Deck 47: Processing Food and Nutrition

Question 1

A filter feeder is an animal that

A) has well-developed teeth for stabbing prey.
B) secretes paralyzing venom suspended in saliva.
C) has a symbiotic relationship with its host.
D) entraps food particles from water.
E) feeds on nectar while suspended in air.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning saliva is FALSE?

A) Saliva moistens food.
B) Saliva is secreted by three pairs of salivary glands.
C) Saliva dissolves food so it can be tasted.
D) Saliva starts the enzymatic digestion of lipids.
E) Saliva starts the enzymatic digestion of starch.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Mixing and propulsive movements of the digestive tract are referred to as _____.

A) peristalsis
B) motility
C) digestion
D) absorption
E) elimination

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Chief cells secrete

A) trypsin.
B) bile.
C) pepsin.
D) pepsinogen.
E) hydrochloric acid.

Question 5

Bacteria present in the digestive tracts of some herbivores function to

A) provide bulk to their feces.
B) produce minerals for their hosts.
C) detoxify harmful materials found in the food.
D) digest the animal waste products from the herbivore diet.
E) digest the cellulose cell wall of plant cells.

Question 6

You feel discomfort and possibly pain when the dentist drills a hole in your tooth because the

A) heat of the drilling process is felt by the gum tissue.
B) pulp cavity contains nerves.
C) tooth decay has invaded the pulp cavity.
D) dentist is applying too much pressure to the drill.
E) decay has affected the dentin.

Question 7

Digestion of starches begins in the

A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) duodenum.
D) jejunum.
E) large intestine.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an omnivore?

A) An earthworm
B) A sheep
C) A bird
D) A pig
E) A fish

Question 9

Which of the following does not contain a gastrovascular cavity?

A) Hydras
B) Cnidarians
C) Sponges
D) Flatworms
E) Jellyfish

Question 10

Which statement about a complete digestive system is FALSE?

A) It is characteristic of flatworms.
B) It is a tube with two openings.
C) Its regions are specialized to perform specific functions.
D) Food can be ingested while previously eaten food is being digested.
E) Food enters the mouth and is eliminated through the anus.

Question 11

If leaves were the only food in your diet, you would most likely have

A) more incisors than premolars and molars.
B) fewer incisors than premolars and molars.
C) an equal number of incisors, premolars, and molars.
D) only premolars and molars.
E) an incomplete digestive tract.

Question 12

The function of the rugae of the stomach is to

A) secrete amylase.
B) crush the food.
C) increase the holding capacity of the stomach.
D) mix the food with gastric juices.
E) increase the surface area for secretion.

Question 13

Omnivores that remove suspended particles from water they inhabit are called ____.

A) filter feeders
B) predators
C) suspension feeders
D) particulate feeders
E) stationary fish

Question 14

The cells in the gastric glands that produce digestive substances are the

A) goblet and pyloric cells.
B) alpha and beta cells.
C) pyloric and parietal cells.
D) chief and goblet cells.
E) parietal and chief cells.

Question 15

In a tube-within-a-tube body plan, what forms the outer tube?

A) The body wall
B) The wall of the gastrovascular cavity
C) The vacuolar membrane
D) The intestinal wall
E) The gizzard wall

Question 16

Dietary fiber that is not digested will be

A) eliminated.
B) ingested.
C) reabsorbed
D) hydrolyzed.
E) absorbed.

Question 17

Immediately outside the pulp cavity of a tooth is the

A) enamel.
B) dentin.
C) cementum.
D) spongy bone.
E) nerve.

Question 18

____ is the process of taking food into the digestive cavity.

A) Ingestion
B) Digestion
C) Absorption
D) Egestion
E) Elimination

Question 19

From the pharynx, a bolus moves into the

A) mouth.
B) small intestine.
C) large intestine
D) stomach.
E) esophagus.

Question 20

Which of the following enzymes digests starch?

A) Carboxypeptidase
B) Amylase
C) Trypsin
D) Chymotrypsin
E) Pepsin

Question 21

Which structure contributes to the large surface area of the small intestine?

A) Microvilli
B) Goblet cells
C) Rugae
D) Mucosa
E) Simple columnar epithelium

Question 22

Figure 47-1 ​

​
Refer to the accompanying figure. The root of the tooth is made up of the parts labeled

A) 4 and 5 only.
B) 3, 4, and 5 only.
C) 1, 2, and 3 only.
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only.
E) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Question 23

The pylorus is located at the exit of the

A) stomach.
B) esophagus.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.
E) rectum.

Question 24

Figure 47-1 ​

​
In Figure 47-1, dentin is labeled as number

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 25

Figure 47-1 ​

​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Nerves would be located in the part(s) labeled

A) 2 only.
B) 3 only.
C) 4 only.
D) 2 and 3.
E) 3 and 4.

Question 26

Parietal cells secrete

A) chyme and HCl.
B) pepsin and chyme.
C) pepsinogen and HCl.
D) HCl and intrinsic factor.
E) mucus and intrinsic factor.

Question 27

Which of the following statements accurately describes the following reaction? ​

​

A) Enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by enzymes secreted by the salivary glands
B) Enzymatic digestion of proteins in the stomach by enzymes secreted by the pancreas
C) Enzymatic digestion of lipids in the stomach by enzymes secreted by the liver
D) Enzymatic digestion of proteins in the small intestine by enzymes secreted by the pancreas
E) Enzymatic digestion of lipids in the small intestine by enzymes secreted by the pancreas

Question 28

Inactivation of _____ occurs by the ____ pH of the stomach.

A) pepsin; low
B) pepsinogen; low
C) amylase; high
D) amylase; low
E) amylase; neutral

Question 29

Most chemical digestion occurs in the

A) stomach.
B) ileum.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.
E) colon.

Question 30

Helicobacter pylori has been implicated as the causal agent of

A) diarrhea.
B) constipation.
C) peptic ulcers.
D) cardiovascular disease.
E) kwashiorkor.

Question 31

The ____ makes bile.

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) stomach
E) small intestine

Question 32

One of the principal functions of bile is

A) protecting the stomach lining.
B) enzymatically digesting proteins.
C) mechanically digesting proteins.
D) mechanically digesting fats.
E) enzymatically digesting starches.

Question 33

Chyme flows directly from the jejunum into the

A) duodenum.
B) stomach.
C) ileum.
D) esophagus.
E) rectum.

Question 34

What is the best way to treat a peptic ulcer?

A) Take antacids only.
B) Eat a low fat diet.
C) Drink milk to protect the stomach lining.
D) Eat a low fat diet and drink milk.
E) Take antacids and antibiotics.

Question 35

Figure 47-2 ​

​
The process illustrated in the accompanying figure is called

A) peristalsis.
B) hydrolysis.
C) emulsification.
D) proteolysis.
E) diffusion.

Question 36

The stomach lining is protected by

A) alkaline mucus and epithelial cells.
B) pepsin and pepsinogen.
C) trypsin and chymotrypsin.
D) bile pigments and bile salts.
E) rugae and gastric glands.

Question 37

Intrinsic factor is a substance needed for adequate absorption of vitamin _____.

A) C
B) B12
C) A
D) D
E) H

Question 38

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Digestion of a meal begins in the mouth.
B) Hydrolysis of proteins begins in the stomach.
C) Most hydrolysis of fats takes place in the stomach.
D) Absorption of amino acids takes place in the small intestine.
E) Absorption of water takes place in the large intestine.

Question 39

Figure 47-1 ​

​
Refer to the accompanying figure. The crown of the tooth is made up of the parts labeled

A) 1 only.
B) 1 and 2 only.
C) 2 and 3 only.
D) 1, 2, and 3 only.
E) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only.

Question 40

____ hydrolyzes proteins, converting them to short _____.

A) Pepsin; amino acids
B) Pepsinogen; polypeptides
C) Pepsin; polypeptides
D) Pepsinogen; amino acids
E) Pepsin; fatty acids

Question 41

Figure 47-2 ​

​
The chemical reaction in the accompanying figure occurs in the

A) stomach as the result of secretions from the pancreas.
B) small intestine as the result of secretions from the pancreas.
C) large intestine as the result of secretions from the small intestine.
D) stomach as the result of secretions from the stomach.
E) small intestine as the result of secretions from the liver.

Question 42

Which of the following is produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

A) HDLs
B) LDLs
C) Trans fatty acids
D) Omega-3 fatty acids
E) Neuropeptide Y

Question 43

Which statement about the large intestine is FALSE?

A) It is also called the colon.
B) It harbors beneficial bacteria.
C) It is involved with the absorption of sodium.
D) It is involved with the absorption of water.
E) It secretes digestive enzymes.

Question 44

Each villus contains a lacteal, which functions to

A) absorb the products of lipid digestion.
B) aid in the absorption of carbohydrates.
C) aid in the absorption of water.
D) secrete enzymes to aid in the absorption of fats.
E) remove protein from the interstitial fluid.

Question 45

Which hormone stimulates the acid-secreting glands of the stomach?

A) Secretin
B) Gastrin
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Gastric inhibitory peptide
E) Lipoprotein lipase

Question 46

Undigested material flows from the ascending colon directly into the

A) transverse colon.
B) duodenum.
C) cecum.
D) rectum.
E) descending colon.

Question 47

Outline the structural adaptations that increase the surface area of the vertebrate digestive tract.

Question 48

The product of β-oxidation enters metabolism through ____.

A) glycolysis
B) deamination
C) Krebs cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) gluconeogenesis

Question 49

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for preventing scurvy?

A) Vitamin A
B) B-complex vitamins
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
E) Vitamin E

Question 50

The tissue containing nerves, blood, and lymph vessels in teeth is known as the

A) dentin.
B) cementum.
C) enamel.
D) tooth socket.
E) pulp cavity.

Question 51

How are amino acids absorbed by the small intestine?

A) Diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Passive transport
E) Active transport

Question 52

Which statement about cholesterol is TRUE?

A) If the blood contains too much HDL, cholesterol may be deposited on the arterial wall.
B) LDLs transport cholesterol from cells to the liver when cholesterol levels are high.
C) LDLs must bind with an LDL receptor on the cell membrane to be taken up by cells.
D) Most plasma cholesterol is transported on HDLs or high-density lipoproteins.
E) Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to decrease HDL levels.

Question 53

The correct order of the layers of tissue from the outside of the digestive system toward the lumen is

A) mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and visceral peritoneum.
B) mucosa, visceral peritoneum, muscle layer, and submucosa.
C) visceral peritoneum, muscle layer, submucosa, and mucosa.
D) muscle layer, visceral peritoneum, mucosa, and submucosa.
E) visceral peritoneum, mucosa, muscle layer, and submucosa.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT one of the healthiest sources of protein?

A) Fish
B) Nuts
C) Milk
D) Chicken
E) Legumes

Question 55

A chylomicron is a

A) hormone.
B) digestive enzyme.
C) protein-covered fat droplet.
D) component of bile.
E) component of fiber.

Question 56

How does fat enter the blood circulation?

A) Across the lining of the mouth
B) Through the hepatic portal system
C) Across the stomach lining
D) Through an epithelial cell
E) Across the large intestine lining

Question 57

What mineral is responsible for more functions than any other mineral, including being a component of nucleic acids?

A) Calcium
B) Magnesium
C) Phosphorus
D) Sodium
E) Iron

Question 58

Which of the following is classified as a trace element in the human diet?

A) Potassium
B) Iron
C) Sulfur
D) Magnesium
E) Sodium

Question 59

Which statement about obesity is FALSE?

A) The number of fat cells in an adult is determined by the amount of fat stored during childhood.
B) Genetics, not overeating, is responsible for obesity.
C) Obesity can result from an increase in the size and/or number of fat cells.
D) Many of the factors involved in obesity are inherited.
E) To lose weight, energy intake must be less than energy output.

Question 60

Leptin is a hormone released by

A) adipose tissue.
B) the stomach.
C) the large intestine.
D) chylomicrons.
E) the liver.

Question 61

Parietal cells secrete pepsinogen.

Question 62

Omega-3 fatty acids increase LDL levels.

Question 63

Explain why the liver has a major role in protein metabolism.

Question 64

Most chemical digestion occurs in the jejunum.

Question 65

Folds of the stomach wall are called rugae.

Question 66

Pepsinogen catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to short polypeptides.

Question 67

Bile leaving the liver moves directly into the small intestine.

Question 68

Trypsin and chymotrypsin are secreted by the pancreas.

Question 69

Ghrelin is secreted when the stomach is full.

Question 70

The vermiform appendix projects from the ileum.

Question 71

An essential amino acid is one that must be provided in the diet.

Question 72

A major function of bile is to emulsify fats.

Question 73

Peristalsis refers to waves of muscular contractions.

Question 74

The teeth in the very front of your mouth are incisors.

Question 75

An example of a complex carbohydrate is sucrose.

Question 76

Bile is produced in the gallbladder.

Question 77

Identify two vitamins and two minerals and provide a one-sentence explanation for the functions of each.

Question 78

Free-living flatworms extend the pharynx out through their mouth and secrete digestive enzymes onto their prey.

Question 79

Briefly explain the process by which the components of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich would be absorbed once they have been broken down.

Question 80

Chylomicrons are protein-covered fat droplets.