Deck 50: Reproduction

Question 1

Internal fertilization is more advantageous than external fertilization because internal fertilization

A) permits cross-species fertilization.
B) is more open to chance.
C) produces a motile egg.
D) increases the life span of gametes.
E) provides a protective environment.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Where are mitochondria present in the sperm?

A) Acrosome
B) Head
C) Midpiece
D) Tail
E) Throughout the cell

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 50-1 ​

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The spermatids are the cells in the accompanying figure labeled as

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Arrange the stages of sperm development in chronological order.
(1) Sperm
(2) Spermatid
(3) Primary spermatocyte
(4) Secondary spermatocyte
(5) Spermatogonium

A) 5 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
B) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5
D) 2 → 5 → 3 → 4 → 1
E) 3 → 4 → 5 → 2 → 1

Question 5

Figure 50-2 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. The function of the structure labeled as 3 is to

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Question 6

Sexual reproduction involves which of the following processes?

A) Splitting
B) Budding
C) Fertilization
D) Fragmentation
E) Parthenogenesis

Question 7

The mathematical model developed by Wayne Getz predicts the existence of asexual or sexual reproduction within a population. Which statement best describes this model?

A) The offspring produced by sexual reproduction would be most successful in a stable environment.
B) Clones produced by asexual reproduction would succeed in an unstable environment.
C) Both reproductive strategies would coexist under conditions of moderate change.
D) One assumption is that the offspring of sexual reproduction will use resources in the same way.
E) One assumption is that the offspring of asexual reproduction will use resources differently.

Question 8

Figure 50-2 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the labeled structures refers to the prostate gland?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 9

What would occur if humans reproduced by parthenogenesis?

A) Males would need to produce more sperm.
B) External fertilization would be necessary.
C) Number of women in the population would increase.
D) Population would not reproduce asexually.
E) No gametes would be produced.

Question 10

Figure 50-2 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. If a cut was made between numbers 6 and 10, ____.

A) seminal fluid would not be produced
B) sperm cells would not be produced
C) sperm maturation would be inhibited
D) the seminal vesicles and the testes would be below the cut
E) sperm cells would not be released

Question 11

Which statement with regard to Sertoli cells is FALSE?

A) They secrete hormones.
B) They are joined by tight junctions.
C) They form a blood-testis barrier.
D) They phagocytize discarded sperm cytoplasm.
E) They help move the sperm into the blood.

Question 12

Figure 50-2 ​

​
In the accompanying figure, what is the function of the structure that is labeled as 7?

A) Maintaining sperm below body temperature
B) Storing of mature sperm
C) Producing prostaglandins
D) Producing nutritive fluid to support active sperm
E) Producing alkaline fluid to protect sperm in the vagina

Question 13

Figure 50-2 ​

​
Refer to the accompanying figure. The function of the structure labeled as 6 is to

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Question 14

Mature sperm are stored in the ______.

A) abdominal wall.
B) scrotum.
C) epididymis.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) vas deferens.

Question 15

One advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that

A) sexual reproduction is faster.
B) sexual reproduction is less difficult to achieve.
C) sexual reproduction is particularly effective for sessile animals.
D) sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity.
E) sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.

Question 16

Figure 50-1 ​

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Based on the accompanying figure, which label describes diploid cells?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 17

In an adult male, the ____ extends through the inguinal canal.

A) scrotum
B) ejaculatory duct
C) vas deferens
D) seminal vesicles
E) urethra

Question 18

The function of the bulbourethral gland is to

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Question 19

Which group can reproduce asexually?

A) Amphibians
B) Insects
C) Gastropods
D) Fishes
E) Cnidarians

Question 20

Which structure connects to the scrotum?

A) An acrosome
B) A flagellum
C) A head
D) An inguinal canal
E) A midpiece

Question 21

Which hormone stimulates masculine physical characteristics?

A) Inhibin
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Interstitial cell stimulating hormone
D) Luteinizing hormone
E) Testosterone

Question 22

Figure 50-4 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. On which day of a 28-day menstrual cycle would you predict that estrogen levels would peak?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 16
D) 19
E) 22

Question 23

Which accessory gland produces prostaglandins?

A) Seminal vesicles
B) Prostate gland
C) Bulbourethral glands
D) Vas deferens
E) Testes

Question 24

An example of a primary sex characteristic in males is

A) growth of facial hair.
B) growth of body hair.
C) spermatogenesis.
D) muscle development.
E) increase in length of vocal cords.

Question 25

Organize the sequence of structures through which sperm must pass upon ejaculation. (1) Urethra
(2) Ejaculatory duct
(3) Epididymis
(4) Vas deferens

A) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
B) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
D) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1
E) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

Question 26

Fertility is impaired when a male's sperm count drops below ____ sperm per milliliter of semen, and the male is considered sterile if his sperm count drops below ____ sperm per milliliter of semen.

A) 500 million; 200 million
B) 100 million; 50 million
C) 35 million; 20 million
D) 2 million; 1 million
E) 500,000; 100,000

Question 27

In males, gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the ____ to secrete ____.

A) anterior pituitary; inhibin
B) anterior pituitary; FSH and LH
C) anterior pituitary; testosterone
D) posterior pituitary; FSH and LH
E) posterior pituitary; testosterone

Question 28

Figure 50-4 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about the corpus luteum is FALSE?

A) It is responsible for the second peak in the line labeled as 1.
B) It is responsible for the second peak in the line labeled as 2.
C) It is responsible for the first peak in the line labeled as 1.
D) It develops from the empty follicle following ovulation.
E) It is most active between days 18 and 26.

Question 29

One secondary spermatocyte ultimately produces

A) one mature sperm.
B) two mature sperm.
C) four mature sperm.
D) eight mature sperm.
E) an indeterminate number of sperm.

Question 30

Figure 50-4 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. The peak in ____ around day 21 corresponds with ____.

A) luteinizing hormone; ovulation
B) follicle-stimulating hormone; the development of the follicle
C) estrogen; breakdown of the endometrium
D) progesterone; continuing to build up the endometrium
E) estrogen; ovulation

Question 31

Spermatogenesis takes place in which of the following structures?

A) Seminiferous tubules
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Prostate gland
D) Bulbourethral glands
E) Glans

Question 32

What does prostate-specific antigen (PS A) do?

A) Clots semen in the vagina
B) Lubricates the penis for penetration
C) Provides nutrition for sperm while in the vagina
D) Unclots semen in the vagina
E) Neutralizes acids in the vagina

Question 33

Which cells in the testes secrete testosterone?

A) Sertoli cells
B) Luteinizing cells
C) Glycoprotein cells
D) Interstitial cells
E) Sperm cells

Question 34

Sperm pass through several stages during their development. The earliest stage in which the cell becomes haploid is the

A) sperm.
B) spermatid.
C) primary spermatocyte.
D) secondary spermatocyte.
E) spermatogonium.

Question 35

Both male and female gonads function to produce _____, _____, and _______.

A) gametes; erections; secondary sexual characteristics
B) gametes; hormones; secondary sexual characteristics
C) gametes; embryos; primary sexual characteristics
D) gametes; hormones; sex drive
E) hormones; secondary sexual characteristics; sex drive

Question 36

Which substance inhibits FSH production in males?

A) Testosterone
B) Epinephrine
C) Inhibin
D) Estrogen
E) Viagra

Question 37

Which of the following sequences is correct ?

A) Males: inhibin: secreted by sperm cells
B) Males: Luteinizing hormone: stimulate production of androgen binding protein
C) Males: gonadotropin-releasing hormone: stimulate LH and FSH secretion
D) Females: progesterone: stimulate ovulation
E) Females: inhibin: decreased secretion of FSH

Question 38

______ blocks the action of an enzyme that breaks down the signaling molecule that sustains erection.

A) Epinephrine
B) Lipitor
C) Viagra
D) Elequis
E) Ibuprofen

Question 39

The seminal vesicles secrete

A) fructose, which nourishes the developing embryo.
B) a basic fluid, which neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina.
C) mucus, which lubricates the penis.
D) sperm, which fertilize the ovum.
E) prostaglandins, which stimulate contraction of the uterus.

Question 40

The erectile tissue in the penis includes the

A) epididymis.
B) mons pubis.
C) cavernous bodies.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) vas deferens.

Question 41

Which hormone that signals the mother's corpus luteum to continue to function?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) LH
E) FSH

Question 42

The lining of the uterus is called the

A) diaphragm.
B) endothelium.
C) endometrium.
D) hymen.
E) cervix.

Question 43

Figure 50-3 ​

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In the accompanying figure, fertilization occurs within which of the labeled structures?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 7
E) 8

Question 44

Figure 50-3 ​

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Which structure in the accompanying figure is responsible for the production of hormones?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) 7

Question 45

Figure 50-3 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. The cervix is labeled

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 7
E) 8

Question 46

After fertilization, which hormone is secreted by the developing embryo to maintain the function of the corpus luteum?

A) GnRH
B) FSH
C) hCG
D) ACTH
E) LH

Question 47

Which of the following hormones stimulates ovulation?

A) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Estrogen
E) Progesterone

Question 48

Which technique is most routine for breast cancer screening?

A) Breast MRI
B) Breast CT scan
C) Mammogram
D) Serum PSA assay
E) Genetic testing for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

Question 49

Fertilization normally occurs in the ____.

A) vagina
B) oviducts
C) uterus
D) labia major
E) cervix

Question 50

Figure 50-3 ​

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Which structure in the accompanying figure is a common site of cancer that can usually be detected by a Pap smear?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 51

In the female, ____ stimulates ovulation.

A) GnRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) estrogen
E) progesterone

Question 52

In the female, the____ serves as a temporary endocrine gland and secretes ____.

A) pituitary; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
B) ovaries; testosterone and luteinizing hormone
C) endometrium; estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone
D) corpus luteum; progesterone and estrogen
E) uterus; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 53

Arrange the following stages of oogenesis in sequential order.
(1) Secondary oocyte
(2) Oogonium
(3) Ovum
(4) Primary oocyte

A) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3
B) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
C) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
D) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
E) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3

Question 54

Which of the following is part of the vulva?

A) Urethra
B) Vestibule of the vagina
C) Cervix
D) Endometrium
E) Mons pubis

Question 55

One function of the developing follicle is to

A) stimulate ovulation.
B) secrete progesterone.
C) secrete estrogens.
D) secrete prolactin.
E) secrete glycoproteins.

Question 56

The female erectile structure analogous to the male glans penis is the

A) vulva.
B) labia majora.
C) mons pubis.
D) hymen.
E) clitoris.

Question 57

Which hormone causes contraction of the uterus?

A) Cortisol
B) Oxytocin
C) Prostaglandins
D) Progesterone
E) Estrogen

Question 58

Which hormone is secreted by the ovary after ovulation, but not before?

A) LH
B) FSH
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
E) hCG

Question 59

The ____ develops into a corpus luteum.

A) zona pellucida
B) uterine wall
C) primary oocyte
D) secondary oocyte
E) follicle

Question 60

Granulosa cells surround a

A) primary oocyte.
B) secondary oocyte.
C) primary spermatocyte.
D) secondary spermatocyte.
E) Sertoli cell.

Question 61

What occurs during the second stage of labor?

A) The cervix begins to dilate.
B) The cervix becomes effaced.
C) The fetus is "delivered."
D) The uterus begins to contract.
E) The amnion breaks.

Question 62

The acrosome contains enzymes that

A) digest the zona pellucida.
B) digest the endometrium.
C) stimulate ovulation.
D) stimulate sperm motility.
E) inhibit premature ejaculation.

Question 63

Testosterone is produced by the interstitial cells.

Question 64

In females, a primary oocyte completes meiosis II at the time of fertilization.

Question 65

Parthenogenesis is a form of sexual reproduction.

Question 66

Acrosomes contain nutrients for the developing sperm cells, and they also secrete hormones and other signaling molecules.

Question 67

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction?

Question 68

Afterbirth refers collectively to the

A) fetus and the placenta.
B) fetus and the surrounding fetal membranes.
C) fetus and the umbilical cord.
D) placenta and the fetal membranes.
E) fetus, the umbilical cord, and the placenta.

Question 69

Spermatogenesis takes place in the epididymis.

Question 70

For sexually active females, which method of contraception is most reliable?

A) Tubal ligation
B) IUD
C) Injectable contraceptives
D) Oral contraceptives
E) Condom/spermicide combination

Question 71

Which of the following is the phase of maximum physical sensation?

A) Orgasm
B) Stimulation
C) Resolution
D) Plateau
E) Sexual excitement

Question 72

Identify two different types of contraception, one chemical and one surgical. Discuss the mode of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of each method identified.

Question 73

Sperm travel from the epididymis directly into the vas deferens.

Question 74

An example of a secondary sexual characteristic in males is spermatogenesis.

Question 75

In hermaphroditism, a single individual produces both sperm and eggs.

Question 76

Which of the following is the least effective method of contraception?

A) Progestin
B) Tubal ligation
C) IUDs
D) Rhythm method
E) Spermicidal foam

Question 77

Secondary spermatocytes are produced in the first meiotic division.

Question 78

Identify two sexually transmitted diseases, listing the symptoms, effects, and treatments for each.

Question 79

The bulbourethral glands secrete a fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins.

Question 80

A laparoscope is used to guide the transfer of eggs into a woman's oviduct in

A) intrauterine insemination.
B) host mothering.
C) in vitro fertilization.
D) gamete intrafallopian transfer.
E) zygote intrafallopian transfer.