Deck 57: Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Question 1

Today, the major danger to species is

A) hunting by humans.
B) introduction of exotic species.
C) destruction of habitats.
D) predator control.
E) commercial harvesting.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The breakup of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches is called

A) extinction.
B) habitat fragmentation.
C) invasive species.
D) unsuitable territory.
E) habitat endangerment.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which endangered species has become so due to its specialized feeding habits?

A) Human beings
B) Blue whales
C) Giant pandas
D) California condor
E) Green sea turtle

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Some animals are facing extinction as a direct result of deliberate efforts to exterminate them because of their perceived harm to economically useful species. Examples of these include

A) cheetahs and rhinos.
B) passenger pigeons and cheetahs.
C) prairie dogs and rhinos.
D) rhinos and macaws.
E) mountain lions and wolves.

Question 5

An example of an animal already extinct as a result of overhunting is the

A) rhino.
B) passenger pigeon.
C) macaw.
D) Carolina parakeet.
E) wolf.

Question 6

The introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native is called

A) parasitization.
B) infestation.
C) fragmentation.
D) biotic pollution.
E) commercial harvest.

Question 7

The ability to meet humanity's current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is

A) environmental sustainability.
B) species richness.
C) biosphere diversity.
D) resource conservation.
E) habitat regeneration.

Question 8

The legal definition of a(n) ________ species is a species in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range.

A) threatened
B) extinct
C) endangered
D) declining
E) ancient

Question 9

Which of the following is reported to cause deformities in amphibians in the Sierra Nevadas of California?

A) Pesticides
B) Pollution
C) Trematodes
D) Atrazine
E) Predators

Question 10

Building roads, parking lots, buildings and bridges all contribute to

A) biotic pollution.
B) commercial harvest.
C) habitat destruction.
D) ex situ conservation.
E) restoration ecology.

Question 11

An example of ex situ conservation is a

A) national park.
B) zoo.
C) reserve.
D) pet store.
E) circus.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a shared characteristic that makes threatened and endangered species vulnerable to extinction?

A) Having a broad range
B) Living on islands
C) Needing specialized breeding areas
D) Requiring a large territory
E) Having a low reproductive success

Question 13

When a species dies, the species is said to be

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 14

Animals that are being hunted (often illegally) for bush meat value include

A) rhinos and bears.
B) cheetahs and snow leopards.
C) primates and anteaters
D) elephants and bears
E) mountain lions and black-footed ferrets.

Question 15

Which animal is incorrectly matched with its desired product?

A) Tiger−fur
B) Bear−liver
C) Anteaters−bush meat
D) Rhinos−horns
E) Elephant-tusks

Question 16

An unprotected area of naturally occurring plant and animal assemblages that is surrounded by unsuitable territory due to development or habitat destruction is referred to by biologists as

A) an island.
B) ex situ conservation.
C) a reserve.
D) a park.
E) a refuge.

Question 17

______ is an index of the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem.

A) Species richness
B) Genetic diversity
C) Ecosystem diversity
D) Biological diversity
E) Environmental sustainability

Question 18

When the death of species is less imminent, but the population of a particular species is quite small, it is defined as being

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 19

A species' numbers are so severely reduced that it is in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range. This species would be considered

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 20

Biotic pollution has been particularly harmful to native species

A) in deserts.
B) in tundra.
C) on islands.
D) in tropical rain forests.
E) in grasslands.

Question 21

____ includes the establishment of parks and reserves, concentrates on preserving biological diversity in nature.

A) Host mothering
B) Artificial insemination
C) In situ conservation
D) In vitro fertilization
E) Ex situ conservation

Question 22

Figure 57-1 ​

​
In the accompanying figure, the process labeled as 3 illustrates an action that is reduced by greenhouse gas accumulation. What is this action?

A) Heat redirection to the surface
B) Heat radiation into space
C) Heat reflection into space
D) Heat trapping on the surface
E) Heat generation by the surface

Question 23

Perhaps the biggest problem associated with the Endangered Species Act as it currently stands is that it

A) tends to protect a limited number of organisms.
B) often under-represents mammals and insects.
C) protects animals whose populations are increasing.
D) currently protects ecosystem diversity.
E) has not been amended since its passage in 1962.

Question 24

Setting aside areas for parks and reserves is an example of ______.

A) host mothering.
B) artificial insemination.
C) in situ conservation.
D) in vitro fertilization.
E) ex situ conservation.

Question 25

What bird, due to human efforts, has been removed from the endangered species list and is now listed as threatened?

A) Passenger pigeon
B) Dusky seaside sparrow
C) Hyacinth macaw
D) Bald eagle
E) Carolina parakeet

Question 26

Which action best illustrates in situ conservation?

A) Breeding captive species in zoos
B) Collecting eggs from nature
C) Participating in artificial insemination
D) Breeding captive species and collecting eggs from nature
E) Designating a large area as a national reserve

Question 27

Deforestation

A) retards soil erosion.
B) releases carbon dioxide that may contribute to global warming.
C) has no effect on the extinction of biological species.
D) promotes the preservation of tropical birds.
E) is only a threat to tropical rain forests.

Question 28

Deforestation in the boreal forests is due primarily to

A) commercial logging for rare woods to be used in furniture.
B) commercial logging subsistence agriculture.
C) clear-cut logging for industrial wood.
D) slash-and-burn agriculture for farming
E) slash-and-burn agriculture for cattle ranching.

Question 29

What is a practice in which farmers often follow loggers' access roads, cut down the trees, burn the area, and plant crops immediately?

A) Monoculture
B) Subsistence agriculture
C) Slash-and-burn agriculture
D) Cattle ranching
E) Subsistence ranching

Question 30

Between 1990 and 2010, which greenhouse gas increased the most to the warming effect of the planet?

A) Methane
B) Nitrous oxide
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Carbon monoxide
E) Water vapor

Question 31

The problems associated with slash-and-burn agriculture are most closely related to

A) greed by international corporations.
B) subsistence agriculture.
C) consumption by highly developed countries.
D) cattle ranching.
E) timber for export.

Question 32

Many of the logged boreal forests are replanted, to grow and be harvested in the future

A) but they are often re-logged before growth is sufficient.
B) but they are not sustainable.
C) but biodiversity is significantly reduced.
D) but the quality of the subsequent wood is inferior.
E) but logging companies often sell the land to mining industries.

Question 33

A biodiversity hotspot is a(n)

A) protected area with a low humans population.
B) island where humans are leaving.
C) area rich in endemic species and human population.
D) type of corridor where humans are rapidly migrating.
E) area low in endemic species in a tropical location.

Question 34

Which of the following is a predicted effect of continued global warming?

A) Greater impact on plant species in particular
B) Thermal contraction of a cooler ocean
C) Increased precipitation and flooding in mid-latitude continental interiors
D) Decreased frequency and intensity of storms
E) Overall increase in agricultural productivity

Question 35

In the United States, the largest group of endangered species is

A) mammals.
B) flowering plants.
C) insects.
D) birds.
E) amphibians.

Question 36

In ____, sperm from a male of an endangered species is used to impregnate a female of that same species.

A) host mothering
B) captive breeding
C) artificial insemination
D) commercial harvesting
E) sperm banking

Question 37

Figure 57-1 ​

​
According to the accompanying figure, global warming would result from an increase in which of the labeled components?

A) 1 and 2
B) 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3
E) 4

Question 38

The use of the principles of ecology to return a degraded environment to as functional a state as possible is called

A) in situ conservation.
B) ex situ conservation.
C) conservation biology.
D) restoration ecology.
E) corridor formation.

Question 39

Commercial logging

A) cuts trees primarily for use by developing countries.
B) cuts trees for subsistence farmers.
C) cuts trees primarily for export.
D) is a very sustainable practice in the tropics.
E) is most prevalent in temperate deciduous forests.

Question 40

Which of the following will prevent the further buildup of greenhouse gases?

A) Choose furniture made from exotic hardwoods.
B) Use your automobile less, and ride a bicycle more.
C) Produce more waste that goes to landfills.
D) Buy an air conditioner that uses chlorofluorocarbons.
E) Buy an automobile with poor fuel efficiency.

Question 41

An example of commercial harvest is the introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native.

Question 42

By definition, an endemic species is a species that is not found anywhere else in the world.

Question 43

Biologists generally agree that climate change will have an especially severe effect on ____

A) birds
B) plants
C) fish
D) reptiles
E) bacteria

Question 44

Differentiate between the following terms: threatened species and endangered species.

Question 45

Which of the following is considered a key human-made contributor to global warming?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Ethane
E) Surface ozone

Question 46

The term species richness refers to the number of species in a specific location.

Question 47

The Montreal Protocol

A) has not yet resulted in measurable decreases in the quantity of global warming chemicals.
B) has not yet been ratified by the U.S. Senate.
C) banned global use of CFCs by 1998.
D) was signed by all 50 states.
E) limited production of CFCs.

Question 48

An example of ex situ conservation is a national park.

Question 49

Host mothering is technique important in in situ conservation.

Question 50

An example of an ecosystem service is the boreal forest contributing to the proper functioning of the global nitrogen cycle.

Question 51

In slash-and-burn agriculture, the yield from the first crop is usually quite high.

Question 52

Which of the following has increased as a direct result of stratospheric ozone depletion?

A) CO₂
B) UVB
C) CFCs
D) Nitrous oxides
E) Sulfur oxides

Question 53

Differentiate between the effects of global warming and ozone depletion.

Question 54

Habitat corridors allow animals to move from one habitat fragment to another.

Question 55

Stratospheric ozone is important because it

A) traps reradiated heat from Earth.
B) prevents heat penetration from the sun.
C) replenishes the surface ozone layer.
D) dissipates the surface ozone layer.
E) blocks solar UV radiation.

Question 56

Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming by absorbing UV radiation.

Question 57

Researchers report that the Zika virus epidemic of 2015-2016, which spread rapidly from South America to Mexico, Florida, and Puerto Rico, was aided by ______ and by______.

A) El Niño; higher temperatures
B) El Niño; shifts in ocean currents
C) El Niño; La Niña
D) ozone depletion; global climate change
E) global climate change; El Niño

Question 58

A threatened species is a species in imminent danger of extinction.

Question 59

An example of in situ conservation is a seed bank.

Question 60

State two reasons why tropical rain forests are being destroyed today.

Question 65

The greenhouse gas presently at highest concentration in the Earth's atmosphere is methane.

Question 66

Describe the results of deforestation that exclude the loss of habitat and biodiversity.

Question 71

An example of an atom or molecule that directly breaks down O3 is CFC.

Question 77

Briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages to in situ and ex situ conservation?

Question 78

Ozone molecules in the stratosphere shield the Earth from damaging UV radiation.

Question 79

Give examples of at least two species that are either extinct or facing extinction due to each of the following: (1) destruction of habitat, (2) biotic pollution, (3) unregulated hunting and poaching.