Deck 26: Protists

Question 1

Ancestors of ____ may have possessed mitochondria, which were lost or reduced during evolutionary history.

A) Paramecium
B) Laminaria
C) Amoeba
D) Euglena
E) Giardia

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which is an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals?

A) diatom
B) euglenoid
C) parabasilid
D) actinopod
E) dinoflagellate

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which protist group possess a crystalline rod in their flagella?

A) ciliates
B) diatoms
C) euglenoids
D) water molds
E) zooxanthellae

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with two or more flagella?

A) actinopods
B) amoebozoa
C) diplomonads
D) foraminifera
E) apicomplexans

Question 5

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:

A) alternation of generations.
B) multicellular.
C) coenocytic.
D) mycelium.
E) colonial.

Question 6

Which protist group contains the organism Trypanosoma, a colorless parasite that can cause African sleeping sickness?

A) unikonts
B) excavates
C) rhizarians
D) archaeplastids
E) chromalveolates

Question 7

In primary endosymbiosis, an ancient eukaryotic cell engulfed a(n) ____, which survived and evolved into a chloroplast.

A) algae
B) virus
C) ciliate
D) euglenoid
E) cyanobacterium

Question 8

Most protists are ____, with each cell forming a complete organism capable of performing all the functions characteristic of life.

A) parasitic
B) colonial
C) unicellular
D) autotrophic
E) multicellular

Question 9

Figure 26-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 6?

A) digestion
B) food intake
C) water discharge
D) waste elimination
E) asexual reproduction

Question 10

Members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of:

A) two or more flagella
B) chloroplast pigments
C) crystalline rod in the flagella
D) contractile vacuoles surrounded by a pellicle.
E) flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.

Question 11

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?

A) diatoms
B) red algae
C) brown algae
D) green algae
E) dinoflagellates

Question 12

Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus?

A) ciliates
B) euglenoids
C) actinopods
D) diplomonads
E) amoebozoans

Question 13

The fossilized form of ____ is used in commercially important products, such as filters, polishes, and insect killer.

A) dinoflagellates
B) apicomplexans
C) zooflagellates.
D) euglenoids
E) diatoms

Question 14

Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria?

A) nuclei
B) endoplasmic reticulums
C) vacuoles and chloroplasts
D) mitochondria and chloroplasts
E) mitochondria and Golgi complexes

Question 15

Most protists are:

A) aquatic.
B) parasitic.
C) terrestrial.
D) coenocytic.
E) thermophiles.

Question 16

Figure 26-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 4?

A) digestion
B) food intake
C) water discharge
D) waste elimination
E) asexual reproduction

Question 17

Given the diversity in protist ultrastructure and molecular data, biologists regard the protists as a(n) ____ group, meaning that some are descendants of a common eukaryote ancestor.

A) monophyletic
B) paraphyletic
C) polyphyletic
D) homoplastic
E) homologous

Question 18

Which protist clade (supergroup) is characterized by their greatly modified mitochondria?

A) excavates
B) unikonts
C) rhizarians
D) archaeplastids
E) chromalvolates

Question 19

Brown algae lack true roots, but have similar structures called ____ that anchor them to the substrate.

A) stipes
B) fronds
C) thalli
D) blades
E) holdfasts

Question 20

Which statement about euglenoids is FALSE?

A) They have a pellicle.
B) They are unicellular.
C) They are all photosynthetic.
D) Their cells contain mitochondria.
E) They have 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules in their flagella.

Question 21

Which statement best describes the composition of cell walls found in water molds?

A) All individuals have only walls made of cellulose.
B) All individuals have only walls made of chitin.
C) All individuals have only peptidoglycan walls.
D) Some individuals have cell walls of chitin, and others have cell walls of cellulose.
E) Some individuals have cell walls of chitin, some have cell walls of cellulose, and some have cell walls of both chitin and cellulose.

Question 22

Figure 26-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the process occurring in the cells labeled as 6?

A) fusion
B) mitosis
C) fertilization
D) the first meiotic division
E) the second meiotic division

Question 23

Which statement about radiolarians is FALSE?

A) They are rhizarians.
B) They have axopods.
C) They are actinopods.
D) They lack silica shells.
E) They have algal endosymbionts.

Question 24

Which type of protist is responsible for malaria in humans, parasitic to both humans and mosquitoes?

A) ciliates
B) actinopods
C) dinoflagellates
D) apicomplexans
E) foraminiferans

Question 25

What commercial product is derived from the processing of red algae?

A) milk
B) sushi
C) lipstick
D) ice cream
E) carrageenan

Question 26

Which protist is responsible for late blight of potatoes, the cause of the Irish potato famine in the mid 19th century?

A) Phytophthora
B) Myxomycota
C) Macrocystis
D) Physarum
E) Giardia

Question 27

Figure 26-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which protist group's life cycle is demonstrated in this figure?

A) red algae
B) green algae
C) brown algae
D) dinoflagellates
E) foraminiferans

Question 28

Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides?

A) green algae
B) red algae
C) euglenoids
D) dinoflagellates
E) brown algae

Question 29

Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that forms a significant portion of the nanoplankton?

A) ciliates
B) red algae
C) golden algae
D) foraminifera
E) brown algae

Question 30

Figure 26-2 What is the outcome of the process illustrated in the accompanying figure.?

A) One male and one female cell
B) Four new but genetically distinct cells
C) Two new but genetically distinct cells
D) Two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before
E) Four new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before

Question 31

Which protist group typically consists of amoeboid cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend?

A) rhizarians
B) unikonts
C) euglenoids
D) archaeplastids
E) opisthokonts

Question 32

Figure 26-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure at point 6 in this life cycle?

A) zygote
B) gamete
C) zoospore
D) endospore
E) pseudopod

Question 33

The surface of a Paramecium is covered with thousands of short, hair-like ____.

A) plasmadesmata
B) pseudopods
C) trichomes
D) flagella
E) cilia

Question 34

Which are the symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as corals?

A) ciliates
B) sporozites
C) apicomplexans
D) zooxanthellae
E) stramenopiles

Question 35

Figure 26-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the process occurring in the cells labeled as 3 in the sequence?

A) mitosis
B) conjugation
C) the first meiotic division
D) exchange of micronucleus
E) the second meiotic division

Question 36

Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control?

A) growth
B) movement
C) reproduction
D) cell signaling
E) growth and metabolism

Question 37

I am characterized by having a test and axopods. Who am I?

A) green algae
B) actinopods
C) opisthokonts
D) stramenopiles
E) foraminiferans

Question 38

Members of which protist group is one of the fossilized deposits in the unique geological formation of the White Cliffs of Dover?

A) diatoms
B) actinopods
C) diplomonads
D) foraminiferans
E) choanoflagellates

Question 39

Figure 26-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is occurring at point 1 of this life cycle?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) budding
D) gamete fusion
E) sexual reproduction

Question 40

Which protist groups consists of individuals who often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates?

A) diatoms
B) red algae
C) euglenoids
D) green algae
E) dinoflagellates

Question 41

Red tides are caused by red algae .
_________________

Question 42

Name the structure that allows motility in the following groups: amoebozoa, excavates, and ciliates.

Question 43

The body of a water mold is called a(n) mycelium .
_____________________

Question 44

Which protist group does not have flagellated cells?

A) water molds
B) brown algae
C) golden algae
D) euglenoids
E) red algae

Question 45

What is the translation of "pseudopodia," a characteristic of the amoebas?

A) slow feet
B) false pods
C) false feet
D) fake casings
E) similar moves

Question 46

When brown algae divide asexually, each new cell retains half of the original cell.
__________________

Question 47

Parabasilids are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and lack a Golgi complex.
_______________

Question 48

Members of the ____ move via pseudopodia.

A) rhizaria
B) excavates
C) amoebozoa
D) archaeplastids
E) chromalveolates

Question 49

An example of an excavate that has a pellicle is Euglena .
__________________

Question 50

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:

A) digestion.
B) excretion.
C) locomotion.
D) reproduction.
E) avoiding predation.

Question 51

The stramenopiles include water molds, diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.
____________________

Question 52

Which protist group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form?

A) plasmodial slime molds
B) cellular slime molds
C) water molds
D) amoebozoa
E) brown algae

Question 53

Name the two main clades of Rhizaria, and then list one way of distinguishing one of those clades from the other.

Question 54

Of the following, which group exhibits a diverse morphology, forming unicells, filaments, and sheets?

A) diatoms
B) euglenoids
C) green algae
D) brown algae
E) dinoflagellates

Question 55

You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is known as:

A) Chlamydomonas .
B) Chaos carolinense .
C) Entamoeba histolytica .
D) Dictyostelium discoideum .
E) Physarum polycephalum .

Question 56

Coralline forms of which group of protists are ecologically important in the formation of coral reefs?

A) red algae
B) euglenoids
C) green algae
D) brown algae
E) dinoflagellates

Question 57

Members of the ____ are thought to have given rise to plants.

A) red algae
B) diatoms
C) euglenoids
D) green algae
E) dinoflagellates

Question 58

According to the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis, the ancestors of mitochondria are thought to be purple bacteria .
____________________

Question 59

Identify the modes of nutrition found in members of the protists, and include two examples of each.

Question 60

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n):

A) plasmodial slime mold.
B) cellular slime mold.
C) choanoflagellate.
D) foraminiferan.
E) alveolate.

Question 62

Provide three diseases caused by protozoa. Include the causal organism, the group in which it is classified, and its means of transmission when possible.

Question 63

Foraminiferans are Rhizarians .
______________

Question 64

Discuss the role of protists in both primary and secondary serial endosymbiosis.

Question 65

The archaeplastids include the red algae and the green algae.
________________

Question 66

Explain why choanoflagellates are thought to be of particular evolutionary importance.

Question 67

Coccolithophorids are marine members of the brown algae .
________________

Question 68

Amoebozoans move by means of flagella .
_______________

Question 69

Land plants are thought to have arisen most directly from a(n) red algal ancestor.
___________________