Deck 23: Good Things to Know About Minerals

Question 1

The DASH dietary pattern is a basic component of hypertension treatment.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

About 99% of the calcium in the body is located in bones and teeth, and the remaining 1% is found in blood and other body fluids.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Hypertension substantially increases the risk that a person will develop heart disease or kidney failure.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The majority of minerals are lost during the preparation of dried fruits.

Question 5

Foods cooked in iron and stainless steel pans are a significant source of iron because the iron in the pan leaches out while cooking.

Question 6

Iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children is related to lasting retardation in mental development.

Question 7

The most widespread nutritional deficiency in both developing and developed countries is iron deficiency.

Question 8

The calcium present in spinach and collard greens is poorly absorbed by the body because it is firmly bound to oxalic acid.

Question 9

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in muscle cells.

Question 10

A deficiency of iron during pregnancy produces cretinism in the offspring.

Question 11

The ingestion of seawater decreases the need for water.

Question 12

Most of the body's iron supply is found in myoglobin.

Question 13

Manganese is not an essential mineral.

Question 14

Vitamin D is required for the absorption of calcium and the incorporation of calcium into bones.

Question 15

On average, 32% of the calcium content of milk and milk products is absorbed.

Question 16

The body contains 40 or more minerals.

Question 17

Zinc in whole-grain products is readily available because it is tightly bound to a protein.

Question 18

Electroencephalograms record electrical activity in the heart.

Question 19

The majority of our total sodium intake enters our diet from fresh foods.

Question 20

Minerals consist of a single atom and carry a charge.

Question 21

_____ increase the absorption of iron, thus causing iron toxicity.

A) Tea
B) Egg
C) Milk
D) Corn
E) Alcohol

Question 22

Chromium is essential for _____.

A) maintaining the right acid-base balance of body fluids
B) the activation of many enzymes involved in the reproduction of proteins
C) nerve activity
D) the formation of bone
E) the normal utilization of glucose and fat

Question 23

The RDA for calcium is set at _____ mg per day for adults aged 19 to 50.

A) 1,000
B) 1,200
C) 1,400
D) 1,600
E) 1,800

Question 24

Which of the following foods decrease the risk of osteoporosis?

A) whole grains
B) processed meats
C) refined grains
D) fried foods
E) sweetened beverages

Question 25

Which of the following minerals is found abundantly in bones?

A) chromium
B) potassium
C) zinc
D) calcium
E) molybdenum

Question 26

Most of the iron in plants and eggs is tightly bound to substances such as _____, which limit iron absorption.

A) solanine or cyanide
B) cyanide or phytates
C) phytates or oxalic acid
D) oxalic acid or solanine
E) phytates or solanine

Question 27

Absorption of iron from plants is increased substantially if foods containing vitamin _____ are included in the same meal.

A) D
B) E
C) K
D) C
E) A

Question 28

The RDA for iron is set at _____ mg per day for women aged 19 to 50.

A) 15
B) 18
C) 21
D) 24
E) 27

Question 29

Once oxygen attaches to iron in hemoglobin, _____.

A) oxygen enters the lungs
B) carbon dioxide is released from the iron in haemoglobin
C) carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs
D) oxygenated hemoglobin is transported in blood to body cells
E) the iron in hemoglobin picks up carbon dioxide from cells and transports it to the lungs

Question 30

Peak bone density is reached somewhere between the ages of _____.

A) 10 and 20
B) 20 and 30
C) 30 and 40
D) 40 and 50
E) 50 and 60

Question 31

Calcium is essential for _____.

A) cholesterol production
B) normal utilization of glucose
C) protein formation
D) blood clotting
E) a strong immune system

Question 32

A consequence of iodine deficiency is _____.

A) thyroid disease
B) hair loss
C) slow wound healing
D) hypertension
E) diabetes

Question 33

Which food should you avoid if you wanted to limit sodium in your diet?

A) rice
B) almonds
C) salad dressing
D) chicken
E) orange juice

Question 34

Diets low in _____ are a well-established risk factor for hypertension.

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) magnesium
D) zinc
E) phosphorus

Question 35

Water balance and cell functions are upset when there is an imbalance in the body's supplies of _____.

A) sodium and potassium
B) copper and chromium
C) magnesium and zinc
D) iodine and selenium
E) chloride and fluoride

Question 36

The leading source of sodium in the U.S. diet is _____.

A) salt added at the table
B) processed foods
C) salt added during food preparation
D) meats
E) milk products

Question 37

Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by _____.

A) a decreased heart rate
B) paleness
C) tooth decay
D) muscle cramps
E) nausea and vomiting

Question 38

A primary function of fluoride is to _____.

A) protect cells from damage that occurs because of exposure to oxygen
B) activate enzymes that are required for blood clotting
C) maintain an appropriate water balance in the body
D) regulate energy production
E) help rebuild enamel that is beginning to decay

Question 39

A risk factor for osteoporosis is _____.

A) moderate alcohol intake
B) frequent stress
C) cigarette smoking
D) regular physical activity
E) obesity

Question 40

People whose sole source of zinc is _____ have developed zinc deficiency, even though their intake of zinc is adequate.

A) milk products
B) whole grains
C) nuts and seeds
D) legumes
E) meat

Question 41

Some plants such as _____ provide appreciable amounts of calcium.

A) carrots
B) tomatoes
C) peas
D) kale
E) corn

Question 42

Blood pressure levels less than _____ mm Hg are considered normal.

A) 80/60
B) 100/70
C) 120/80
D) 140/90
E) 160/100

Question 43

A risk factor for hypertension is _____.

A) deficient vitamin D status
B) menopause
C) physical inactivity
D) exposure to environmental toxins
E) depression

Question 44

Which mineral is a trace mineral?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) iron
D) zinc
E) potassium

Question 45

A consequence of phosphorus overdose is _____.

A) dehydration
B) an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
C) drowsiness
D) increased blood lipids
E) infertility in men

Question 46

The UL for sodium is set at _____ mg.

A) 2,100
B) 2,300
C) 2,500
D) 2,700
E) 2,900

Question 48

Which of these is a good source of potassium?

A) potatoes
B) corn
C) rice
D) pine nuts
E) bread

Question 49

Which food contains the most iron?

A) chicken (3 oz)
B) rye bread (1 slice)
C) fish (3 oz)
D) prune juice (1 cup)
E) peas (½ cup)

Question 50

Drew, Steven, Jen, and Lina are college friends who are shopping at the local discount store. As they walk through the pharmacy department, they notice an automated blood pressure machine that can be used for free. For fun, they all decide to check their blood pressure. Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg, Steven's reading is 138/89 mm Hg, Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg, and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg. 
While in the pharmacy section, they also look through the vast array of supplements. Jen is of Asian descent and has a family history of osteoporosis. She is a smoker and has a small skeletal framework. She needs calcium supplements but is not sure what would be an appropriate supplement to prevent osteoporosis.
In the past, Lina was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia; she is currently not taking any dietary supplements. She needs iron supplements but is confused about what to buy. Drew and Steven decide to purchase a large bottle of multivitamins to share. Neither Drew nor Steven consumes vegetables or fruits regularly. Hence, taking multivitamin supplements would be good for their health and reduce their risk of hypertension and stroke.
While at the discount store, the four friends also notice a lot of food products with the claim "reduced sodium." This label means the product _____.

A) contains 75% less sodium than the customary amount
B) contains less than 5 mg of sodium per serving
C) contains 140 mg or less of sodium per serving
D) contains at least 25% less sodium than the customary amount
E) had no salt added during processing

Question 51

Drew, Steven, Jen, and Lina are college friends who are shopping at the local discount store. As they walk through the pharmacy department, they notice an automated blood pressure machine that can be used for free. For fun, they all decide to check their blood pressure. Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg, Steven's reading is 138/89 mm Hg, Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg, and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg. 
While in the pharmacy section, they also look through the vast array of supplements. Jen is of Asian descent and has a family history of osteoporosis. She is a smoker and has a small skeletal framework. She needs calcium supplements but is not sure what would be an appropriate supplement to prevent osteoporosis.
In the past, Lina was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia; she is currently not taking any dietary supplements. She needs iron supplements but is confused about what to buy. Drew and Steven decide to purchase a large bottle of multivitamins to share. Neither Drew nor Steven consumes vegetables or fruits regularly. Hence, taking multivitamin supplements would be good for their health and reduce their risk of hypertension and stroke.
Lina is no longer anemic but would like to avoid becoming so in the future. What should she do?

A) purchase an iron supplement
B) purchase a multivitamin
C) include fortified grain products and meat in her diet
D) exercise regularly
E) reduce her sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day

Question 52

Excess iron absorbed into the body cannot be easily excreted and can result in diabetes, heart failure, and _____.

A) osteoporosis
B) kidney disease
C) joint pain
D) selenosis
E) liver disease

Question 53

A primary function of phosphorus is to _____.

A) maintain the right acid-base balance of body fluids
B) activate enzymes required for blood clotting
C) maintain nerve activity
D) help rebuild enamel that is beginning to decay
E) transport oxygen as a component of hemoglobin in the blood

Question 54

Much of the sodium on this planet is in the form of sodium _____.

A) carbonate
B) sulfate
C) bicarbonate
D) hydroxide
E) chloride

Question 55

Copper is essential for _____.

A) the formation of body fat
B) brain development
C) muscle activity
D) blood clotting
E) the production of thyroid hormone

Question 56

Drew, Steven, Jen, and Lina are college friends who are shopping at the local discount store. As they walk through the pharmacy department, they notice an automated blood pressure machine that can be used for free. For fun, they all decide to check their blood pressure. Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg, Steven's reading is 138/89 mm Hg, Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg, and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg. 
While in the pharmacy section, they also look through the vast array of supplements. Jen is of Asian descent and has a family history of osteoporosis. She is a smoker and has a small skeletal framework. She needs calcium supplements but is not sure what would be an appropriate supplement to prevent osteoporosis.
In the past, Lina was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia; she is currently not taking any dietary supplements. She needs iron supplements but is confused about what to buy. Drew and Steven decide to purchase a large bottle of multivitamins to share. Neither Drew nor Steven consumes vegetables or fruits regularly. Hence, taking multivitamin supplements would be good for their health and reduce their risk of hypertension and stroke.
Who has prehypertension?

A) Lina
B) Drew
C) Steven
D) Jen and Lina
E) Drew and Steven

Question 57

Drew, Steven, Jen, and Lina are college friends who are shopping at the local discount store. As they walk through the pharmacy department, they notice an automated blood pressure machine that can be used for free. For fun, they all decide to check their blood pressure. Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg, Steven's reading is 138/89 mm Hg, Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg, and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg. 
While in the pharmacy section, they also look through the vast array of supplements. Jen is of Asian descent and has a family history of osteoporosis. She is a smoker and has a small skeletal framework. She needs calcium supplements but is not sure what would be an appropriate supplement to prevent osteoporosis.
In the past, Lina was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia; she is currently not taking any dietary supplements. She needs iron supplements but is confused about what to buy. Drew and Steven decide to purchase a large bottle of multivitamins to share. Neither Drew nor Steven consumes vegetables or fruits regularly. Hence, taking multivitamin supplements would be good for their health and reduce their risk of hypertension and stroke.
What should Jen do to decrease her risk of developing osteoporosis?

A) try medications that enhance bone formation
B) get plenty of sunlight and consume dairy products
C) lose weight
D) reduce her stress
E) regularly consume seafood