Deck 5: Nutrition Attitudes and Behavior

Question 1

Dietary changes introduced into a culture for the purpose of improving health can be successful only if the change is accepted by the culture.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Recent surveys indicate that food choices made in the United States are trending toward unhealthier dietary patterns.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Evidence indicates that young children, if offered a wide variety of foods, will select and ingest a well-balanced diet.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

''Vacillating" consumers tend to consume a diet consistent with their commitment to good nutrition.

Question 5

Sound knowledge about good nutrition and diet is one of the ways to improve food choices.

Question 6

Protein-calorie malnutrition that occurs later in childhood produces behavioral effects that can be corrected with nutritional rehabilitation.

Question 7

In countries such as the United States, food preference is one of the factors that have a significant impact on people's food choices.

Question 8

"Committed" consumers are not concerned about the connection between diet and health.

Question 9

Occasionally, women are advised to consume alcohol in moderate amounts during pregnancy to help reduce blood pressure.

Question 10

Low intake of carbohydrates leads to lower attention span and increased hyperactivity in children.

Question 11

A drastic reduction in the cost of vegetables and fruits increases their daily intake.

Question 12

Adults with above-average taste intensity scores appear to maintain their weight over time compared to others with lower scores.

Question 13

Efforts to improve food choices fail because the changes attempted are too drastic.

Question 14

Once the symbolic value of a food is established as a comfort food, its nutritional value is of less concern.

Question 15

The effects of malnutrition are severe while the brain is growing and developing.

Question 16

An increase in the level of lead in blood results in increased attention span and learning ability.

Question 17

The effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the intellectual performance of children are short term and can be reversed with proper treatment.

Question 18

"Unconcerned" consumers describe themselves as "meat and potato eaters."

Question 19

Certain food colorants and preservatives may be related to hyperactivity in some children.

Question 20

Studies examining the effects of sugar intake on hyperactivity in children have consistently demonstrated that a relationship exists.

Question 21

Humans are born with _____.

A) the ability to instinctively choose foods that provide all essential nutrients
B) a natural preference for bitter-tasting foods
C) mechanisms that help them select a well-balanced diet
D) mechanisms that help them decide when and how much to eat
E) a natural preference for high-calorie foods

Question 22

Humans have an inborn attraction to which type of food?

A) Sour
B) Sweet
C) Spicy
D) Bitter
E) Fatty

Question 23

The effects of malnutrition are most severe when it occurs _____.

A) between the ages of 25 and 35
B) between the ages of 35 and 45
C) while the lungs are growing and developing
D) while the heart is growing and developing
E) while the brain is growing and developing

Question 24

Avoiding illness and curing or diminishing current health problems are strong incentives for changing food choices.

Question 25

Lead _____.

A) remains in the environment for a short period
B) is stored principally in fatty tissue
C) stays in the body 20 years or more
D) levels in the blood of children has increased in recent decades
E) exposure as an adult is associated with an increased risk of dementia

Question 26

Women are advised not to consume alcohol if they are pregnant _____.

A) to improve their physical growth
B) to improve their concentration and learning abilities
C) to avoid heart-related disorders
D) to avoid permanent delays in the mental development of the fetus
E) to improve the blood count of the fetus

Question 27

Which of the following factors lead to better food choices?

A) color and texture of food
B) shelf life and availability of food
C) taste and smell of food
D) cost and quantity of food
E) health benefits and nutrition knowledge of food

Question 28

Sound knowledge about good nutrition is enough to ensure that healthy changes in diet will be made for nearly all people.

Question 29

There is evidence to suggest that people deficient in sodium experience an increased preference for foods that are rich in potassium.

Question 30

A source of lead most likely includes _____.

A) paint in newer homes only
B) pipes only
C) electronics only
D) paint in newer homes and pipes
E) cooking pans and sprays

Question 31

Which of the following foods are associated with the development of hyperactivity in children?

A) vegetable and fruits that are rich in fiber
B) foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids
C) foods rich in antioxidants
D) dry fruits and spices
E) food additives and preservatives

Question 32

The deficiency of iron in young children leads to _____.

A) a moderate increase in hyperactivity
B) an improvement in their social skills
C) reduced short-term memory
D) a long-term deficit in learning ability
E) slower reaction time

Question 33

Potatoes, rice, corn, and yucca are foods that have cultural significance in specific countries and are referred to as "_____."

A) nutrient dense
B) super foods
C) favorite foods
D) starchy foods
E) junk food

Question 34

Approximately _____ of the U.S. population are medium tasters.

A) 15%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 67%
E) 25%

Question 35

Which of the following is an effect of excessive exposure to lead in children?

A) improved intellectual function and fine motor skills
B) improved growth and increased attention span
C) impaired reading skills and increased aggressive behavior
D) reduced short-term memory and slower reaction times
E) reduced antisocial behavior and improved school performance

Question 36

A relationship exists between _____.

A) vitamin and mineral supplements and increased intelligence in children
B) fetal exposure to alcohol and violent behavior
C) iron-deficiency anemia in young children and long-term deficits in learning ability
D) sugar intake in children and hyperactivity
E) excessive exposure to lead in children and arrhythmias

Question 37

What is a common dietary event that impairs learning in U.S. children?

A) a high-protein diet
B) skipping breakfast
C) intake of preservatives
D) intake of food dyes
E) a diet low in polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 38

Which of the following is a comfort food in the United States?

A) Ice cream
B) Rice
C) Pasta
D) Pizza
E) Steak

Question 39

Dietary changes that require a lot of will power to maintain rarely last.

Question 40

Henry finds that his snack choices are high in calories and decides he would like to make healthier choices. Which initial change would provide him with the best chance for sustained improvement in his snacking behavior?

A) Eliminate snacks entirely from the diet to avoid the temptation of making unhealthy choices
B) Snack only on low-calorie foods, such as vegetables
C) Never eat his favorite snack foods again to reduce calorie intake
D) Replace one snack per day with a healthier choice, such as fruit
E) Simply adopt a broad notion to eat less each day

Question 41

Karl is taking a nutrition class and has decided that his diet needs improvement. He has learned about many different types of foods, nutrients, and health problems associated with diet. Karl enjoys eating some types of vegetables but does not like fruits. A few of Karl's biggest dietary concerns include implementing strategies for losing body fat, increasing dietary fiber, and decreasing his late-night snacking. Karl normally skips breakfast to be able to sleep an extra 15 minutes before running to his first class of the day. His first meal of the day is around 3 p.m. and consists of convenient foods found in the university union such as Chinese food, a burger and fries, or a few slices of pizza and a cola. After his afternoon lunch, he relaxes with friends who often play video or computer games. Around 8:30 p.m. Karl and his friend order takeout or drive to the nearby fast-food restaurant for a tasty meal before starting to study. Throughout his night-time studying, Karl snacks on potato chips, pretzels, and more cola. Karl's bedtime is around 2 a.m.
Overall, what is the best strategy to help Karl meet his nutrition and health goals?

A) Take another nutrition course
B) Make a major diet and lifestyle overhaul
C) Select a couple of specific dietary or lifestyle changes that will improve his overall health
D) Stop playing video games with friends
E) Cook all of his meals himself

Question 42

Which of the following people is most likely to succeed in making dietary modifications?

A) Kathy, who is unsure that dietary changes can be made but is willing to try
B) Melinda, who has learned about basic nutrition concepts through a mandatory workshop provided by her employer
C) Justine, who lives in a community that has introduced many initiative programs on nutrition and exercise
D) Madison, who has taken a nutrition course and can be classified as an "unconcerned" consumer
E) Amelia, who believes that nutrition is a vital component of health

Question 43

Occupational exposure to lead in adults is associated with _____.

A) decreased problem-solving skills and hyperactivity
B) a shorter attention span
C) a low body weight and sleep apnea
D) decreased motor skills
E) poor kidney function and the risk of hypertension

Question 44

Five-year-old children in Costa Rica treated for iron-deficiency anemia during infancy scored _____ than similar children without a history of anemia.

A) lower on hand-eye coordination and other motor skill tests
B) higher on problem-solving skills
C) lower on reading skills
D) lower on attention-span tests
E) higher on memory tests

Question 45

Supertasters tend _____.

A) not to eat citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes
B) to drink beverages such as tea and wine
C) not to eat vegetables such as brussels sprouts, cabbage, and broccoli
D) to describe themselves as "meat and potato eaters"
E) to believe that dietary choices are important to health and well-being

Question 46

Sensitivity to the basic tastes varies among individuals and the differences appear to be strongly influenced by _____.

A) genetic factors
B) food texture
C) food temperature
D) cultural influences
E) level of hunger

Question 47

If nutritional therapy is given to a child who has experienced severe malnutrition during infancy, which factor is likely to improve?

A) intellectual functioning
B) academic performance
C) dropout rate
D) risk of ADHD
E) aggressive behavior

Question 48

Taste is a major factor influencing food choices and appears to affect the reinforcing value of food and _____.

A) social skills
B) risk of chronic disease
C) blood pressure
D) body weight
E) blood glucose levels

Question 49

Taste is closely associated with _____.

A) health status
B) level of hunger
C) sight
D) smell
E) touch

Question 50

Karl is taking a nutrition class and has decided that his diet needs improvement. He has learned about many different types of foods, nutrients, and health problems associated with diet. Karl enjoys eating some types of vegetables but does not like fruits. A few of Karl's biggest dietary concerns include implementing strategies for losing body fat, increasing dietary fiber, and decreasing his late-night snacking. Karl normally skips breakfast to be able to sleep an extra 15 minutes before running to his first class of the day. His first meal of the day is around 3 p.m. and consists of convenient foods found in the university union such as Chinese food, a burger and fries, or a few slices of pizza and a cola. After his afternoon lunch, he relaxes with friends who often play video or computer games. Around 8:30 p.m. Karl and his friend order takeout or drive to the nearby fast-food restaurant for a tasty meal before starting to study. Throughout his night-time studying, Karl snacks on potato chips, pretzels, and more cola. Karl's bedtime is around 2 a.m.
Which dietary behavior is the healthiest modification that may help Karl in general eat better?

A) continuing to skip breakfast to balance his intake of calories later in the day and evening
B) self-monitoring his calorie intake and weight
C) eating breakfast, skipping lunch, and having a large, well-balanced dinner
D) replacing all the carbohydrates in his diet with protein
E) giving himself a "free" day to eat whatever he wants

Question 51

"Vacillating" consumers _____.

A) are not concerned about the connection between diet and health
B) believe a healthy diet is not an important part of preventing illness
C) consistently select nutritious food and strive for health
D) tend to vary their food choices depending on the occasion
E) tend to describe themselves as "meat and potato eaters"

Question 52

Anemia is caused by the deficiency of _____.

A) magnesium
B) calcium
C) iron
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin E

Question 53

Which of the following behavioral changes helps people in the United States improve their diet?

A) increasing the consumption of fast food
B) self-monitoring calorie intake and body weight
C) choosing food with a higher shelf life
D) consuming processed and frozen food
E) skipping breakfast and balancing it with a heavy lunch

Question 54

Severe protein and calorie deficiency early in life leads to _____.

A) low intelligence
B) social passivity
C) poor kidney function
D) low intelligence and social passivity
E) social aggressiveness and cardiac problems

Question 55

Donald is looking to make healthy changes to his diet by modifying his food choices. Which principle should he follow to help ensure a positive outcome?

A) Donald should begin by identifying food choices he would like to change.
B) Donald should attempt a change that his best friend wants him to make to encourage social support.
C) Donald should focus on the three most problematic areas of his diet and make changes to each.
D) Donald should identify the diet-related behavior that will require the most will power to modify and focus on this behavior first.
E) Donald should attempt drastic changes to his diet in order to lose weight quickly.

Question 56

Approximately _____ of the U.S. population are supertasters.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%
E) 55%

Question 57

Karl is taking a nutrition class and has decided that his diet needs improvement. He has learned about many different types of foods, nutrients, and health problems associated with diet. Karl enjoys eating some types of vegetables but does not like fruits. A few of Karl's biggest dietary concerns include implementing strategies for losing body fat, increasing dietary fiber, and decreasing his late-night snacking. Karl normally skips breakfast to be able to sleep an extra 15 minutes before running to his first class of the day. His first meal of the day is around 3 p.m. and consists of convenient foods found in the university union such as Chinese food, a burger and fries, or a few slices of pizza and a cola. After his afternoon lunch, he relaxes with friends who often play video or computer games. Around 8:30 p.m. Karl and his friend order takeout or drive to the nearby fast-food restaurant for a tasty meal before starting to study. Throughout his night-time studying, Karl snacks on potato chips, pretzels, and more cola. Karl's bedtime is around 2 a.m.
Karl's favorite foods are hamburgers, pizza, and fried Chinese foods. What is the best strategy to help him implement and maintain dietary modifications?

A) Eliminate all hamburgers, pizza, and Chinese food
B) Start eating only vegetables for lunch and dinner every day
C) Replace one meal a day with a healthier choice, such as a grilled chicken sandwich on whole-grain bread and a serving of steamed vegetables
D) Consume these favorite foods only once a month
E) Stop eating supper with friends because they seem to be a bad influence

Question 58

Protein-calorie malnutrition severe enough to cause permanent delays in mental development _____.

A) has substantially increased in recent decades
B) has substantially decreased in recent decades
C) rarely occurs in developing countries
D) often occurs in the United States
E) rarely occurs in the United States

Question 59

An effective strategy for improving a person's diet is to _____.

A) set broad goals
B) make small acceptable changes
C) make drastic changes
D) make a number of changes at once
E) give up after a relapse and start over

Question 60

Supertasters are sensitive to foods that are _____.

A) sour in taste
B) bitter in taste
C) salty in taste
D) sweet in taste
E) tangy in taste

Question 62

Discuss the behavioral changes that help people in general eat better.

Question 63

Outline a plan to change a food choice for the better and give a specific example for each step.

Question 64

Discuss the factors that enhance food intake changes.