Deck 30: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

A) egg shell
B) internal fertilization
C) skeletal system and muscles
D) external respiratory surfaces
E) embryo development within the female

Answer 1

D

Question 2

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

A) are mobile.
B) have a brain.
C) are heterotrophs.
D) have an organ system.
E) only show sexual reproduction.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

A) The ocean water provided buoyancy.
B) They did not require a skeleton for support.
C) Internal fluid and salt balance was easy to maintain.
D) Reproduction was independent of internal fertilization.
E) The changeable temperature facilitated natural selection.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

A) Freshwater is turbulent.
B) Freshwater generally contains less food.
C) Freshwater maintains a constant oxygen content.
D) Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.
E) Freshwater temperatures do not fluctuate much.

Question 5

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

A) molt.
B) develop.
C) live on land.
D) reproduce sexually.
E) maintain homeostasis.

Question 6

Brachiopods, phoronids, and bryozoans all have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth. These animals are thus grouped as:

A) rotifers
B) flatworms
C) ctenophores
D) lophophorates
E) onychophorans

Question 7

The diverse body plans seen in Animalia apparently developed during the:

A) Silurian period.
B) Precambrian era.
C) Cambrian period.
D) Mesozoic period.
E) Devonian period..

Question 8

A ____ plane divides the animal body into dorsal and ventral parts.

A) cross
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) median
E) transverse

Question 9

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

A) As adults, they are haploid.
B) They are unable to sexually reproduce.
C) They are limited in the variety of food they can consume.
D) They are not capable of locomotion during their lifetime.
E) They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

Question 10

What molecular evidence have been found in cnidarians, which have radial symmetry, that is evidence to indicate cnidarians share a common ancestor with bilateral animals?

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) Hox genes
D) chromatids
E) amino acids

Question 11

The first air-breathing land animals were:

A) snails.
B) reptiles.
C) arthropods.
D) amphibians.
E) vertebrates.

Question 12

To include your eyes and ears in the same section, you would need to cut your body in which plane?

A) median
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) transverse
E) cephalic

Question 13

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

A) The presence of new predators
B) Being able to adapt to move on land
C) The need for more oxygen to do work
D) Finding a mate in the new environment
E) The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

Question 14

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

A) Cnidaria
B) Porifera
C) Annelida
D) Ctenophora
E) Echinodermata

Question 15

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

A) Sponge larvae are motile.
B) Sponges have beating flagella.
C) Sponges have an organ system.
D) Sponges have bilateral body symmetry.s
E) Sponges have a central nervous system.

Question 16

The first land animals likely moved onto land how long ago?

A) 650 million years ago
B) 450 million years ago
C) 250 million years ago
D) 150 million years ago
E) 50 million years ago

Question 17

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

A) it would not be able to obtain food.
B) it would have difficulty with buoyancy.
C) it would have difficulty with osmoregulation.
D) it would not experience the temperature stability found in the oceans.
E) it would not be able to obtain oxygen due to the absence of waves in the water.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE ?

A) Animals are consumers.
B) Animals have specialized cells.
C) Animals cannot respond to stimuli.
D) Animals are multicellular eukaryotes.
E) Animals have a life cycle of development.

Question 19

The main structural protein in the extracellular matrix and an important shared derived characteristic of animals is:

A) cellulose.
B) collagen.
C) tissue.
D) bones.
E) chitin.

Question 20

As a scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies?

A) fossil record
B) molecular data
C) predator-prey relationships
D) newly discovered prokaryotes in soil
E) better electron microscope pictures of cells

Question 21

Indeterminate cleavage takes place in ____ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is ____.

A) deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
B) protostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
C) deuterostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
D) protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
E) coelomates; fixed early in the developmental process

Question 22

The head end of an animal is known as its:

A) posterior end.
B) ventral end.
C) inferior end.
D) lateral end.
E) anterior end.

Question 23

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

A) Eumetazoa and Metazoa
B) Protostomia and Bilateria
C) Bilateria and Deutersostomia
D) Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
E) Lophotrochozoa and Deutrerostomia

Question 24

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

A) coelom lined by endoderm and mesoderm.
B) pseudocoelom lined by mesoderm.
C) pseudocoelom lined by endoderm.
D) coelom lined by ectoderm.
E) coelom lined by mesoderm.

Question 25

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

A) gut.
B) anus.
C) nostril.
D) mouth.
E) coelom.

Question 26

Which statement about echinoderms is FALSE?

A) They develop as deuterostomes.
B) They fall within the group Bilateria.
C) They show evidence of segmentation.
D) The fall on the eumetazoan branch of animals.
E) They fall within the group Deuterostomia.

Question 27

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

A) Protostomes are diploblastic.
B) Protostomes have radial symmetry.
C) Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.
D) The first opening that develops in protostomes is the anus.
E) Protostomes undergo indeterminate cleavage during development.

Question 28

Which is a characteristic of ribbon worms and flatworms?

A) They are coelomates.
B) They are acoelomates.
C) They have two germ layers.
D) They are pseudocoelomates.
E) They have three germ layers.

Question 29

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A) A pseudocoelom is a cavity not found between tissues.
B) A pseudocoelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
C) A coelom is a cavity fully lined by endoderm.
D) A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
E) A coelom is a cavity between two tissue layers.

Question 30

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?

A) annelids
B) molluscs
C) flatworms
D) arthropods
E) echinoderms

Question 31

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?

A) The animal molts.
B) The animal is a deuterostome.
C) The animal has motile larvae.
D) The animal has bilateral symmetry.
E) The animal develops three tissue layers.

Question 32

A true body cavity completely surrounded by ____ is called a coelom.

A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) exoderm
E) mesoglea

Question 33

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

A) tail end − posterior
B) mesoderm − muscles
C) coelom − n ο body cavity
D) deuterostomes − radial cleavage
E) triploblastic − bilateral organism

Question 34

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

A) yeast.
B) rotifers.
C) sponges.
D) bacteria.
E) choanoflagellates.

Question 35

Which group of organisms display radial cleavage during development?

A) annelids
B) mollusks
C) cnidarians
D) arthropods
E) echinoderms

Question 36

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) epithelium
E) mesenchyme

Question 37

The ____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

A) endoderm
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) blastopore
E) mesoglea

Question 38

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE?

A) Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians.
B) Bilateral animals tend to have cephalization.
C) Bilaterally symmetrical animals has three axes.
D) Bilateral symmetry animals have a mesoderm.
E) Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Question 39

Determinate cleavage takes place in ____ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is ____.

A) deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
B) protostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
C) deuterostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
D) protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
E) coelomates; fixed early in the developmental process

Question 40

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

A) a body.
B) tissues.
C) larvae.
D) reproductive cells.
E) feeding mechanisms.

Question 41

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

A) endoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) germ cells.
D) mesoderm.
E) pseudoderm.

Question 42

A true coelom develops within the ectoderm .
____________________

Question 43

How can radial symmetry be an advantage to slow-moving or sessile marine organisms?

Question 44

Hox genes have been identified in all bilaterally symmetric animal groups.
____________________

Question 45

List the main differences between protostomes and deuterostomes.

Question 46

Cells of the blastula undergo ____, a process that forms and segregates the three germ layers.

A) morphogenesis
B) development
C) gastrulation
D) cleavage
E) division

Question 47

Because it is an enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure, the coelom can serve as a _____, which shapes the body of soft animals.

A) food vessel
B) pressure balloon
C) hydrostatic skeleton
D) cartilaginous skeleton
E) storage compartment

Question 48

Explain the classification animals on the basis of the type of body cavity present. Use correct terminology and give an example of each.

Question 49

Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water.
____________________

Question 50

The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions.
____________________

Question 51

In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth .
____________________

Question 52

The body of a bilaterally symmetrical animal can divided into two equivalent halves by more than one plane.
____________________

Question 53

The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head .
____________________

Question 54

Which statement about the development of a coelom is FALSE?

A) It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.
B) It requires the endoderm to be covered by mesoderm.
C) It occurs in protostomes and deuterostomes.
D) It may occur by random.
E) It is a fluid-filled cavity.

Question 55

The nervous system develops from the endoderm .
____________________

Question 56

The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation.
____________________

Question 57

Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates .
____________________

Question 58

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and ____, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and ____.

A) sponges; ectoderm
B) sponges; mesoderm
C) ctenophores; mesoderm
D) ctenophores; endoderm
E) ctenophores; metaderm

Question 59

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

A) earthworm.
B) insect.
C) sponge.
D) clam.
E) cat.

Question 60

Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage.
____________________

Question 61

Discuss the evolution of the coelom and pseudocoelom. What advantages do coelomate animals have over acoelomates?

Question 62

Draw a cladogram that for the following animals: sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, echinoderms, chordates, molluscs, annelids, nematodes, and arthropods. On your cladogram indicate the points where the following evolved: 1) true tissues, 2) bilateral symmetry, 3) three germ layers, 4) segmentation, 5) protostome development, and 6) deuterostome development.

Question 64

Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa.
____________________

Question 65

An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a(n) sponge .
____________________

Question 66

Describe the problems associated with a terrestrial existence and some of the adaptations of some animals for dealing with these problems.