Deck 21: Phytochemicals

Question 1

A phytochemical present in apples, onions, and grapes influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The FDA has banned the sale of beverages containing both caffeine and alcohol.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Soaking cassava roots in water for three nights will get rid of the cyanide.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Antioxidants in plants prevent and repair damage to cell functions by scavenging oxidized particles and neutralizing their destructive effects.

Question 5

The macula is yellow because it contains anthocyanins.

Question 6

Regular intake of caffeine reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 7

Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 50.

Question 8

Regular intake of flavonoids improves blood flow, reduces blood pressure, and decreases the risk of diabetes.

Question 9

Supplementation of specific vitamins and minerals yields the same health benefits as diets rich in fruits and vegetables.

Question 10

The phytochemicals lutein and zeaxanthin play key roles in the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Question 11

All food sources rich in phytochemicals are bright colored.

Question 12

A lack of phytochemicals in the food we consume causes deficiency diseases.

Question 13

Beta-carotene helps prevent the spread of bacteria that cause infection.

Question 14

Antioxidants are both consumed in foods and produced by the body.

Question 15

Allicin is a white pigment found in garlic.

Question 16

The content of flavonoids in chocolate products decreases with the amount of cocoa in the products.

Question 17

Medical visits for children and adults for symptoms of excess caffeine intake have sharply increased in the United States in recent years.

Question 18

Meats, dairy products, eggs, and other animal products contain biologically active substances that affect body processes.

Question 19

Phytochemicals in plants provide protection against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.

Question 20

Dark green vegetables are often good sources of orange and yellow carotenes.

Question 21

A deficiency of _____ results in loss of central vision.

A) lutein
B) solanine
C) lycopene
D) xanthophyll
E) quercetin

Question 22

Which phytochemical is found in the skin of red grapes, peanuts, tea, blueberries, and cranberries and plays a role in the prevention of inflammation?

A) resveratrol
B) caffeine
C) lycopene
D) allicin
E) zeaxanthin

Question 23

Which of the following phytochemicals imparts a white color to garlic?

A) zeaxanthin
B) anthocyanin
C) allicin
D) lycopene
E) lutein

Question 24

Spinach, collard greens, rhubarb, and other dark green, leafy vegetables contain _____.

A) oxalic acid
B) phytate
C) solanine
D) lycopene
E) flavonoids

Question 25

Which beverage has the highest caffeine content?

A) green tea (1 cup)
B) chocolate syrup (2 Tbsp)
C) Coca-Cola (12 oz)
D) ginger ale (12 oz)
E) Mountain Dew (12 oz)

Question 26

Increased intake of _____ helps prevent deterioration of the macula and improves the maintenance of vision.

A) caffeine
B) zeaxanthin
C) resveratrol
D) allicin
E) lycopene

Question 27

Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) K

Question 28

Which phytochemical gives plants a blue-purple color?

A) anthocyanin
B) solanine
C) lutein
D) zeaxanthin
E) lycopene

Question 29

Which of these toxins is found in cassava?

A) solanine
B) phytate
C) oxalic acid
D) selenium
E) cyanide

Question 30

Which phytochemical gives plants a red color?

A) beta-carotene
B) lycopene
C) lutein
D) allicin
E) quercetin

Question 31

Flavonoids are found in good amounts in foods such as _____.

A) raspberries
B) oranges
C) strawberries
D) coffee
E) sunflower seeds

Question 32

The phytochemical _____ helps decrease chronic inflammation due to excess body fat, improves insulin utilization, and may decrease bone loss.

A) quercetin
B) proanthocyanidins
C) lycopene
D) beta-carotene
E) lutein

Question 33

A rich source of flavonoids is

A) peas
B) potatoes
C) tomatoes
D) cocoa
E) artichokes

Question 34

Which of the following foods contain zoochemicals?

A) coffee
B) tea
C) eggs
D) walnuts
E) pecans

Question 35

Which food is a rich source of proanthocyanidins?

A) tomatoes
B) oranges
C) brussels sprouts
D) cranberries
E) garlic

Question 36

Phytochemicals are _____.

A) a significant source of calories
B) considered essential nutrients
C) not considered essential nutrients
D) present in plants and animal products
E) present predominately in dairy products

Question 37

Which phytochemical gives an orange color to plants?

A) lycopene
B) allicin
C) beta-carotene
D) anthocyanin
E) quercetin

Question 38

Caffeine or regular coffee intake has been found to decrease _____.

A) blood pressure
B) heart palpitations
C) the risk of all cancers
D) depression
E) occurrence of migraine headaches

Question 39

Which of these vegetables is the part of the cruciferous family?

A) cucumbers
B) green beans
C) carrots
D) green peppers
E) broccoli

Question 40

Diets high in _____ have been found to produce mineral deficiency diseases.

A) phytate
B) proanthocyanidins
C) resveratrol
D) quercetin
E) oxalic acid

Question 41

Which food is a good source of a number of phytochemicals even though it may be considered a "vitamin weakling"?

A) celery
B) spinach
C) carrots
D) blueberries
E) strawberries

Question 42

Large quantities of solanine can _____.

A) give you a headache
B) interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses
C) reduce the absorption of magnesium
D) cause a drastic drop in blood glucose levels
E) cause a drastic drop in blood pressure

Question 43

Regular intake of _____ reduces the symptoms of urinary tract infections and helps prevent them from developing and recurring.

A) orange juice
B) pineapple juice
C) guava nectar
D) mango nectar
E) cranberry juice

Question 44

The phytochemical allicin is found in _____.

A) bananas
B) soybeans
C) garlic
D) limes
E) flaxseed

Question 45

Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals. She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book. Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to. Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
According to MyPlate.gov, Kelly's plate should be _____.

A) ⅛ vegetables and fruits
B) ¼ vegetables and fruits
C) ½ vegetables and fruits
D) ¾ vegetables and fruits
E) all vegetables and fruits

Question 46

Which of the following foods is a source of beta-carotene?

A) cranberries
B) tomatoes
C) peas
D) carrots
E) onions

Question 47

Which food is among the top five sources of phytochemicals?

A) strawberries
B) walnuts
C) grape juice
D) pineapple juice
E) kale

Question 48

Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals. She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book. Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to. Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly has heard conflicting information about the health and safety of drinking coffee. What advice would you give her about coffee and caffeine?

A) Coffee is an essential component of a healthy diet and should be consumed regularly.
B) Caffeine has both positive and negative health effects.
C) Caffeine has been found to help reduce the risk of several major chronic diseases and has no potential side effects.
D) Drink tea instead of coffee because it has more antioxidants.
E) Caffeine should be avoided because it is highly addictive.

Question 49

Which naturally occurring toxin limits the absorption of calcium and iron?

A) oxalic acid
B) solanine
C) phytate
D) cyanide
E) ackee

Question 50

Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals. She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book. Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to. Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly would like to have at least one good source of antioxidants in her diet. Which food would be her best choice?

A) pomegranates
B) whole-grain bread
C) cucumbers
D) corn
E) apple juice

Question 51

If cassava is not prepared correctly, the naturally occurring toxin _____ can cause konzo.

A) oxalic acid
B) cyanide
C) solanine
D) phytate
E) caffeine

Question 52

Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals. She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book. Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to. Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly has a family history of age-related macular degeneration. Which food will help reduce her risk of developing this disease?

A) garlic
B) eggs
C) cheese
D) spinach
E) grapes

Question 53

Caffeine has been found to reduce the risk of _____.

A) osteoporosis
B) macular degeneration
C) multiple sclerosis
D) rheumatoid arthritis
E) type 2 diabetes

Question 54

Excess caffeine intake can lead to _____ in some people.

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) infertility
D) poor wound healing
E) fatigue

Question 55

Which food is a rich source of lutein?

A) milk
B) onions
C) cherries
D) spinach
E) tomatoes

Question 56

Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals. She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book. Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to. Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Which fruit will most likely help Kelly increase lycopene in her diet?

A) cantaloupe
B) kiwi
C) tomato
D) banana
E) orange

Question 57

The fruit of unopened, unripe _____ contains high concentrations of phytochemicals that cause severe vomiting and a drastic drop in blood glucose levels.

A) cassava
B) breadfruit
C) ackee
D) jackfruit
E) star fruit

Question 58

Konzo is characterized by _____.

A) liver damage
B) heart palpitations
C) severe headaches
D) permanent, spastic paralysis
E) severe vomiting

Question 59

Most of the caffeine in diets comes from _____.

A) tea
B) chocolate
C) coffee
D) nonprescription drugs
E) soft drinks

Question 60

Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals. She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book. Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to. Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly has heard that broccoli and cabbage can reduce the risk of cancer. Which family of vegetables do these foods belong to?

A) goosefoot
B) buckwheat
C) gourd
D) onion
E) cruciferous