Deck 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement

Question 1

Who is clinically dead?

A) John, who is not responsive to pain
B) Naomi, who is not breathing and whose heart is not beating
C) Helga, who exhibits no cortical functioning
D) John, Naomi, and Helga would all be considered clinically dead.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After an accident, Steve's heart is not beating and he has stopped breathing. Steve is:

A) whole-brain dead.
B) mourning.
C) in a persistent vegetative state.
D) clinically dead.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

By definition, euthanasia is the practice of ending life for reasons of:

A) mercy.
B) health.
C) speed.
D) religiosity.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A person in a persistent vegetative state would be:

A) considered clinically dead.
B) capable of keeping their heart beating without consciousness.
C) able to engage in primitive thought.
D) considered whole-brain dead.

Question 5

The rituals of the Muscogee Creek tribe include digging graves by hand and throwing a handful of dirt onto the grave before covering it. What do tribe members call the act of throwing a handful of dirt onto the grave?

A) "Ritual burying"
B) The "final meal"
C) The "magic touch"
D) A "farewell handshake"

Question 6

Which of these is NOT part of the definition of active euthanasia?

A) Deliberate act of ending a life
B) Based on statement by an individual who wants to die
C) Decision made by someone with legal authority to do so
D) Must involve individual in persistent vegetative state or whole-brain dead

Question 7

Dr. Rahman has made a career out of studying mercy killing and new surgical options to extend life. She is MOST likely interested in:

A) grief.
B) death as a statistic.
C) bioethics.
D) death as an object.

Question 8

Bioethics concerns the interface between human values and technological advances in:

A) philosophy.
B) health and life sciences.
C) religion.
D) computer science.

Question 9

The study of death, dying, grief, bereavement, and social attitudes toward these issues is called:

A) mourning.
B) thanatology.
C) psychology.
D) the life span of death.

Question 10

The definition of death:

A) varies within and between cultures.
B) is the same for everyone within a culture.
C) is the same across all cultures.
D) never changes.

Question 11

Individuals in permanent comas or persistent vegetative states:

A) are considered dead, both clinically and according to the whole-brain standard of death.
B) are considered dead by the clinical, but not the whole-brain, standard of death.
C) will not regain consciousness, but do not meet the whole-brain standard of death.
D) will regain consciousness, but do not meet the whole-brain standard of death.

Question 12

When a death occurs, ____ traditionally cover the mirrors in the house.

A) Muscogee Creek tribes people
B) Orthodox Jews
C) Greeks
D) Cubans

Question 13

Jac is living in Ghana and is said to be dying a "good death." This means that he:

A) is in his teens.
B) has made peace with his friends and family.
C) will take his own life.
D) has sacrificed an animal to the "god of the living."

Question 14

When attempting to determine if someone is "whole-brain dead," a physician would be LEAST likely to ask:

A) "Do the brain cells still contain neurotransmitters?"
B) "Does the body respond to a pinprick?"
C) "Has there been any movement for the past hour?"
D) "Is the person in a coma?"

Question 15

Dr. Kelly has just purposely killed a patient by injecting her with a lethal amount of medication. This patient had an incurable illness and requested to die rather than go through a long, painful treatment. This is an example of:

A) clinical death.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) active euthanasia.
D) inducing a persistent vegetative state.

Question 16

Which person is struggling MOST with a bioethical issue?

A) Edward, who is trying to make a decision about turning off his wife's life-support machine.
B) Charles, who is in a persistent vegetative state
C) Henry, whose wife recently died from cancer
D) Arthur, who is giving a "farewell handshake"

Question 17

Dr. Axle teaches bioethics. What lecture title would be MOST representative of his field?

A) "The Reliability of the Electroencephalogram"
B) "Pupillary Responses in Rats"
C) "Mercy Killing: Legal or Illegal?"
D) "Axons and Dendrites: Synaptic Partners"

Question 18

The permanent stoppage of all brainstem reflexes is one of the criteria for:

A) clinical death.
B) euthanasia.
C) whole-brain death.
D) death as a mystery.

Question 19

Susan's cortical functioning has ceased, but her brain stem is still active. Susan would be BEST described as:

A) in a persistent vegetative state.
B) whole-brain dead.
C) clinically dead.
D) consciously aware.

Question 20

Which man-made structure BEST illustrates the variations in the customs surrounding death?

A) The White House in Washington D.C.
B) Sears Tower in Chicago
C) The Taj Mahal in India
D) The Colosseum in Rome

Question 21

Which is the BEST example of active euthanasia?

A) Administering a drug overdose
B) Pulling the plug on a respirator
C) Not performing a potentially life-saving surgery
D) Withdrawing an experimental drug that might prevent a disorder

Question 22

Brent has been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Today, he spent hours praying: "Please, I'll do anything. Just give me one more chance. I'm so sorry. I'll be the best person, just please give me another chance." Brent is MOST likely in the ____ stage of dying.

A) bargaining
B) acceptance
C) depression
D) denial

Question 23

A(n) ____ is often used to describe the duration of time between the onset of dying and death itself.

A) death trajectory
B) end-of-life scenario
C) hospice
D) final scenario

Question 24

According to research presented in your text, understanding how adults deal with death is probably best understood from the perspective of ____ theory.

A) cognitive-developmental
B) attachment
C) psychoanalytic
D) terror management

Question 25

Stacey has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. She is currently going to different doctors to determine whether her diagnosis is correct. Stacey is probably in the ____ stage of dying.

A) depression
B) anger
C) denial
D) bargaining

Question 26

Dr. Steinmetz decides to follow the wishes of her patient and withhold treatment for the patient's terminal cancer, thus allowing the patient to die. This is an example of:

A) a near-death experience.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) bioethics.
D) active euthanasia.

Question 27

Devin has been told he only has a few more months to live. He is totally unable to deal with people, because he knows everyone he sees is going to outlive him. "It's not fair. Why is this happening to me?" is something he says over and over to himself. He feels frustrated and alone. He is MOST likely in the ____ stage of dying.

A) depression
B) anger
C) denial
D) bargaining

Question 28

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying was initially developed as a research project:

A) investigating how the terminally ill cope with dying.
B) probing into the suffering of inmates at Holocaust death camps.
C) designed to determine the impact of hospice care.
D) testing the effectiveness of an antidepressant medication.

Question 29

Which would have a terminal phase with the longest trajectory?

A) Death due to a massive stroke
B) Death due to breast cancer
C) Death due to a car accident
D) Death due to sudden heart failure

Question 30

After Maxine was in a severe car accident, her parents were informed that she was brain dead but could be kept alive if she was put on a respirator immediately. Her family's decision to not put her on the respirator would be considered:

A) a durable power of attorney.
B) active euthanasia.
C) murder.
D) passive euthanasia.

Question 31

According to Oregon's physician-assisted suicide law:

A) only older adults can request this procedure.
B) people who have a terminal illness can voluntarily request a lethal dose of medication.
C) family members must request this procedure in person.
D) the deadly drugs must be administered directly by a physician.

Question 32

Koua feels guilty and ashamed over the fact that she has AIDS and how her terminal illness is affecting her family. Kübler-Ross would argue that Koua is in the ____ stage of dying.

A) anger
B) depression
C) denial
D) bargaining

Question 33

Most people confront the death of their parents when they are:

A) adolescents.
B) young adults.
C) middle-aged.
D) elderly.

Question 34

What is the correct sequence of Kübler-Ross's original "five stages of dying"?

A) Depression, acceptance, denial, bargaining, anger
B) Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
C) Anger, depression, denial, acceptance, bargaining
D) Bargaining, denial, acceptance, anger, depression

Question 35

One of the first countries to officially legalize physician-assisted suicide is:

A) The United States
B) China
C) Brazil
D) The Netherlands

Question 36

Death anxiety would likely be the lowest for:

A) Sally, who is 80 years old.
B) Jesse, who is 45 years old.
C) Rikki, who is 30 years old.
D) Lake, who is 21 years old.

Question 37

The first Supreme Court case on passive euthanasia involved a case in which a family wanted to allow Nancy Cruzan to die by:

A) taking her off a respirator.
B) giving her a lethal injection.
C) letting her take a lethal dose of medication.
D) ending force feedings.

Question 38

What originally led to Brittany Maynard's life-threatening medical condition?

A) Car accident
B) A difficult pregnancy
C) Terminal brain cancer
D) Side effects from treatment for cancer

Question 39

Which U.S. state passed the first law legalizing physician-assisted suicide?

A) California
B) Oregon
C) Washington
D) Idaho

Question 40

Sandy knows she is going to die in a few months. She seems calm and concerned more about how to help her family deal with her death than with her own mortality. She seems to be disconnecting herself from people and things and at peace. Sandy is MOST likely in the ____ stage of dying.

A) denial
B) bargaining
C) depression
D) acceptance

Question 41

A person who helps ease the passage through death and makes sure that dying people are not alone is known as a:

A) nurse.
B) case worker.
C) death doula.
D) suicide assistant.

Question 42

As a hospice staff member, you would be LEAST likely to hear your supervisor say:

A) "We must make every effort to satisfy the realistic life goals of our clients."
B) "Inform the clients that it is OK to end their relationships before they die."
C) "Be sure to inform clients that they can have as many drugs to relieve pain as they need."
D) "Remember that fear is a natural part of the dying process, so you should try and encourage it in the clients."

Question 43

Who is an example of someone using the MOST common way of dealing with death anxiety?

A) Jean, who is becoming more fearful the older she gets
B) Martin, who lives life to the fullest
C) Norma, who seeks professional counseling
D) Louis, who becomes more committed to his church

Question 44

Death anxiety:

A) consists solely of the component of fear.
B) is very hard to measure.
C) appears independent from pain, punishment, and humiliation.
D) is expressed identically in public and private settings.

Question 45

According to ____ theory, the primary motive of humans is to ensure that life continues.

A) attachment
B) Kübler-Ross's stage
C) cognitive-developmental
D) terror management

Question 46

Afi is terminally ill. She is being sent to an institution that provides for people who are dying and their families. Afi is most likely being sent to a(n):

A) skilled care nursing home.
B) hospital.
C) hospice.
D) intermediate care nursing home.

Question 47

When compared to terminally-ill hospital patients, hospice patients are more likely to be:

A) mobile.
B) anxious.
C) depressed.
D) avoided by a spouse.

Question 48

Hospice care takes a ____ approach, which is focused on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of disease at any point during the disease process.

A) euthanasia-centered
B) physician-assisted suicide
C) palliative care
D) hospital care

Question 49

What is the MOST likely complaint of a hospice client?

A) "Everyone is too worried about my pain and not worried enough about my religious beliefs."
B) "Why is the hospice movement against dying at home?"
C) "Why is my family discouraged from seeing me?"
D) "How come I have to have cancer or AIDS to qualify for hospice care?"

Question 50

Making one's choices known about how one want one's life to end constitutes one's:

A) final scenario.
B) end-of-life issues.
C) death anxiety.
D) passive euthanasia.

Question 51

Bernie is trying to decide whether or not to be cremated. This best exemplifies:

A) a final scenario.
B) an end-of-life issue.
C) bioethics.
D) grief work as rumination.

Question 52

Ninety-year-old Albert is terminally ill and has decided to die at home. He has also decided that he would like to have visits from a nurse who can provide assistance in making his process of dying more comfortable. This indicates that Albert is involved in ____ hospice care.

A) implicit
B) outpatient
C) passive
D) nonpalliative

Question 53

The hospice philosophy is best summarized as:

A) "prevent death at all costs."
B) "promote death with dignity."
C) "die a natural death (i.e., drugs have no place in death)."
D) "everyone should die at home."

Question 54

Corr (1991-1992) suggests that a dying individual must face four tasks (e.g., spiritual energy, bodily needs, psychological security). This approach views coping with death as a(n):

A) bioethical dilemma.
B) holistic process.
C) invariant sequence of reactions.
D) psychosomatic disorder.

Question 55

Bernie hates being around his older relatives because their frailty reminds him that someday he will grow old and die. This belief best fits with the ____ approach to dying.

A) death as an event
B) terror management theory
C) death as a mystery
D) Kübler-Ross

Question 56

You're buying a book that explains the contextual theory of dying. Which of these would MOST likely be the title for this book?

A) Understanding the Stages of Death
B) Physiological Criteria for Defining Death
C) Factors That Influence Coping with Death
D) A Task-Based Approach to Coping with Death

Question 57

All stage theories of dying are based on the notion that:

A) the faster the death trajectory, the better.
B) there are great cultural differences in the dying process.
C) there is a specific direction to the developmental pattern of reacting to one's death.
D) the unconscious mind plays a major role in death anxiety.

Question 58

In Kübler-Ross's original theory, the emotion of ____ was thought to immediately precede feelings of acceptance.

A) anger
B) euphoria
C) depression
D) resignation

Question 59

Before he dies, Juan is checking his insurance, rewriting his will, and making arrangements for his funeral. Juan is dealing with:

A) death anxiety.
B) bereavement.
C) end-of-life issues.
D) grief work.

Question 60

Jensen is dying. She is explaining to her family that she would like to spend her last days alone in her country home with just her husband. These arrangements are an example of:

A) passive euthanasia.
B) denial.
C) death anxiety.
D) a final scenario.

Question 61

Which of these is NOT a key consideration for exploring the hospice option?

A) Is the person completely informed about the nature and prognosis of his or her condition?
B) Are the family members ready for this person to die?
C) Are family members available to participate actively in terminal care?
D) How well do the people in the person's social network communicate with each other?

Question 62

Which aspect of death is MOST highly influenced by culture?

A) Bereavement
B) Grief
C) Mourning
D) Dying itself

Question 63

Before she died, Lee completed a document specifying her wishes to be taken off life support should she be in a position where she could not speak for herself and her recovery was all but impossible. Because the form did not give authority to anyone else to speak for her, Lee's document was MOST likely a(n):

A) living will.
B) EEG.
C) survey of near-death experiences.
D) durable power of attorney.

Question 64

In the country of Felixville, when someone's spouse dies, it is expected that the living spouse will walk around with a cat on top of his or her head for a week. In this country, the behavior would be considered:

A) normal grieving.
B) psychotic.
C) a mourning ritual.
D) passive bereavement.

Question 65

The feelings that arise after someone near us dies are called:

A) mourning.
B) grief.
C) docility.
D) bereavement.

Question 66

The grieving process is much ____ than most people believe it to be.

A) shorter
B) easier
C) less complex
D) longer

Question 67

While they differ in some respects, both a living will and a durable power of attorney:

A) identify someone to act on your behalf if you become incapacitated.
B) make it legal for a physician to perform active euthanasia.
C) allow others to know one's preferences concerning issues like whether you want to be put on life support.
D) cannot be written until a person is about to lose the ability to make his or her own decisions.

Question 68

Before another individual's death, some people go through a period of:

A) anticipatory grief.
B) grief work.
C) euthanasia.
D) anniversary reactions.

Question 69

Paula's husband is terminally ill and recently she finds herself crying whenever she looks at him. A likely explanation for Paula's reaction is:

A) anniversary reactions.
B) anticipatory grief.
C) grief work.
D) euthanasia.

Question 70

In order to determine if a person is cognitively or legally able to make end-of-life decisions, their ____ and ____ are assessed.

A) formal operations; intelligence
B) verbal skills; writing skills
C) intelligence; competency
D) capacity; competency

Question 71

Instead of conceptualizing the final stage of grief as "recovery," it might be better thought of as:

A) repression of the most damaging emotions.
B) learning to live with loss.
C) spiritual rejection.
D) active euthanasia.

Question 72

For most European Americans, ____ would be the BEST example of a mourning ritual.

A) being cremated
B) wearing black
C) having an open casket
D) writing a will

Question 73

Which is the best advice for an individual trying to overcome grief?

A) Strengthen ties to the deceased.
B) Repress the loss.
C) Express the emotions you feel.
D) Adopt ways of living identical to those used when the deceased was still alive.

Question 74

Chung is trying to get through numerous conflicting emotions and come to grips with his bereavement. Chung is involved in:

A) a near-death experience.
B) clinical death.
C) grief work.
D) passive euthanasia.

Question 75

Finding effective ways to say good-bye to the deceased is one way of:

A) strengthening ties to the deceased.
B) repressing the loss.
C) loosening ties to the deceased.
D) avoiding the emotions we feel after loss.

Question 76

Mourning is BEST defined as the way a person:

A) dies.
B) reflects on his or her own death.
C) feels after the death of a close friend.
D) expresses grief.

Question 77

Bereavement is best defined as the:

A) emotions expressed when we grieve.
B) rituals we go through when we grieve.
C) state or condition caused by loss through death.
D) condition created in one's self when we are dying.

Question 78

Which of these rights is NOT protected by the Patient Self-Determination Act?

A) The right to make their own health care decisions
B) The right to choose their own path of treatment
C) The right to accept or refuse medical treatment
D) The right to make an advance healthcare directive

Question 79

Nathan wants to be sure that, in the event he is incapable of communicating, no life support will be used even if doctors want to keep him alive. He also wants to give his wife the legal right to speak for him in that situation. In order to do all this with one document, Nathan should complete a(n):

A) living will.
B) healthcare power of attorney.
C) EEG.
D) survey of near-death experiences.

Question 80

Grief work is BEST defined as the:

A) physiological reaction to bereavement.
B) psychological coming of terms with bereavement.
C) social reaction to dying.
D) bioethical debate over dying.