Deck 31: Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

Question 1

Figure 31-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?

A) medusa
B) planula
C) miracidium
D) feeding polyp
E) polyp colony

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding collar cells?

A) They make up the inner layer of certain sponges.
B) The collar cell is an extension of the cell wall and consists of microvilli.
C) Collar cells create a water current that brings food and oxygen to the cells, and carries away carbon dioxide and other wastes.
D) Collar cells trap and phagocytize food particles.
E) Together, the collar cells of some sponges can pump a volume of water equal to the volume of the sponge each minute.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians?

A) They are mostly marine.
B) They have radial symmetry.
C) They have one body shape, known as medusa.
D) They have cells that contain stinging organelles.
E) There is only one opening into the gastrovascular cavity.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cnidarians?

A) They are less highly organized than sponges.
B) They have an ectoderm only (no endoderm).
C) They have a nerve net.
D) They have true muscle cells.
E) They do not have a hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 5

Figure 31-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Asexual reproduction is occurring at which point?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 7
E) 9

Question 6

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

A) amebocytes
B) collar cells
C) spongin
D) spicules
E) oscula

Question 7

Figure 31-3 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures labeled as 1 are used for:

A) feeding
B) reproduction
C) attachment
D) movement
E) protection

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding ctenophores?

A) They are an important part of plankton.
B) They are distinct from the species known as comb jelly.
C) They are biradially symmetrical.
D) They do not have stinging nematocysts.
E) They have a nervous system.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian?

A) sea anemones
B) sponges
C) corals
D) sea fans
E) cubozoans

Question 10

Figure 31-3 ​

Which of the following is characteristic of nemerteans?

A) Most burrow in dry soil.
B) They have wide bodies.
C) They have no proboscis.
D) They are all less than 1 cm in length.
E) They have no heart.

Question 11

Where does digestion in a sponge takes place?

A) spicule
B) osculum
C) mesophyll
D) spongocoel
E) individual cells

Question 12

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Ctenophora
D) Mollusca
E) Arthropoda

Question 13

Ctenophores capture food:

A) with filter feeders
B) using adhesive glue cells that trap prey
C) with stinging hair cells that immobilize small invertebrates
D) by digging through the bottom mud for small invertebrates
E) with a sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates

Question 14

The Portuguese man-of-war is a colony of hundreds to thousands of:

A) sea anemones
B) ctenophores
C) hydrozoans
D) jellyfish
E) sponges

Question 15

Which of the following is characteristic of flatworms?

A) They are acoelomate (have no body cavity).
B) They commonly have a complex nervous system.
C) They do not have eyespots.
D) They do not have statocysts (organs of balance).
E) They have organs for food and gas exchange.

Question 16

Most mollusks are:

A) found in fresh water
B) terrestrial
C) parasitic
D) arboreal
E) marine

Question 17

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

A) three tissue layers
B) a single epidermal layer
C) loosely organized cells
D) two epidermal layers with scattered mesophyll cells in between
E) inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea

Question 18

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to which organism?

A) Hydra
B) jellyfish
C) hydrozoans
D) sea anemones
E) Portuguese man-of-war

Question 19

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

A) parasites
B) autotrophs
C) carnivores
D) herbivores
E) suspension feeders

Question 20

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

A) cnidocils
B) nerve nets
C) cnidocytes
D) choanocytes
E) pseudopodia

Question 21

Figure 31-6 ​

The cross section in the accompanying figure is representative of the internal structures found in:

A) phoronids
B) nemerteans
C) gastropods
D) flatworms
E) oligochaetes

Question 22

Which of the following species has been used for centuries to draw blood from areas swollen by poisonous stings and bites?

A) polychaetes
B) leeches
C) tapeworms
D) hookworms
E) earthworms

Question 23

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

A) reproduction
B) locomotion
C) respiration
D) sensation
E) eating

Question 24

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

A) torsion
B) a hard shell
C) a modified radula
D) rapidly changing colors
E) poisonous salivary secretions

Question 25

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

A) They have a visceral mass.
B) They have a segmented body.
C) They move with a muscular foot.
D) They surround their body with a mantle.
E) They have an open circulatory system.

Question 26

Figure 31-4 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 6?

A) anus
B) gills
C) cilia
D) mouth
E) digestive tract

Question 27

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

A) chelicerae
B) pupa
C) radula
D) beak
E) shell

Question 28

Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?

A) radula
B) mantle
C) parapodia
D) visceral mass
E) metamorphosis

Question 29

Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil?

A) polychaetes
B) leeches
C) tapeworms
D) hookworms
E) earthworms

Question 30

Which of the following is a marine species that is segmented and has many setae, a well-developed head, separate sexes, and trochophore larva?

A) sponges
B) sandworms and tubeworms
C) earthworms
D) leeches
E) mollusks

Question 31

Figure 31-6 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label denotes the nerve cord?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 32

Figure 31-4 ​

The larva in the accompanying figure is characteristic of which group of organisms?

A) mollusks
B) cnidarians
C) nematodes
D) arthropods
E) platyhelminthes

Question 33

Which of the mollusks have a closed circulatory system?

A) clams
B) slugs
C) snails
D) squids
E) chitons

Question 34

An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class:

A) Polyplacophora
B) Cephalopoda
C) Polychaeta
D) Gastropoda
E) Bivalvia

Question 35

What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?

A) autotrophy
B) herbivores
C) omnivores
D) carnivores
E) filter feeders

Question 36

Figure 31-5 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?

A) foot
B) gills
C) heart
D) siphons
E) digestive tract

Question 37

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

A) jointed appendages
B) parapodia
C) tentacles
D) setae
E) Fins

Question 38

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they:

A) are active swimmers
B) use a radula to feed on algae
C) possess two shells with a hinge
D) use their mantle for locomotion
E) possess shells of overlapping plates

Question 39

Figure 31-5 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 8?

A) digestion
B) respiration
C) circulation
D) movement
E) reproduction

Question 40

The veliger larval form is unique to:

A) insects
B) annelids
C) molluscs
D) arthropods
E) crustaceans

Question 41

Which of the following groups use very long pedipalps as pinchers for capturing prey?

A) spiders
B) ticks
C) harvestmen
D) scorpions
E) mites

Question 42

Figure 31-2 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What label designates the auricles on this organism?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 43

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

A) to sense prey
B) to exchange gas
C) to respond to stimuli
D) to regulate fluid balance
E) to serve as a structure for sexual reproduction

Question 44

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum?

A) Platyhelminthes
B) Nematoda
C) Cnidaria
D) Annelida
E) Nemertea

Question 45

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n):

A) mite
B) tick
C) insect
D) centipede
E) millipede

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that contributes to the biological success of insects?

A) diverse body plans that are adapted to many lifestyles
B) the ability to fly
C) high reproductive capacity
D) adaptations for offense and defense (e.g., cryptic coloration).
E) high intraspecific competition

Question 47

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

A) the ability to fly
B) a hard exoskeleton
C) jointed appendages
D) a segmented coelom
E) respiratory capabilities

Question 48

The nervous system of many species of flatworms

A) consists of a single, large ganglion in the anterior end.
B) is sometimes referred to as tubelike.
C) includes two dorsal nerve cords.
D) is diffuse and netlike.
E) is a "ladder-type."

Question 49

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

A) human
B) cow
C) dog
D) cat
E) snail

Question 50

Which of the following is a difference between flatworms and nemerteans?

A) There are no species of parasitic flatworms.
B) Flatworm larvae burrow into the skin, whereas nemertean larvae are ingested.
C) There are no species of predacious flatworms.
D) Flatworms have a proboscis, whereas nemerteans do not.
E) Flatworms do not have a digestive system, whereas nemerteans do.

Question 51

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

A) It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth.
B) It is a structure used for locomotion in the Lophophorata.
C) It is the opening also referred to as the anus in the Ecdysozoa.
D) It is a larval stage found in the Lophotrochozoa and the Ecdysozoa.
E) It is one of the openings to the excretory system of phylum Platyhelminthes.

Question 52

Which of the following produces a silken dragline that can be used to determine the sex and maturity level of the spinner?

A) harvestmen
B) ticks
C) spiders
D) scorpions
E) mites

Question 53

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

A) Tapeworms have a simple life cycle.
B) Tapeworms have a complete digestive system.
C) Tapeworms have a closed circulatory system.
D) Tapeworms have a well developed sensory system.
E) Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Question 54

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

A) protonephridia
B) proglottid
C) cnidocyte
D) auricle
E) scolex

Question 55

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

A) rotifers
B) phoronids
C) bryozoans
D) ctenophores
E) platyhelminthes

Question 56

Figure 31-2 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 8 in the figure?

A) anus
B) mouth
C) ganglia
D) eyespots
E) pharynx

Question 57

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

A) They are aquatic.
B) They do not have segmentation.
C) They cannot reproduce sexually.
D) They do not have a nervous system.
E) They do not have setae or parapodia.

Question 58

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?

A) tick
B) mite
C) spider
D) scorpion
E) barnacle

Question 59

The first animals to show cephalization have several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) These animals were triploblastic.
B) These animals had a proboscis.
C) These animals were in phylum Platyhelminthes.
D) These animals are placed in the group Lophotrochozoa.
E) These animals followed the protostome pattern of embryonic development.

Question 60

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

A) reproduction
B) cell division
C) locomotion
D) excretion
E) ingestion

Question 61

Figure 31-7 ​

Which of the insects in the accompanying figure is a flea?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 62

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

A) smaller
B) superficial
C) more specialized
D) only present in adults
E) only present in larvae

Question 63

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

A) molluscs
B) gastropods
C) echinoderms
D) crustaceans
E) ctenophores

Question 64

Figure 31-7 ​

Which insect in the accompanying figure represents a group that parasitizes plants?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 65

Biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in which organism?

A) insects
B) arachnids
C) centipedes
D) crustaceans
E) horseshoe crabs

Question 66

Insects are vectors of many diseases that affect humans. List these diseases and their insect vectors.

Question 67

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

A) ribbon worms
B) centipedes
C) millipedes
D) trilobites
E) mites

Question 68

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

A) Arachnida
B) Insecta
C) Gastropoda
D) Bivalvia
E) Arthropoda

Question 69

What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton?

A) Exoskeletons interfere with ingestion.
B) Exoskeletons severely limit locomotion.
C) Exoskeletons do not prevent desiccation.
D) Exoskeletons do not provide adequate protection from predators.
E) Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators.

Question 70

Identify the distinguishing characteristics of phylum Cnidaria. Outline the classes within this phylum and their major characteristics. Include at least one representative for each class.

Question 71

What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity?

A) antennae
B) maxillae
C) mandibles
D) statocysts
E) swimmerets

Question 72

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

A) mites
B) insects
C) spiders
D) scorpions
E) crustaceans

Question 73

List two characteristics that have contributed to the biological success of the insects, and briefly explain the adaptive value of each characteristic that you identified.

Question 74

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

A) the use of gills
B) the use of tracheae
C) the use of book lungs
D) a closed circulatory system
E) diffusion across the epidermal layer

Question 75

Choanocytes are a characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria .

Question 76

Which of the following are exclusively terrestrial?

A) insects
B) crustaceans
C) arachnids
D) merostomes
E) chilopods and diplopods

Question 77

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE ?

A) Arthropods have a true coelom.
B) Arthropods have an exoskeleton.
C) Arthropods display segmentation.
D) Arthropods have an open circulatory system.
E) Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Question 78

Which of the following are exclusively marine?

A) chilopods and diplopods
B) mirostomes
C) arachnids
D) crustaceans
E) insects

Question 79

Describe what is known about the phylogeny of the ecdysozoans.

Question 80

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

A) wings
B) cephalization
C) segmentation
D) hard exoskeletons
E) specialized mouthparts