Deck 37: Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Question 1

The female plant structure on which a pollen tube must grow through is the

A) style.
B) ovary.
C) stigma.
D) anther.
E) stamen.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Most flowers are pollinated by which method?

A) Wind
B) Birds
C) Bats
D) Water
E) Insects

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Plants that produce scentless, inconspicuous flowers with enormous amounts of pollen are adapted to which type of pollination?

A) Wind
B) Birds
C) Bats
D) Small rodents
E) Insects

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement about the megasporocyte is true ?

A) It undergoes meiosis to produce three haploid cells.
B) It is a diploid cell located within an ovule.
C) It divides mitotically to form a male gametophyte.
D) It plays an important role in cross-pollination.
E) It will give rise to the generative cell.

Question 5

Biologists estimate that about 70% of all flowering plant species are pollinated by these organisms.

A) Insects
B) Birds
C) Bats
D) Bacteria
E) Reptiles

Question 6

Figure 37-1 ​

In the accompanying figure, the formation of pollen would occur in the structure labeled as ____.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 6
D) 9
E) 10

Question 7

Genes for self-incompatibility usually inhibit

A) the production of pollen grains.
B) pollination.
C) the growth of the pollen tube.
D) the growth of the style.
E) microspore formation.

Question 8

The diploid portion of a plant life cycle is known as the

A) parental generation.
B) sporophyte generation.
C) daughter generation.
D) gametophyte generation.
E) reproductive generation.

Question 9

In angiosperms, the sporophyte generation

A) results from the fertilization of two gametes.
B) is haploid.
C) is nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.
D) produces gametes via meiosis.
E) produces spores by mitosis.

Question 10

Figure 37-1 ​

In the accompanying figure, the structure that protects the flower as a bud is labeled as _____.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9
E) 10

Question 11

Figure 37-2 ​

The shape of the bill on the bird in the accompanying figure is most likely the result of

A) coevolution.
B) pollination.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) pseudocopulation.
E) inbreeding.

Question 12

Bat-pollinated, night-blooming flowers would most likely display which two characteristics?

A) Blue petals and sticky pollen grains
B) Yellow petals and the scent of rotting flesh
C) Orange petals and no scent
D) White petals and a strongly sweet scent
E) Red petals and sticky pollen grains

Question 13

Figure 37-2 ​

What type of floral attraction would work best on the pollinator in the accompanying figure?

A) White flowers
B) Purple or blue flowers
C) A strong sweet scent
D) A strong carrion-like scent
E) Sweet nectar

Question 14

The order of whorls from the flower's center to the periphery is

A) sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
B) carpels, petals, stamens, and sepals.
C) petals, carpels, stamens, and sepals.
D) sepals, carpels, stamens, and calyx.
E) carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals.

Question 15

The generative cell within a pollen grain will develop into which of the following?

A) Sperm cells
B) Pollen tube
C) Egg cell
D) Fruiting body
E) Spores

Question 16

Certain orchids produce flowers and secrete scents that resemble female bees so that male bees will mount these flowers and attempt to copulate with them. This bizarre occurrence is an example of

A) fertilization.
B) coevolution.
C) apomixis.
D) self-pollination.
E) asexual reproduction.

Question 17

All the sepals of a flower are collectively known as the

A) calyx.
B) carpel.
C) corolla.
D) pistil.
E) receptacle.

Question 18

Flower parts are borne on the tip of a stalk referred to as the

A) calyx.
B) corolla.
C) filament.
D) receptacle.
E) stigma.

Question 19

Which of the following mechanisms is used to prevent self-pollination in angiosperms?

A) Separating male and female individuals
B) Shedding of pollen when the stigma of that flower is receptive to pollen
C) Separating male and female flowers
D) Preventing a plant form recognizing its own pollen with self-incompatibility genes
E) Stimulating growth of the pollen tube with self-incompatibility genes

Question 20

Sexual reproduction in plants includes _____ and the fusion of ______:

A) fertilization; gametes
B) meiosis; gametes
C) mitosis; fertilization
D) mitosis; gametes
E) cytokinesis; pollen

Question 21

The fusion of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei in the ovule forms the

A) cotyledon.
B) endosperm.
C) fertilized egg.
D) zygote.
E) embryo.

Question 22

Which is the correct sequence of embryonic development in eudicots?

A) Globular stage embryo → suspensor embryo → proembryo → heart stage embryo
B) Heart stage embryo → globular stage embryo → proembryo → torpedo stage embryo
C) Torpedo stage embryo → globular stage embryo → heart stage embryo → suspensor
D) Proembryo → torpedo stage embryo → heart stage embryo → globular stage embryo
E) Proembryo → globular stage embryo → heart stage embryo → torpedo stage embryo

Question 23

Two polar nuclei in the central cell of the ovule fuse with the second sperm cell to form the first cell of the triploid ____.

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) egg cell
D) ovule
E) endosperm

Question 24

Endosperm tissue is

A) 1/2 n.
B) n.
C) 2 n.
D) 3 n.
E) 4 n.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a seed dispersed by water?

A) Sunflower
B) Acorn
C) Coconut
D) Peach
E) Jack fruit

Question 26

In corn and other grasses, the leaves and stem grow through the tip of the ____.

A) coleoptile
B) coleorhizum
C) cotyledon
D) endosperm
E) radicle

Question 27

During embryonic development in flowering plants, the basal cell develops into the

A) apical cell.
B) apical meristem.
C) suspensor.
D) integuments.
E) endosperm.

Question 28

The function of cotyledons in many plants is to

A) enclose and protect the seed.
B) act as a short embryonic root.
C) produce pollen.
D) store food reserves.
E) aid in seed dispersal.

Question 29

Which of the following is a structure that is adapted for seed dispersal by animals?

A) Light, feathery plumes
B) Thick, indigestible seed coats
C) Air spaces and cork
D) Turgor pressure within fruits
E) Winged fruits

Question 30

The difference between a drupe and a berry is that a drupe

A) is an accessory fruit, while a berry is a multiple fruit.
B) is formed from a single carpel, while a berry is formed from many carpels.
C) has a stony pit around a single seed, while a berry is fleshy throughout with many seeds.
D) is a dry fruit, while a berry is a fleshy one.
E) splits open along two sutures, while a berry splits open along one suture.

Question 31

Specialized structures found in the types of seeds that are dispersed by ants are called

A) glyoxisomes.
B) elaiosomes.
C) peroxisome.
D) elatoir.
E) lysosome.

Question 32

Figure 37-3 ​

Which of the following statements concerning the structures labeled as 4 in the accompanying figure is false ?

A) They are known as cotyledons.
B) They indicate that this plant is a eudicot.
C) They are part of the maturing embryo.
D) They are surrounded by endosperm.
E) They are derived from the integuments.

Question 33

Figure 37-4 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the fruits listed would be classified as an accessory fruit?

A) a
B) b
C) e
D) i
E) k

Question 34

Figure 37-5 ​

In the accompanying figure, the structure labeled as 2

A) responds to a lack of light.
B) protects the stem tip as it moves through the soil.
C) is the first structure to emerge from the seed during germination.
D) is called the coleoptile.
E) surrounds and protects the young shoot.

Question 35

Figure 37-3 ​

In the accompanying figure, the part of the embryo that contains most of the food used by the embryonic plant during germination is labeled with the number

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 36

Fruits that develop from a flower with many separate ovaries are referred to as

A) accessory fruits.
B) aggregate fruits.
C) dry fruits.
D) multiple fruits.
E) simple fruits.

Question 37

Figure 37-4 ​

In Figure 37-4, which of the fruits listed is formed by the fusion of ovaries from many flowers?

A) f
B) g
C) h
D) i
E) j

Question 38

Figure 37-4 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the fruits listed is botanically classified as a berry?

A) c
B) d
C) f
D) g
E) h

Question 39

The absorption of water by a dry seed is known as

A) apical dominance.
B) determinate growth.
C) imbibition.
D) senescence.
E) bolting.

Question 40

Figure 37-5 ​

The process illustrated in the accompanying figure is

A) imbibition.
B) germination in a monocot.
C) apomixis.
D) abscission.
E) germination in a eudicot.

Question 41

The term for physical damage to a seed coat that induces germination is

A) imbibition.
B) scarification.
C) bolting.
D) vernalization.
E) thigmomorphogenesis.

Question 42

Rhizomes, tubers, corms, and stolons are examples of modified

A) leaves.
B) flowers.
C) roots.
D) bulbs.
E) stems.

Question 43

Sexual reproduction results in

A) the preservation of the parental genotypes.
B) low death rates among offspring.
C) genetic similarity among offspring.
D) genetic diversity among offspring.
E) offspring with fitness equal to that of their parents.

Question 44

Diagram a flower, labeling the parts, and identify the part(s) that possess the functions described in the following list:

A) male reproductive organ, b) female reproductive organ, c) attracting a pollinator, d) point of attachment of flower parts, and e) bud protection.

Question 45

_______ allows these polyploid, sterile plants to reproduce and therefore survive.

A) Fertilization
B) Mitosis
C) Apomixis
D) Abscission
E) Budding

Question 46

Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is true?

A) The advantage of asexual reproduction is that it results in new gene combinations.
B) Two parents are required for successful asexual reproduction.
C) The process of meiosis takes place in the parent and results in four haploid cells.
D) The offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.
E) Asexual reproduction requires the fusion of two haploid gametes.

Question 47

Asexual reproduction in flowering plants does not usually involve the formation of

A) plantlets, stolons, or seeds.
B) suckers, corms, or rhizomes.
C) flowers, seeds, or fruits.
D) bulbs, rhizomes, or seeds.
E) flowers, bulbs, or stolons.

Question 48

Sometimes plants produce embryos in seeds without the need for meiosis and fusion of gametes. This process is known as

A) coevolution.
B) apomixis.
C) self-pollination.
D) mitosis.
E) suckering.

Question 49

Explain the significance of apomixis in plant propagation. Cite two examples of commercial significance.

Question 50

____ is an example of a plant that produces stolons.

A) Pineapple
B) Kalanchoe
C) Chlorophytum
D) Pepperomia
E) Strawberry

Question 51

Provide a one-sentence explanation of how each of the following structures can be used to propagate plants asexually: suckers, corms, stolons. BONUS: Provide one example of a plant that is capable of each type of reproduction identified.

Question 52

The prolonged low temperature exposure required for the germination of some seeds

A) is typical of coconuts.
B) provides an alternative to the process of imbibition.
C) prevents them from growing in flooded, anaerobic soils.
D) allows the seeds to conserve limited food stores.
E) ensures that the seeds germinate in spring, rather than in fall.

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of a modified underground bud with fleshy leaves for storage?

A) Onion
B) White potato
C) Gladiolus
D) Ginger
E) Strawberry

Question 54

Explain how self-incompatibility genes prevent pollen from one flower from fertilizing the same flower or other flowers on the same plant.

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of a fruit species that can be propagated by apomixis?

A) Apple
B) Peach
C) Citrus
D) Pear
E) Peach

Question 56

Some ____ produce greatly thickened ends called tubers.

A) rhizomes
B) runners
C) root hairs
D) stolons
E) rhizobia

Question 57

Aboveground shoots that develop from adventitious buds on roots are called

A) corms.
B) crowns.
C) plantlets.
D) suckers.
E) culms.

Question 58

Identify two environmental factors that affect the germination of seeds. Then, list the adaptation(s) that allow seeds to deal with each environmental factor.

Question 59

The petals constitute the outermost whorl of flower parts.

Question 60

Which of the following is the first part of the seedling to come out during germination?

A) Plumule
B) Radicle
C) Cotyledons
D) Leaves
E) Coleoptile

Question 61

A rhizome is a horizontal aboveground stem.

Question 62

Endosperm is usually triploid.

Question 63

Plants that are wind-pollinated characteristically have conspicuous flowers.

Question 64

During embryonic development, the proembryo develops from the basal cell.

Question 65

An example of a drupe is an olive.

Question 66

In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg, and the other sperm fuses with the two antipodal nuclei.

Question 67

Imbibition is the process by which a seed takes in oxygen from the environment.

Question 68

When the generative cell divides, the daughter cells are sperm cells.

Question 69

An ovule usually develops directly into a fruit.

Question 70

What is the significance of double fertilization in flowering plants?

Question 71

The integuments develop into the seed coat.

Question 73

The male gametophyte is also called an embryo sac.

Question 75

When a microsporocyte divides, its daughter cells are diploid.

Question 76

Apomixis refers to a type of sexual reproduction.

Question 77

The hypocotyl connects the radicle with the cotyledons.

Question 78

Nicotine can be found in nectaries.

Question 79

Define germination, and summarize how this process is influenced by internal and environmental factors.

Question 80

Give examples of how plants and animal pollinators have coevolved.