Deck 32: The Deuterostomes

Question 1

Which of the following are sluggish creatures that live on the sea bottom, and commonly eject organs when conditions are poor?

A) Sand dollars
B) Sea cucumbers
C) Basket stars
D) Sea stars
E) Sea lilies

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sea stars eat:

A) large fish.
B) mostly algae.
C) sea weed.
D) mostly crustaceans and mollusks.
E) debris on the bottom.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 32-1 ​

The structure in the accompanying figure labeled ____ is characteristic of the phylum to which this organism belongs.

A) brain
B) mouth
C) heart
D) notochord
E) anus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All echinoderms are found:

A) in marine habitats.
B) in freshwater.
C) on land.
D) on the bottom of the ocean or lakes.
E) in shallow ocean waters.

Question 5

Sea stars are primarily:

A) herbivores.
B) omnivores.
C) carnivores.
D) detritivores.
E) saprophytes.

Question 6

Echinoderms are unique because:

A) their larvae are radially symmetrical while the adult is bilaterally symmetrical.
B) the adults and larva are both pentaradially symmetrical.
C) the adult and larva are both radially symmetrical.
D) the adult and larva are both bilaterally symmetrical.
E) their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

Question 7

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

A) digestive system.
B) nervous system.
C) closed circulatory system.
D) water vascular system.
E) mantle.

Question 8

Figure 32-1 ​

The organism in the accompanying figure is a representative of the:

A) phylum Hemichordata.
B) phylum Echinodermata.
C) phylum Chordata.
D) subphylum Urochordata.
E) subphylum Cephalochordata.

Question 9

Which of the following are carnivorous predators and scavengers?

A) Sea stars
B) Sea lilies
C) Basket stars
D) Sea urchins
E) Sea cucumbers

Question 10

Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following?

A) An unusually rapid nutrient uptake
B) A greatly reduced metabolism
C) Rapid adaptation to extremes of temperature
D) An unusually long lifespan
E) The ability to respond effectively in every direction of their surrounding environment

Question 11

Which of the following is true of hemichordates?

A) They have a two-part body comprised of a proboscis and a trunk.
B) Acorn worms are a well-known example in this group.
C) Their mouth is not surrounded by cilia.
D) They are deuterostomes.
E) There are many species in the group.

Question 12

Which class of echinoderms has the greatest species diversity?

A) Asteroidea
B) Holothuroidea
C) Ophiuroidea
D) Echinoidea
E) Crinoidea

Question 13

Tunicates are often mistaken for which of the following?

A) Tadpoles
B) Sea cucumbers
C) Sea stars
D) Sponges
E) Sand dollars

Question 14

Adult tunicates develop which of the following?

A) Shell
B) Spines
C) Tunic
D) Gills
E) Cilia

Question 15

Lancelets are:

A) carnivores.
B) filter feeders.
C) parasites.
D) herbivores.
E) algae feeders.

Question 16

One characteristic of the class Holothuroidea is that they:

A) are predators that consume partially digested prey.
B) are mostly extinct species.
C) have a reduced endoskeleton consisting of microscopic plates embedded in the body wall.
D) have movable spines that are used to facilitate locomotion.
E) have a distinct central disk with very long, slender arms.

Question 17

The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:

A) Hemichordata.
B) Hemichordates.
C) Cephalochordata.
D) Ophiuroidea.
E) Urochordates.

Question 18

Larval tunicates superficially resemble which of the following?

A) Brittle stars
B) Sea stars
C) Sea cucumbers
D) Tadpoles
E) Feather stars

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of (most) deuterostomes?

A) Radial cleavage
B) Determinate cleavage
C) Mouth develops from the blastopore
D) Develop pharyngeal slits at some point in their life cycle
E) Have a true coelom

Question 20

Which characteristic best describes vertebrates?

A) Vertebral column
B) Blood containing hemoglobin
C) Four-chambered heart
D) Lungs
E) Live birth

Question 21

Which of the following embryonic cells are unique to vertebrates?

A) Lung cells
B) Cardiac cells
C) Blastocysts
D) Neural crest cells
E) Zygotes

Question 22

The coelacanth is found in the class:

A) Dipnoi.
B) Actinistia.
C) Placoderms.
D) Cephalochordata.
E) Urochordata.

Question 23

The amphibians are believed to have arisen from ancestral:

A) chondrichthyean fishes.
B) actinopterygian fishes.
C) reptiles.
D) sacropterygian fishes.
E) amphibians.

Question 24

Which chordate group has the most species?

A) Bony fishes
B) Reptiles
C) Amphibians
D) Mammals
E) Cartilaginous fishes

Question 25

Extinct jawless fish include the:

A) lungfishes.
B) lancelets.
C) placoderms.
D) acanthodians.
E) ostracoderms.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of conodonts (extinct chordates)?

A) Large eyes
B) Complex toothlike hooks
C) No fins
D) Gill arches
E) Muscular segments

Question 27

Sharks detect motion in the water or waves by their:

A) lateral lines.
B) electroreceptors.
C) keen olfaction.
D) sight.
E) dorsal fin.

Question 28

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

A) Chondrichthyes
B) Reptilia
C) Myxiniformes
D) Amphibia
E) Actinistia

Question 29

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group:

A) Actinopterygii.
B) Crinoidea.
C) Cephalochordates.
D) Urochordates.
E) Chondrichthyes.

Question 30

Lungs first evolved in which group?

A) Cartilaginous fishes
B) Bony fishes
C) Lampreys
D) Coelacanths
E) Lungfishes

Question 31

Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:

A) hagfishes lack gills.
B) hagfishes lack a jaw.
C) hagfishes are parasitic.
D) hagfishes lack vertebrae.
E) hagfishes have notochords.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a function of (typical) amphibian skin?

A) respiration
B) waste excretion
C) escape from predation
D) repel predation
E) help keep the body surface moist

Question 33

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

A) Kidney
B) Stomach
C) Intestine
D) Swim bladder
E) Ureter

Question 34

'Which of the following are the largest living vertebrates?

A) Rays
B) Sharks
C) Whales
D) Lampreys
E) Skates

Question 35

Placoid scales are found on:

A) fleshy-finned fishes.
B) cartilaginous fishes.
C) ray-finned fishes.
D) lampreys.
E) hagfishes.

Question 36

The two groups representing the "jawless" fishes are:

A) Cephalochordata and Placoderms.
B) Chondrichthyes and Actinistia.
C) Myxini and Petromyzontida.
D) Dipnoi and Actinistia.
E) Placoderms and Petromyzontida.

Question 37

Which term describes an animal that lays eggs?

A) Oviparous
B) Viviparous
C) Ovoviviparous
D) Placental
E) Eutherial

Question 38

Salamanders are members of the order:

A) Apoda.
B) Caudata.
C) Anura.
D) Tetrapoda.
E) Squamata.

Question 39

The tetrapods include:

A) fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
B) lancelets, cartilaginous, and bony fish.
C) amphibians and reptiles.
D) amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
E) echinoderms and chordates.

Question 40

Which structure places a fish in the class Actinopterygii?

A) Swim bladder
B) Pharynx with gills
C) Nerve chord
D) Fleshy lobed fines
E) More flexible fins with less bone

Question 41

Spiny echidnas are unlike other mammals in that they:

A) have endothermy.
B) do not have two pairs of temporal openings in the skull.
C) have mammary glands.
D) have hair.
E) do not have nipples.

Question 42

Which of the below are living descendants of the dinosaurs?

A) Marsupials.
B) Monotremes.
C) Birds.
D) Mammals.
E) Amphibians.

Question 43

Marsupials include the:

A) cat.
B) armadillo.
C) opossum.
D) crocodile.
E) spiny anteater.

Question 44

Which term can be applied to both monotremes and sharks?

A) Oviparous
B) Viviparous
C) Ovoviviparous
D) Placental
E) Eutherial

Question 45

In which group did the amniotic egg first evolve?

A) Amphibians
B) Birds
C) Reptiles
D) Mammals
E) Frogs

Question 46

Compare and contrast monotremes and Metatheria (marsupials). Identify two representatives of each group.

Question 47

Describe the shared derived characteristics that support grouping the hemichordates, chordates, and echinoderms together as deuterostomes.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT an example of a flightless bird?

A) Ostrich
B) Kiwi
C) Cassowary
D) Pelicans
E) Emu

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a derived characteristic of mammals?

A) Incompletely divided ventricles
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs with alveoli
D) Differentiated teeth
E) Three middle-ear bones

Question 50

Which of the following has vertebrae that are concave at both ends?

A) Crocodiles
B) Turtles
C) Tuataras
D) Snakes
E) Lizards

Question 51

Birds are most closely related to:

A) reptiles.
B) testudines.
C) mammals.
D) labyrinthodonts.
E) terrapins.

Question 52

Snakes are most closely related to:

A) lizards.
B) turtles.
C) eels.
D) caecilians.
E) synapsids.

Question 53

Mammals descended from a group of reptiles known as:

A) eutherians.
B) lancelets.
C) therapsids.
D) holothurians.
E) labyrinthodonts.

Question 54

What are the four shared derived characteristics of chordates.

Question 55

The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:

A) lack mammary glands.
B) lack hair.
C) lay eggs.
D) have pouches.
E) exhibit parthenogenesis.

Question 56

The first function of feathers was most likely:

A) as protection from predators.
B) to insulate.
C) to communicate with rivals.
D) as color displays in courtship rituals.
E) as protection from parasites.

Question 57

The earliest mammals resembled small:

A) dogs.
B) koalas.
C) kangaroos.
D) monkeys.
E) shrews.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a member of the lepidosaur lineage?

A) Snakes
B) Lizards
C) Worm lizards
D) Extant turtles
E) Tuataras

Question 59

Which of the following is FALSE regarding reptiles?

A) Their scales provide a protective armor.
B) Their scales shed periodically.
C) Their skin does not allow effective gas exchange.
D) The saclike lungs of amphibians are better developed than the lungs of reptiles.
E) Many extant reptiles lack metabolic mechanisms for regulating body temperature.

Question 60

Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:

A) flight.
B) production of uric acid.
C) feathers.
D) endothermy.
E) a forked tongue.

Question 62

Vertebrates have four Hox gene clusters that control the anterior-posterior axis.

Question 63

Biologists agree that ancestors of ray-finned fishes gave rise to tetrapods.

Question 65

Convergent evolution resulted in placental and marsupial mammals with similar structural features.

Question 66

Echinoderms are related to chordates because the first opening to develop becomes the mouth.

Question 67

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.

Question 68

Describe the evolutionary relationships between the following organisms. Draw a family "tree" if necessary. Include bony fish, amniotes, lizards, mammals, turtles, birds, reptiles, ray-finned fishes, amphibians, lungfish, and lobe-finned fishes.

Question 69

Compare and contrast characteristics of amphibians and reptiles. Include morphological structures, differences in reproduction, respiration, circulation, and their habitats.

Question 72

In vertebrates, neural crest cells give rise to the nerves, head muscles, and cranium.

Question 73

Describe the vertebrate adaptations to terrestrial life.

Question 74

The earliest vertebrates had jaws.

Question 75

The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally.

Question 76

The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage.

Question 78

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a dorsal heart and blood containing hemoglobin.

Question 79

Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults, a water vascular system, tube feet, and spiny skin.