Deck 15: Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

To obtain maximum muscle strength, one should take amino acid supplements daily.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Dietary patterns consisting only of plant foods can provide an adequate amount of complete proteins.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The biggest users of amino acid supplements are athletes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Protein serves as an energy source.

Question 5

Amino acid supplements are harmless no matter how much is taken.

Question 6

Essential amino acids or protein supplements by themselves can increase muscle size and strength.

Question 7

Every protein in the body is composed of the same combination of amino acids.

Question 8

A standard serving of meat is about the size of your whole hand.

Question 9

A negative nitrogen balance may occur with undernutrition, injuries, and fever.

Question 10

Dried beans and grains are good sources of protein.

Question 11

Diets high in protein are linked to the development of weak bones, kidney stones, cancer, heart disease, and obesity.

Question 12

Consumption of 45% of total calories from protein is considered safe for athletes.

Question 13

A person is considered to be in negative nitrogen balance when his or her intake of nitrogen is greater than nitrogen excretion.

Question 14

During starvation, body proteins will be used as a major source of energy.

Question 15

Kwashiorkor occurs primarily because of the deficiency of protein.

Question 16

The assembly of amino acids into proteins is directed by DNA.

Question 17

A human body cannot produce nonessential amino acids; therefore, a fresh supply of these amino acids is needed daily.

Question 18

A positive nitrogen balance indicates that some of the protein consumed is being retained and used to build up body protein tissues.

Question 19

Milk is a complete protein.

Question 20

Tyrosine is an essential amino acid.

Question 21

Which of the following protein sources has the highest iron content?

A) hamburger
B) pork chop
C) tuna
D) shrimp
E) baked chicken

Question 22

Essential amino acids _____.

A) are required in larger amounts than nonessential amino acids
B) are mostly synthesized by the body
C) are more important than the nonessential amino acids
D) must be obtained from the diet
E) are also referred to as "dispensable amino acids"

Question 23

The primary structure of proteins is _____.

A) a branched arrangement of linked amino acids
B) a linear arrangement of linked amino acids
C) folded chains of amino acids
D) a three-dimensional structure
E) multiple, linked chains of amino acids

Question 24

How many common amino acids form proteins?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 50

Question 25

The RDA for protein is _____ grams for adult women and _____ grams for adult men.

A) 25; 35
B) 32; 42
C) 41; 49
D) 46; 56
E) 50; 62

Question 26

During starvation, to meet the need for energy, the body will extract protein from the liver, intestines, heart, muscles, and other organs and tissues.

Question 27

Amino acids missing their nitrogen component are converted to _____ that can then be used to form energy.

A) fructose or lactose
B) glycogen or lactose
C) maltose or sucrose
D) glucose or glycogen
E) glucose or fat

Question 28

What causes some children with protein-calorie malnutrition to develop kwashiorkor?

A) high consumption of fiber
B) genetic traits triggered by low protein intake
C) an inability to utilize protein and fat normally during starvation
D) an allergic reaction to certain essential amino acids
E) lack of physical activity

Question 29

High intake of protein increases _____ need.

A) glucose
B) water
C) fat
D) iron
E) calcium

Question 30

Robert is an older adult who wants to increase his muscle mass and strength and has recently started a resistance training program. To enhance muscle mass, Robert should consume _____ grams of high-quality protein shortly after his workout.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30
E) 40

Question 31

The National Academy of Sciences has concluded that the risk of the development of weak bones, kidney stones, cancer, heart disease, and obesity due to high-protein diets does not appear to be increased among individuals consuming _____% of total calories from protein.

A) 5-15
B) 10-20
C) 10-35
D) 20-40
E) 30-45

Question 32

There are _____ essential amino acids.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 11
E) 20

Question 33

Melatonin is a derivative of the essential amino acid _____.

A) histidine
B) valine
C) tryptophan
D) threonine
E) lysine

Question 34

Proteins _____.

A) are only found in animal products
B) cushion vital organs
C) are critical for nerve function
D) function as an insulator to preserve body heat
E) are a major component of hormones

Question 35

Consumption of 45% of total calories from protein is related to the development of symptoms such as _____.

A) heartburn
B) constipation
C) depression
D) nausea
E) increased muscle mass

Question 36

High-protein diets are often accompanied by high _____ intake.

A) carbohydrate
B) added sugar
C) fat
D) fiber
E) alcohol

Question 37

Which source of protein is considered a complete protein?

A) corn
B) rice
C) lima beans
D) peanuts
E) milk

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a nonessential amino acid?

A) histidine
B) isoleucine
C) tryptophan
D) alanine
E) valine

Question 39

Red blood cells are made primarily from protein.

Question 40

Diets that provide too little protein are most likely deficient in _____.

A) vitamin B ₁₂
B) vitamin D
C) calcium
D) sodium
E) potassium

Question 41

Which of the following is a function of melatonin?

A) it promotes sleep
B) it prevents night blindness
C) it repairs damaged tissues
D) it synthesizes essential amino acids
E) it regulates the body's fluid balance

Question 42

Sam has started following a strength training program this semester and is trying to increase his muscle size and strength. He has had trouble eating a healthy, balanced diet in the past and is currently trying to eat a balanced diet with adequate calories and protein. However, he is unsure if he is getting enough protein because he follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, in which he consumes dairy products and eggs, but no fish or meat.
Sam has been looking into ways to supplement his diet with amino acid supplements. However, Sam's sister Katie is concerned that the supplements could adversely affect his health. Answer the following questions to help Sam make the best decisions for increasing protein intake without experiencing negative side effects.
What should Sam do within an hour after his workout to enhance muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass, and muscle recovery?

A) Take a walk, and drink plenty of water.
B) Consume some caffeine.
C) Drink a fruit smoothie.
D) Consume 20 grams of high-quality protein.
E) Take a nap.

Question 44

Which of the following amino acids is essential?

A) asparagine
B) tryptophan
C) glycine
D) glutamine
E) proline

Question 45

Excessive consumption of methionine promotes _____.

A) better sleep patterns in infants
B) the development of the brain in the fetus
C) the hardening of arteries
D) the development of muscle mass
E) physical growth in young children

Question 46

Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth, pregnancy, _____, and recovery from illness or injury.

A) fasting
B) breastfeeding
C) undernutrition
D) burns
E) fever

Question 47

Sam has started following a strength training program this semester and is trying to increase his muscle size and strength. He has had trouble eating a healthy, balanced diet in the past and is currently trying to eat a balanced diet with adequate calories and protein. However, he is unsure if he is getting enough protein because he follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, in which he consumes dairy products and eggs, but no fish or meat.
Sam has been looking into ways to supplement his diet with amino acid supplements. However, Sam's sister Katie is concerned that the supplements could adversely affect his health. Answer the following questions to help Sam make the best decisions for increasing protein intake without experiencing negative side effects.
Sam is excited to try some different amino acid supplements he believes might enhance his muscle strength. What should his sister Katie tell him?

A) It might be a good idea to supplement his diet because he is a vegetarian.
B) Only purchase amino acids supplements that are highly recommended by the sales staff at the supplement store.
C) The purity, dosage, and safety of the amino acid supplements available on the Web and in stores are not guaranteed.
D) Amino acid supplements are not safe, and he should try protein powders.
E) The supplements will most likely work better for muscle strength building than high-quality protein from foods.

Question 48

The tertiary structure of proteins is _____.

A) a branched arrangement of linked amino acids
B) a linear arrangement of linked amino acids
C) folded chains of amino acids
D) a three-dimensional structure
E) multiple, linked chains of amino acids

Question 49

The RDA for iron for women aged 19 to 30 years is _____ milligrams.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
E) 30

Question 50

Describe three functions of protein in the human body.

Question 51

Which food has the highest protein content (percentage of total calories)?

A) tuna (3 oz)
B) cottage cheese (½ cup)
C) skim milk (1 cup)
D) tofu (½ cup)
E) leg of lamb (3 oz)

Question 52

The process of protein turnover utilizes roughly _____ ounces of protein each day.

A) three
B) six
C) nine
D) twelve
E) fifteen

Question 53

Hemoglobin is an example of a _____ type of protein structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) quinary

Question 54

Which protein source is considered a complete source of protein for adults but may not meet the essential amino acid requirements for young infants?

A) oatmeal
B) whole wheat bread
C) lima beans
D) peanut butter
E) soybeans

Question 55

Which food has the lowest protein content (percentage of total calories)?

A) tuna (3 oz)
B) cottage cheese (½ cup)
C) skim milk (1 cup)
D) tofu (½ cup)
E) leg of lamb (3 oz)

Question 56

Sam has started following a strength training program this semester and is trying to increase his muscle size and strength. He has had trouble eating a healthy, balanced diet in the past and is currently trying to eat a balanced diet with adequate calories and protein. However, he is unsure if he is getting enough protein because he follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, in which he consumes dairy products and eggs, but no fish or meat.
Sam has been looking into ways to supplement his diet with amino acid supplements. However, Sam's sister Katie is concerned that the supplements could adversely affect his health. Answer the following questions to help Sam make the best decisions for increasing protein intake without experiencing negative side effects.
Which food in Sam's diet should he consume after a workout?

A) whole-grain bread
B) a hard-boiled egg
C) coffee
D) steel-cut oats
E) a banana

Question 57

Inadequate protein intake is related to _____ in children.

A) impulsiveness
B) slower reaction times
C) hyperactivity
D) decreased growth
E) violent behavior

Question 58

A protein contains _____ calories per gram.

A) two
B) four
C) five
D) seven
E) nine

Question 59

Which source of protein is considered an incomplete protein?

A) cheese
B) pinto beans
C) skim milk
D) eggs
E) fish

Question 60

High-protein diets are often accompanied by low _____ intakes.

A) carbohydrate
B) added sugar
C) fat
D) fiber
E) alcohol