Deck 30: Nutrition for the Growing Years Childhood Through Adolescence

Question 1

Growth is an energy- and nutrient-requiring process.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The RDA for calcium is higher for female adolescents than for male adolescents.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Snacks are an important source of calories and nutrients in the diets of children and adolescents.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Height is determined by genetic factors alone.

Question 5

During the adolescent growth spurt, teenagers gain all of their total bone mass.

Question 6

The adolescent growth spurt usually occurs earlier in girls than in boys.

Question 7

The CDC's growth charts are available for females and males from 2 to 25 years.

Question 8

There is little reason to worry about "food jags" in children as long as growth continues normally and they remain in good health.

Question 9

Between the ages of 2 and 10 years, children normally gain somewhere around 10 pounds per year.

Question 10

Prior to a growth spurt, appetite and food intake increase in children.

Question 11

Children do not learn about food and its importance to health and well-being until adulthood.

Question 12

If a child's weight for his or her age is in the 75th percentile, then it means that this child's weight is lower than that of most children of the same age.

Question 13

Some supplements have been shown to increase growth rate in children and adolescents.

Question 14

Restricting access to children's favorite junk food tends to strengthen their interest in healthy foods.

Question 15

The World Health Organization charts are recommended for monitoring the growth progress in children under the age of 2 years.

Question 16

The types and amounts of foods and beverages children and adolescents normally consume can influence the risk of specific diseases and disorders throughout life.

Question 17

During the adolescent growth spurt, teenagers gain approximately 50% of their adult weight.

Question 18

Overall, diets of children and adolescents in the United States tend to provide too little potassium.

Question 19

Gains in weight and height occur in a continuous and gradual manner rather than "spurts" in children between the ages of 2 and 10 years.

Question 20

Children or adolescents with a BMI at or above the 95th percentile are considered overweight.

Question 21

The emergence of _____ as a problem of the early years is of particular concern because it generally worsens with time and causes long-term health impairments.

A) type 2 diabetes
B) dental decay
C) heart disease
D) osteoporosis
E) celiac disease

Question 22

Growth charts used to monitor progress during childhood and adolescence consist of graphs of _____.

A) waist circumference for age
B) BMI for age
C) body fat percentage for height
D) lean body mass for age
E) bone density for height

Question 23

In the year of peak growth, girls gain _____ pounds on average, and boys gain _____ pounds.

A) 8; 10
B) 12; 14
C) 16; 18
D) 18; 20
E) 20; 22

Question 24

How much exercise is recommended for children and adolescents?

A) 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity daily
B) 30-45 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity most days of the week
C) 45-60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity three days per week
D) 60 minutes or more of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity daily
E) 90 minutes or more of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity most days of the week

Question 25

Ranges of BMI used to classify weight status in adults can be used in children and adolescents.

Question 26

Food likes and dislikes and dietary habits appear to be shaped largely by the environment in which children learn about food.

Question 27

Rates of obesity in U.S. children and adolescents have risen remarkably since 1980.

Question 28

Children should _____.

A) be allowed to decide how much to eat
B) be allowed to determine what type of food to eat
C) be forced to "clean their plates"
D) be encouraged to eat energy-dense and high-sugar foods
E) be denied access to favorite foods

Question 29

Diets of children are often high in energy-dense foods.

Question 30

A "food jag" is a _____.

A) period of increased physical activity in children and adolescents
B) typical occurrence in children who are growing rapidly
C) period when a child refuses to eat the same food twice, insisting on different foods at every meal
D) period of increased appetite between growth spurts
E) typical occurrence in children when they insist on eating limited amounts of only a few favorite foods

Question 31

Height _____.

A) is easily predicted
B) is determined only by genetics
C) can be increased with supplements
D) is influenced by non-genetic factors
E) can be increased significantly by special diets

Question 32

Evidence suggests that food preferences are inborn.

Question 33

High intakes of sugar and sodium are largely related to the intake of whole grains and dairy products.

Question 34

Which strategy would most likely work best when parents and caretakers are trying to get children to try a new food?

A) Restrict access to junk food as punishment if they do not try the new food.
B) Require children to "clean their plates."
C) Combine the new food with a liked food.
D) Offer children a treat for trying the new food.
E) Restrict favorite foods until they try the new food.

Question 35

Forcing a young child to eat foods she or he does not like or to "clean their plates" will have lifelong positive effects on food preferences and health.

Question 36

Which nutrients are "above recommended" intake levels among children and adolescents in the U.S.?

A) fat and zinc
B) sodium and total sugar
C) iron and fiber
D) vitamin A and protein
E) calcium and magnesium

Question 37

Most schools offer too few physical activity classes and opportunities for exercise.

Question 38

Dietary recommendations for children differ from those for adolescents with respect to portion sizes.

Question 39

Regular intake of energy-dense foods and beverages in children and adolescents is associated with the beginning of metabolic abnormalities.

Question 40

Which food would be a good choice for a snack for children and adolescents?

A) soda
B) cookies
C) chips
D) candy
E) peanut butter

Question 41

How many days per week are children encouraged to participate in strength-building exercises?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 7

Question 42

John just turned 9 years old and has had his weight and height carefully measured. He weighs 80 pounds and his height is 4 feet, 6 inches. What is his BMI?

A) 16.5 kg/m ²
B) 19.2 kg/m ²
C) 22.7 kg/m ²
D) 25.0 kg/m ²
E) 27.8 kg/m ²

Question 43

Reducing the incidence of which disorder would help prevent childhood obesity?

A) colon cancer
B) gestational diabetes
C) bone and joint abnormalities
D) elevated blood pressure
E) iron deficiency

Question 44

Inadequate _____ intake and excess consumption of sugary foods places children and teens at high risk of developing dental decay and related dental health problems.

A) fiber
B) iron
C) vitamin D
D) potassium
E) fluoride

Question 45

Prior to a growth spurt, _____.

A) appetite and food intake increase
B) height increases
C) fat stores are used to supply energy
D) children generally lose a few pounds
E) hunger decreases

Question 46

In children and adolescents, _____ is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese
E) extremely obese

Question 47

The adolescent growth spurt usually occurs in girls between the ages of _____ years.

A) 6 and 9
B) 9 and 12
C) 12 and 15
D) 15 and 18
E) 18 and 21

Question 48

In children and adolescents, _____ is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese
E) extremely obese

Question 49

The development of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is associated with regular intake of _____ foods.

A) only energy-dense
B) only high-sugar
C) only nutrient-dense
D) energy-dense and high-sugar
E) high-sugar and nutrient-dense

Question 50

Overall, diets of children and adolescents in the United States tend to provide too little _____.

A) calcium
B) protein
C) vitamin C
D) folate
E) vitamin B ₆

Question 51

Inadequate intake of _____ during the growing years is related to increased risk of osteoporosis later in life.

A) vitamin E and vitamin C
B) protein and fat
C) potassium and folate
D) vitamin B ₁₂ and iron
E) vitamin D and calcium

Question 52

How many days per week are children encouraged to participate in exercises that strengthen their bones?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 7

Question 53

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the approximate gain in height?

A) 5-9% of their adult height
B) 10-15% of their adult height
C) 20-25% of their adult height
D) 30-35% of their adult height
E) 40-50% of their adult height

Question 54

What is the RDA for potassium for adolescent boys and girls?

A) 1,000 mg
B) 1,800 mg
C) 2,500 mg
D) 3,100 mg
E) 4,700 mg

Question 55

The RDA for children (4-8 years) for calcium is _____ mg.

A) 600
B) 700
C) 800
D) 900
E) 1,000

Question 56

The RDA for vitamin D for adolescent boys and girls is _____ mcg.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25

Question 57

Sarah wants to provide her children with a healthy, kid-friendly snack. Which food would be a good choice?

A) corn chips
B) gummy fruit-flavored snacks
C) low-fat yogurt with fresh fruit
D) ice cream sundaes
E) chocolate wafers with cream filling in between

Question 58

Which nutrient is generally below the recommended intake levels among female children and adolescents?

A) sodium
B) vitamin A
C) zinc
D) iron
E) folic acid

Question 59

The adolescent growth spurt generally begins for boys around the ages of _____ years.

A) 8 to 10
B) 10 to 12
C) 12 to 14
D) 14 to 16
E) 16 to 18

Question 60

From _____ years of age, boys are in a period of growth spurt; girls have usually achieved maximum growth; sleep reaches its adult pattern; and they have all their permanent teeth except wisdom teeth.

A) 5 to 6
B) 6 to 9
C) 9 to 12
D) 12 to 14
E) 14 to 16

Question 61

Which foods must be encouraged for regular consumption over highly processed foods to prevent obesity in children?

A) empty-calorie foods
B) calorie-dense foods
C) trans fat foods
D) nutrient-dense foods
E) saturated fat foods

Question 62

Devin is a 5-year-old who is a very picky eater. Devin's mother is very concerned about his picky eating habits. Devin has recently not been eating his normal volume of food, and he has only been eating a few of his favorite foods.
Devin is also physically inactive and spends most of his free time watching cartoons or playing on the computer. Devin's father feels comfortable with Devin's current level of physical activity; however, Devin's mother feels that he needs to get more exercise to help develop good lifestyle habits for the future. Answer the following questions to help Devin's parents learn more about childhood nutrition and fitness guidelines.
Devin weighs 43 pounds and is 3 feet, 8 inches tall. What is his BMI?

A) 12.3 kg/m ²
B) 15.5 kg/m ²
C) 17.5 kg/m ²
D) 22.3 kg/m ²
E) 24.9 kg/m ²

Question 63

Devin is a 5-year-old who is a very picky eater. Devin's mother is very concerned about his picky eating habits. Devin has recently not been eating his normal volume of food, and he has only been eating a few of his favorite foods.
Devin is also physically inactive and spends most of his free time watching cartoons or playing on the computer. Devin's father feels comfortable with Devin's current level of physical activity; however, Devin's mother feels that he needs to get more exercise to help develop good lifestyle habits for the future. Answer the following questions to help Devin's parents learn more about childhood nutrition and fitness guidelines.
It is recommended that Devin must be physically active for at least _____ minutes daily.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
E) 60

Question 64

Devin is a 5-year-old who is a very picky eater. Devin's mother is very concerned about his picky eating habits. Devin has recently not been eating his normal volume of food, and he has only been eating a few of his favorite foods.
Devin is also physically inactive and spends most of his free time watching cartoons or playing on the computer. Devin's father feels comfortable with Devin's current level of physical activity; however, Devin's mother feels that he needs to get more exercise to help develop good lifestyle habits for the future. Answer the following questions to help Devin's parents learn more about childhood nutrition and fitness guidelines.
Which activity would most likely help Devin build strength?

A) skipping
B) running
C) rope jumping
D) hopping
E) playing on playground equipment

Question 65

Explain the physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents.

Question 66

Devin is a 5-year-old who is a very picky eater. Devin's mother is very concerned about his picky eating habits. Devin has recently not been eating his normal volume of food, and he has only been eating a few of his favorite foods.
Devin is also physically inactive and spends most of his free time watching cartoons or playing on the computer. Devin's father feels comfortable with Devin's current level of physical activity; however, Devin's mother feels that he needs to get more exercise to help develop good lifestyle habits for the future. Answer the following questions to help Devin's parents learn more about childhood nutrition and fitness guidelines.
Which activity would most likely help Devin improve his aerobic fitness?

A) tree climbing
B) push-ups
C) running
D) weight lifting
E) hill climbing

Question 67

Discuss the key elements of healthy dietary patterns for children over the age of 2 and adolescents.

Question 68

Devin is a 5-year-old who is a very picky eater. Devin's mother is very concerned about his picky eating habits. Devin has recently not been eating his normal volume of food, and he has only been eating a few of his favorite foods.
Devin is also physically inactive and spends most of his free time watching cartoons or playing on the computer. Devin's father feels comfortable with Devin's current level of physical activity; however, Devin's mother feels that he needs to get more exercise to help develop good lifestyle habits for the future. Answer the following questions to help Devin's parents learn more about childhood nutrition and fitness guidelines.
What would be a healthy snack for Devin?

A) candy
B) white bread
C) chocolate cookies
D) low-fat cheese
E) potato chips

Question 69

Devin is a 5-year-old who is a very picky eater. Devin's mother is very concerned about his picky eating habits. Devin has recently not been eating his normal volume of food, and he has only been eating a few of his favorite foods.
Devin is also physically inactive and spends most of his free time watching cartoons or playing on the computer. Devin's father feels comfortable with Devin's current level of physical activity; however, Devin's mother feels that he needs to get more exercise to help develop good lifestyle habits for the future. Answer the following questions to help Devin's parents learn more about childhood nutrition and fitness guidelines.
Which strategy will most likely help Devin eat healthy foods regularly?

A) Provide him with consistent access to healthy food.
B) Make him eat his vegetables and fruits before leaving the table.
C) Never allow him to have junk food.
D) Do not allow him to attend parties or activities where children will have access to junk food.
E) Take away his computer time.

Question 70

Discuss the benefits of healthy dietary patterns in children.

Question 71

From _____ years, children can normally hop, skip, and throw a ball and have increasingly good coordination; they master buttons and shoelaces; and can use a knife and fork and are good self-feeders.

A) 1 to 2
B) 2 to 3
C) 3 to 4
D) 4 to 5
E) 5 to 6