role are often suspect.
D)they prefer to work outside of the home.

Question 55

Japan's population pyramid illustrates that Japan is an aging society because the

A)the age group that has the fewest number of men and women is the 60-64 cohort.
B)the 0-4 cohort is the largest cohort.
C)for the most part the older age cohorts outnumber the younger cohort.
D)the population is evenly distributed across all age groups.

Question 56

Noriko is a young, single Japanese woman who works full time, but continues to live with her parents because she doesn't want the stresses involved with having a family of her own. Sociologist Masahiro Yamada would call Noriko a(n)

A)juku .
B)millennial.
C)selfish woman.
D)parasite single.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the number of children women "choose" to have over the course of their reproductive life?

A)infant and maternal mortality rates
B)life expectancy
C)divorce rate
D)projected caregiving responsibilities

Question 58

___________ has the highest percentage of population age 65 and older in the world.

A)China.
B)Japan.
C)Afghanistan.
D)the United States.

Question 59

Identify five forces affecting the structure of the family.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a response to Japan's low birth rate?

A)government sponsored artificial insemination programs
B)urgent appeals for couples to have more babies
C)condemning young people for being selfish if they choose not to have children
D)policies making it easier for women to pursue a career and raise children