Deck 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood

Question 1

Kalya considers herself more than an adolescent but not yet fully an adult. This would qualify her as being in the state known as ____ adulthood.

A) tween
B) passage
C) emerging
D) formal

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Who is MOST likely experiencing a "quarter-life crisis?"

A) 82-year-old Dominica, whose spouse just died
B) 62-year-old Kitt, who just retired
C) 42-year-old Lucia, who just had a baby
D) 22-year-old Aruba, who just graduated from college

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In most non-Western developing cultures, ____ is the most important determinant of adult status.

A) completing college
B) marriage
C) getting a job
D) having a child

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The _____ is not fully developed until the mid-twenties.

A) hippocampus
B) thalamus
C) prefrontal cortex
D) amygdala

Question 5

The desire to live life more fully by experiencing physically and emotionally threatening situations is known as:

A) multidimensionality.
B) a rite of passage.
C) edgework.
D) plasticity.

Question 6

Which of 26-year-old Tonya's characteristics would qualify her as being a "returning adult student?"

A) The fact that she is leaving a job
B) Her age
C) The fact that she is the first in her family to go to school
D) Her sex

Question 7

Which markers BEST describe the transition into adulthood in most Western societies?

A) Markers that are loosely defined and can consist of any number of events
B) No markers, as adulthood is not viewed as unique time of life in most Western cultures
C) Markers that are specific and tied to marriage and/or having children
D) Markers that are differ by sex, with female transition clearly defined and male transition loosely defined

Question 8

The youngest age at which most colleges label an individual as a returning adult student is ____.

A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

Question 9

Which of these is NOT documented as evidence of student development while in college?

A) Advances in intellectual development
B) Advances in social identity
C) Advances in emotional concerns
D) Advances in personal development

Question 10

Research on Erikson's theory of identity and intimacy produced which conclusion?

A) There are set pathways to achieving both identity and intimacy.
B) There are several ways to achieve identity, but only one way to achieve intimacy.
C) There is only one way to achieve identity, but there are several ways to achieve intimacy.
D) There are multiple pathways to achieving identity and intimacy.

Question 11

Role transitions always:

A) occur at the same age for individuals within a given cultural population.
B) involve family relationships.
C) lead to significant increases in stress.
D) involve the acquisition of new responsibilities.

Question 12

Who would Erikson say is MOST capable of true intimacy?

A) Cindy, who is overdependent on her boyfriend
B) Burt, who will go out with different people but finds it scary to go out with someone more than a couple of times
C) Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity
D) Harrison, who is 16 years old

Question 13

In what way do men differ from women in edgework?

A) Men use less rehearsal
B) Women use less rehearsal
C) Men are less confident
D) Women have fewer qualms

Question 14

As a female growing up in a Latino culture, Luanna will likely experience _____ on her fifteenth birthday.

A) quinceanera
B) confirmation
C) marriage
D) legal adulthood

Question 15

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) Many formal rites of passage are associated with religion.
B) Shedding of formal rites of passage leaves less clarity to the point at which a young person becomes an adult.
C) Defining oneself as an adult rests on one's perception of whether personally relevant key criteria have been met.
D) Achieving adulthood is faster today than in the past.

Question 16

One of the MOST common markers of adulthood in the United States is:

A) the initiation into a fraternity or sorority.
B) getting a driver's license.
C) confirmation.
D) completing one's education.

Question 17

Which individual has likely resolved intimacy issues before identity issues?

A) A high school student who is picking out a college at 17
B) A man who joined the work force at 18, and got married at 25
C) A woman who married at 22, had children, and went to college at 30
D) A woman who joined the military at 20

Question 18

Nicola is 18 years old and engages in many risky behaviors. For example, she drives very fast and recklessly, and does not use any protection when having sex. If Nicola is a typical adolescent, these behaviors will ____ when she gets older.

A) significantly increase in frequency
B) slightly increase in frequency
C) remain at the same frequency level
D) decrease in frequency

Question 19

Yacef suddenly finds himself newly married and out of school with a new job. Yacef is experiencing:

A) role transition.
B) reflective judgment.
C) possible selves.
D) fluid intelligence.

Question 20

A rite of passage is BEST classified as a(n):

A) implicit stereotype.
B) biological event.
C) reflective judgment.
D) ritual.

Question 21

All four of these people successfully quit smoking. Which person's method was MOST typical of successful quitters?

A) Monett, who went to a treatment center
B) Chuck, who went to a psychologist
C) Mark, who went to his minister
D) Wendy, who quit on her own

Question 22

Jimmy goes to a party with his college buddies and has six beers in a row. Jimmy's behavior would be BEST classified as:

A) alcoholism.
B) light drinking.
C) binge drinking.
D) purge drinking.

Question 23

Which statement by 25-year-old Flossie, who is typical for a person of her age, is most likely FALSE ?

A) "I am as strong as I will ever be."
B) "I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be."
C) "My reflexes are as fast as they will ever be."
D) "My height has likely reached its peak."

Question 24

The MOST likely sensory change between ages 25 and 50 would involve:

A) the loss of ability to taste sour foods.
B) a diminished ability to experience pain.
C) having trouble seeing things that are near.
D) the inability to hear high-pitched sounds.

Question 25

Sixty-year-old Norbert says, "When I was a teenager, I could eat five big meals a day and still feel hungry. Now a couple of snacks can get me through the day." What BEST accounts for this age-related change?

A) Lower metabolic rate
B) Higher blood sugar
C) Drop in thiamine level
D) Addition of muscle mass

Question 26

People who quit smoking after smoking for a long time:

A) may not get worse, but their overall health will remain bad.
B) show significant improvements in their health.
C) will continue to deteriorate but at a slower rate.
D) will remain at risk for heart attack but not for cancer.

Question 27

Which of these people could be classified as being a binge drinker?

A) Sarah, who drank three shots of tequila in a row within the past two weeks
B) Susan, who drank four beers in a row within the past two weeks
C) Scott, who drank four shots of scotch in a row within the past two weeks
D) Sarah, Susan, and Scott all reach the criterion for binge drinking.

Question 28

Bernice is very interested in studying how the energy needs of the human body change through the life span. In other words, Bernice is interested in studying:

A) cholesterol.
B) metabolism.
C) lipoproteins.
D) addiction.

Question 29

Gallo drinks exactly two glasses of wine per day. As a result, Gallo can expect to:

A) end up in a treatment center for alcoholism.
B) be at risk for cardiovascular disease.
C) be labeled a binge drinker.
D) experience some health-related benefits from his actions.

Question 30

Which of these is NOT among the three main treatment options for alcohol abuse?

A) Mutual-support groups
B) Incarceration
C) Behavioral treatments
D) Medications

Question 31

Based on statistics, which of these 30-year-old adults is MOST likely to die within a year?

A) Buster, a European American male
B) Tamarick, an African American male
C) John, an Asian American male
D) Nik, a Native American male

Question 32

Which approach to diminishing binge drinking on college campuses is NOT considered among the most effective strategies?

A) Student involvement in designing the intervention program
B) Programs that focus on social norms
C) Changing the campus climate concerning alcohol consumption
D) Efforts based on limiting access to alcohol

Question 33

At a chemical level, alcohol addiction results in chemical changes that:

A) cause the body to crave alcohol.
B) destroy all GABA receptors.
C) reduce levels of serotonin and dopamine within the brain.
D) increase cellular development in the medulla oblongata.

Question 34

In the United States, about ____ percent of young adults ages 25 to 44 consume alcohol occasionally.

A) 90
B) 65
C) 30
D) 15

Question 35

Which statement concerning secondhand smoke is TRUE?

A) There is no evidence that secondhand smoke leads to any health problems.
B) Secondhand smoke exposure can lead to death.
C) Less than one-fifth of Americans have been exposed to secondhand smoke.
D) Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to die from lung cancer than from cardiovascular disease.

Question 36

Young adult men aged 25 to 34 are:

A) 2.5 times as likely to die as women of the same age.
B) 5 times as likely to die as women of the same age.
C) half as likely to die as women of the same age.
D) just as likely to die as women of the same age.

Question 37

Smoking represents a major medical problem in the United States, with about ____ people each year dying from smoking-related disorders.

A) 4,000
B) 40,000
C) 400,000
D) 4,000,000

Question 38

Who is MOST likely to be a binge drinker?

A) Jamaal, who is very emotionally expressive
B) Ryan, who is a member of a fraternity
C) Leslie, who works part-time
D) Emily, who studies approximately five hours per day

Question 39

Richard has just been told by his physician that he should cut back on the amount of fat in his diet. His physician is MOST likely concerned about the high amount of ____ in Richard's blood.

A) vitamin D
B) high-density lipoproteins
C) low-density lipoproteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 40

Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she doesn't drink. Amanda's experience with alcohol would be BEST described as:

A) alcohol use disorder.
B) a rite of passage.
C) binge drinking.
D) healthy behavior.

Question 41

Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?

A) Gomez, who is a high school dropout
B) Morticia, who is a high school graduate
C) Wednesday, who is a college dropout
D) Fester, who is a college graduate

Question 42

A doctor is MOST likely to recommend that a patient consume higher levels of ____ to increase their HDL level.

A) fiber
B) fat
C) sodium
D) yogurt

Question 43

The fact that a specific aspect of intelligence can be modified at any time during the life span exemplifies the concept of:

A) interindividual variability.
B) plasticity.
C) multidimensionality.
D) primary mental abilities.

Question 44

The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over:

A) the number of abilities that underlie intelligence.
B) the degree to which race determines intelligence.
C) which single aspect of intellect specifically defines intelligence.
D) whether an individual's level of intelligence can be measured.

Question 45

Who is likely to be the LEAST healthy?

A) Thales, who lives in poverty
B) Jose, who is a college graduate
C) Luzia, who is African American
D) Fabio, who is very wealthy

Question 46

The fact that Molly's spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved is support for the notion that intelligence is:

A) conventional.
B) multidimensional.
C) multidirectional.
D) a life-span construct.

Question 47

____ help keep arteries clear.

A) Trans fats
B) Serotonin
C) High-density lipoproteins
D) Steroids

Question 48

A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy her patient is. She uses a formula that contains information regarding the patient's height and weight. What is she most likely measuring?

A) LDL
B) BMI
C) HDL
D) ADA

Question 49

An individual with a BMI of ____ or less is considered healthy.

A) 24
B) 34
C) 44
D) 54

Question 50

Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack?

A) Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
B) Tucker, who has low level of LDLs and high levels of HDLs
C) Sawyer, who has low levels of both LDLs and HDLs
D) Gump, who has high levels of both LDLs and HDLs

Question 51

Lai and Mei are sisters. As they have gotten older, Lai's cognitive skills have improved while Mei's have declined. This is evidence for the ____ of abilities.

A) multidimensionality
B) multidirectionality
C) interindividual variability
D) Plasticity

Question 52

Based solely on their BMI, how many of these individuals are at risk for health-related diseases: Dick, BMI = 20; Flick, BMI = 40; Hick, BMI = 60; Nick, BMI = 80?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 53

Socioeconomic status and ____ are the two MOST important social influences on health.

A) education
B) occupation
C) marital status
D) religious status

Question 54

Intellectual multidirectionality is based on the premise that:

A) no two people develop the same way intellectually.
B) there is more than one kind of intelligence.
C) most aspects of intelligence cannot be modified.
D) with age, some aspects of intelligence improve while others may decline.

Question 55

Evidence for interindividual variability in intelligence is BEST demonstrated when:

A) a single test of intelligence is based on assessing many different abilities.
B) the same individual shows improvement in language skills while showing declines in math skills.
C) an individual's singing improves after taking singing lessons.
D) one individual's reasoning skills improve with age while another's decline with age.

Question 56

Kali has a theory of intelligence that views it as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali's theory is:

A) multidirectional.
B) multidimensional.
C) conventional.
D) a life-span construct.

Question 57

In the United States, the poorest health conditions are found in those living in:

A) inner-city neighborhoods.
B) the South.
C) ethnic neighborhoods.
D) nursing homes.

Question 58

Sheryl's physician Dr. Crow has just indicated that she needs to begin to take statins. If Dr. Crow is competent, he would know that Sheryl:

A) suffers from clinically depression.
B) has just been diagnosed with ADHD.
C) suffers from alcoholism.
D) has a high level of LDL.

Question 59

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between LDLs and HDLs?

A) LDLs break down HDLs.
B) HDLs break down LDLs.
C) LDLs transform into HDLs.
D) HDLs transform into LDLs.

Question 60

Low-density lipoproteins:

A) clear fat deposits from arteries.
B) create sickle-shaped blood cells.
C) cause fatty deposits that can lead to blocked arteries.
D) are found in high concentrations in many green vegetables.

Question 61

Dr. Merchant points to a picture of elephants and asks a patient to describe what they see in the picture. Dr. Merchant is probably assessing:

A) verbal meaning.
B) number.
C) word fluency.
D) inductive reasoning.

Question 62

The _____ approach studies how interrelationships among intellectual abilities are organized.

A) psychometric
B) organic
C) emergent
D) reflective

Question 63

The ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts is called:

A) deductive reasoning.
B) inductive reasoning.
C) word meaning.
D) factual knowledge.

Question 64

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Secondary mental abilities are measured indirectly.
B) Primary mental abilities subsume secondary mental ability.
C) Secondary mental abilities develop in childhood, and primary mental abilities develop in adulthood.
D) Primary mental abilities develop in childhood, and secondary mental abilities develop in adulthood.

Question 65

According to Schaie's research, the fact that most 60-year-olds today would score higher on an intelligence test than a group of 60-year-olds would have in 1940 is BEST explained by a cohort effect involving:

A) age.
B) educational experience.
C) heredity.
D) drop-out rate.

Question 66

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the ____ research design he invented.

A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) sequential
D) postformal

Question 67

A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "With a little training, I think that you could learn to throw a knuckleball." This provides a good example of a belief in the ____ of an ability.

A) multidimensionality
B) plasticity
C) multidirectionality
D) fluid nature

Question 68

If you wanted to show that age decreases a certain type of intelligence, you should focus on testing participants':

A) general intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) crystallized intelligence.
D) primary intelligence.

Question 69

Which type of task is BEST suited to assessing fluid intelligence?

A) A trivial contest
B) A timed maze completion
C) A test of cultural norms
D) A vocabulary test

Question 70

Mr. Vanderlay's talents as an architect are mostly due to his ability to visualize buildings in three dimensions as they are being designed. This suggests that Mr. Vanderlay has outstanding ____ abilities.

A) inductive reasoning
B) spatial orientation
C) word fluency
D) number

Question 71

Fluid intelligence consists of abilities that:

A) allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking.
B) are acquired throughout the life span.
C) are considered primary mental abilities but not secondary mental abilities.
D) include verbal skills but not inductive or abstract thinking.

Question 72

Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as _____ is to _____.

A) vocabulary size; assembling a puzzle
B) a quiz; an exam
C) genius; smart
D) math; language

Question 73

Cam has never seen an American football game. After watching about 20 plays, however, he is able to accurately describe the general premise of the game. This ability suggests that Cam is skilled at:

A) inductive reasoning.
B) number interpretation.
C) verbal meaning.
D) spatial orientation.

Question 74

Which is NOT a "primary mental ability?"

A) Number
B) Inductive reasoning
C) Spatial orientation
D) Fluid intelligence

Question 75

Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as _____ is to _____.

A) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
B) child; adult
C) specific; general
D) conventional; postconventional

Question 76

Dr. Ique has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. What would be the BEST title for Dr. Ique's lecture?

A) Plasticity Forever
B) You and Your Primary Mental Abilities
C) Rites of Passage Around the World
D) Avoiding Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 77

Webster loves playing any game in which he can show off the large vocabulary that he has acquired. A competent psychologist would suggest that this skill provides the BEST example of:

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) postconventional thought.
C) fluid intelligence.
D) preconventional thought.

Question 78

Even though Jennings is only 22 years old, he is already the "king of trivia." If Jennings is typical, his ability to do well in trivia games will MOST likely:

A) decline with age.
B) remain the same throughout his life.
C) increase with age.
D) increase until he is about 40, then decline dramatically.

Question 79

Someone who knows the answers to all the questions on a quiz show would be exhibiting:

A) fluid intelligence.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) postformal thought.
D) reflective judgment.

Question 80

Crystallized intelligence is:

A) acquired across one's life.
B) best exemplified by sensory integration.
C) not very useful in solving real-life tasks.
D) best assessed on timed, standardized IQ tests.