Deck 27: Seedless Plants

Question 1

What are the multicellular sex organs in plants?

A) fruits
B) spores
C) sperm
D) gametes
E) gametangia

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle in plants?

A) It prevents desiccation.
B) It prevents transpiration.
C) It prevents diffusion of gases.
D) It prevents the transport of nutrients.
E) It prevents the internal transport of water.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Plants are believed to have evolved from which group of algae?

A) diatoms
B) red algae
C) charophytes
D) dinoflagellates
E) cyanobacteria

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A bryophyte having a single large chloroplast in each cell belongs to which phylum?

A) Bryophyta
B) Pterophyta
C) Hepatophyta
D) Anthocerophyta
E) Lycopodiophyta

Question 5

Figure 27-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. At what point is there potential to undergo mitosis to become a gametophyte?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 6
E) 9

Question 6

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called:

A) setae.
B) fronds.
C) gemmae.
D) prothalli.
E) archegonia.

Question 7

Figure 27-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. At what point of this life cycle does fertilization occur?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 8

Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?

A) phloem
B) xylem
C) stems
D) roots
E) sori

Question 9

Which group of plants are the most recent to evolve?

A) mosses
B) hornworts
C) liverworts
D) angiosperms
E) gymnosperms

Question 10

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that function for support and conduction

A) cutin
B) chitin
C) lignin
D) actin
E) cellulose

Question 11

The first plants evolved rapidly during which time period?

A) Triassic
B) Silurian
C) Devonian
D) Ordovician
E) Carboniferous

Question 12

Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?

A) They lack gametes.
B) They lack vascular tissues.
C) They lack a reproductive cycle.
D) They lack roots to absorb nutrition.
E) They lack chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Question 13

In plants, the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular ____ (young plant) within a female gametangium.

A) seed
B) zygote
C) embryo
D) cotyledon
E) endosperm

Question 14

Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor that was an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

A) They are autotrophs.
B) They live on land.
C) They have green leaves.
D) They are green like green algae.
E) They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.

Question 15

Alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of:

A) meiotic and mitotic stages.
B) diploid and haploid stages.
C) male and female stages.
D) spore and seed stages.
E) thallus and leaf stages.

Question 16

Which is a differentiating characteristic of land plants from green algae?

A) Land plants photosynthesize.
B) Land plants have chlorophyll..
C) Land plants have a waxy cuticle.
D) Land plants utilize carbon dioxide.
E) Land plants's cell walls are made of cellulose.

Question 17

Figure 27-1 What is the structure labeled as A in the accompanying figure?

A) germinating spore
B) gametangium of a plant
C) gametangium of an alga
D) megasporangium of an alga
E) megasporangium of a plant

Question 18

What is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?

A) antheridium
B) archegonium
C) sporangium
D) strobilus
E) stoma

Question 19

Which is a characteristic shared between green algae and plants?

A) a waxy cuticle
B) multicellular gametangia
C) chlorophylls a and b in plastids
D) stomata in the surface of leaves
E) stomata in the surface of stems

Question 20

Figure 27-1 What is the structure labeled as 1 in the accompanying figure?

A) heterospore
B) homospore
C) embryo
D) gamete
E) zygote

Question 21

The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the ____ generation.

A) diploid sporophyte
B) diploid gametophyte
C) haploid sporophyte
D) haploid gametophyte
E) triploid sporophyte

Question 22

The ____ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently.

A) haploid sporophyte
B) haploid gametophyte
C) diploid sporophyte
D) diploid gametophyte
E) triploid sporophyte

Question 23

Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?

A) a seta
B) gemmae
C) a thallus
D) a frond
E) a prothallus

Question 24

According to the fossil record, the oldest vascular plants are placed in which phylum?

A) Rhyniophyta
B) Bryophyta
C) Anthocerophyta
D) Pteridophyta
E) Lycopodiphyta

Question 25

After sexual reproduction in a moss, the ____ grows out of the gametophyte.

A) bud
B) calyptra
C) protonema
D) sporophyte
E) archegonium

Question 26

The gametophyte generation of ferns is the:

A) prothallus.
B) protonema.
C) fiddlehead.
D) gemma.
E) thallus.

Question 27

Figure 27-3 The structure in the accompanying figure labeled as 4 is:

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) a zygote.
D) polyploid.
E) produced by meiosis.

Question 28

When a moss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a:

A) seta.
B) archegonia.
C) megaspore.
D) protonema.
E) prothallus.

Question 29

The oldest known fossils suggest that the ____ may have been the first plants to inhabit land.

A) ferns
B) mosses
C) hornworts
D) liverworts
E) angiosperms

Question 30

How do mosses help prevent soil erosion?

A) Mosses absorb the majority of running water.
B) Mosses have no role in soil formation or erosion.
C) Mosses provide an additional habitat to soil organisms.
D) Mosses have roots that create a lattice beneath the soil.
E) Mosses are packed in dense colonies, holding soil together.

Question 31

____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

A) Megaphylls
B) Microphylls
C) Thalli
D) Strobili
E) Sori

Question 32

How are the sperm of moss transported to the archegonia?

A) By wind
B) By water
C) By insects
D) By hummingbirds
E) Both insects and water

Question 33

Figure 27-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?

A) It is haploid.
B) It was produced by mitosis.
C) It was produced from a megaspore.
D) It is not a product of fertilization.
E) It is part of the sporophyte generation.

Question 34

Figure 27-3 The life cycle in the accompanying figure could represent which organism?

A) a moss
B) a whisk fern
C) a club moss
D) a horsetail
E) a liverwort

Question 35

What is the most ancient group of plants alive today?

A) horsetail
B) club moss
C) hornworts
D) liverworts
E) gymnosperms

Question 36

Which is the most economically important bryophyte?

A) Equisetum.
B) Anthoceros.
C) Psilotum.
D) Sphagnum.
E) Lycopodium.

Question 37

Which two plants of the Carboniferous period contributed to the formation of today's coal deposits?

A) lichens and true mosses
B) hornworts and liverworts
C) horsetails and club mosses
D) whisk ferns and true mosses
E) angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 38

The oldest known megafossils of early vascular plants may be characterized as:

A) possessing dichotomously branched stems without leaves or roots.
B) possessing dichotomously branched stems with leaves.
C) possessing erect stems with megaphylls.
D) possessing roots but lacking sporangia.
E) lacking roots but possessing megaphylls.

Question 39

The gametophyte is the dominant stage in the life cycle for which of the following plant groups?

A) club mosses
B) whisk ferns
C) liverworts
D) horsetails
E) ferns

Question 40

Microphylls is a structure that can only be found in:

A) ferns.
B) liverworts.
C) hornworts.
D) club mosses.
E) whisk ferns.

Question 41

The ____ of horsetails and club moss consists of several stalked, umbrella-like structures that produce sporangia.

A) gemme
B) leaves
C) strobilus
D) prothallus
E) sporophyte

Question 42

Which of the following is heterosporous?

A) whisk fern
B) spike moss
C) horsetail
D) liverwort
E) hornwort

Question 43

Microsporocytes divide by ____ to form ____.

A) meiosis; megapores
B) mitosis; endospores
C) mitosis; microspores
D) meiosis; microspores
E) meiosis; endospores

Question 44

Xylem is a vascular tissue that conducts dissolved sugars .
____________________

Question 45

Which statement about whisk ferns is FALSE?

A) They exhibit dichotomous branching.
B) One representative is Psilotum .
C) They lack true leaves.
D) They lack true roots.
E) They lack true stems.

Question 46

Diagram the evolution of microphylls and megaphylls.

Question 47

Which plant has a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls?

A) moss
B) horsetail
C) club moss
D) whisk fern
E) hornwort

Question 48

In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular .
_________________

Question 49

Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves.
____________________

Question 50

In plants, sporogenous cells divide by mitosis to form spores.
___________________

Question 51

Diagram and label the life cycle of a fern. Be sure to identify the gametophyte and sporophyte generations.

Question 52

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

A) moss
B) fern
C) liverwort
D) hornwort
E) charophyte

Question 53

Prepare a table that lists the features that distinguish bryophytes from green algae and from other plants.

Question 54

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:

A) heterospory.
B) sporogeny.
C) megaspory.
D) homospory.
E) microspory.

Question 55

After a moss spore germinates it forms a(n) prothallus .
____________________

Question 56

Heterospory is believed to have led to the evolution of:

A) eggs.
B) seeds.
C) xylem.
D) phloem.
E) pollen.

Question 57

Each archegonium produces many eggs .
_____________________

Question 58

What do ferns lack?

A) seeds
B) rhizomes
C) chloroplasts
D) vascular tissue
E) sexual reproductive cycle

Question 59

Identify and briefly describe the two phyla of seedless vascular plants. Include one or two representatives of each phylum.

Question 60

The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant?

A) fronds
B) prothalli
C) rhizomes
D) antheridia
E) fiddleheads

Question 61

If a plant produces microspores and megaspores, then by definition, it is homosporous .
____________________

Question 63

If you were a paleontologist studying clams, you would have an easier research project than if you were studying early plants. Why? Include in your discussion the term megafossils.

Question 64

Microphylls evolved from stem branches.
____________________

Question 65

A gemma is a(n) sexual reproductive structure produced by certain liverworts.
____________________

Question 66

An archegoniophore is found in certain liverworts.
____________________

Question 67

Club mosses belong to the phylum Bryophyta .
____________________

Question 68

Discuss adaptations for terrestrial life seen in land plants.

Question 69

A(n) sorus is a cluster of sporangia.
____________________

Question 70

Describe alternation of generations. Include in your discussion the following terms: gametophyte, sporophyte, diploid, haploid, dominant form, meiosis, and fertilization.