Deck 15: Ferment in the Middle East

Question 1

Identify the following terms:
Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Identify the following terms:
al-Fatah and Yasir Arafat

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Identify the following terms:
pan-Arabism

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Identify the following terms:
Ottoman and Persian Empires

Question 5

Identify the following terms:
the United Arab Republic

Question 6

Identify the following terms:
Yom Kippur War, 1973

Question 7

Identify the following terms:
Gamal Abdul Nasser

Question 8

Identify the following terms:
Battle of El Alamein

Question 9

Identify the following terms:
Jerusalem's Temple Mount

Question 10

Identify the following terms:
King Farouk and Colonel Muhammad Nagib

Question 11

Identify the following terms:
Suez Canal

Question 12

Identify the following terms:
Ehud Barak

Question 13

Identify the following terms:
"six-day war," 1967

Question 14

Identify the following terms:
Jordan's Bedouins

Question 15

Identify the following terms:
intifada

Question 16

Identify the following terms:
Itzhak Shamir and Lebanon

Question 17

Identify the following terms:
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin and the Camp David Agreement

Question 18

Identify the following terms:
Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights

Question 19

Identify the following terms:
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Question 20

Identify the following terms:
Palestinians

Question 21

Identify the following terms:
Iraq's Saddam Hussein

Question 22

Identify the following terms:
Mohammad Mosaddeq

Question 23

Identify the following terms:
Mahmoud Abbas v. Hamas

Question 24

Identify the following terms:
Kuwait and a "greater Iraq"

Question 25

Identify the following terms:
the Kurds

Question 26

Identify the following terms:
Iran's Mohammad Khatemi

Question 27

Identify the following terms:
"the great Satan"

Question 28

Identify the following terms:
Justice and Development Party

Question 29

Identify the following terms:
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

Question 30

Identify the following terms:
Afghanistan and the Taliban

Question 31

Identify the following terms:
Israel's Golda Meir

Question 32

Identify the following terms:
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's Iran

Question 33

Identify the following terms:
Operation Desert Storm

Question 34

Identify the following terms:
Turkish model for Islam

Question 35

Identify the following terms:
Iran-Iraq war

Question 36

Identify the following terms:
September 11, 2001

Question 37

Identify the following terms:
Arab Spring

Question 38

Identify the following terms:
Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Question 39

Identify the following terms:
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Question 40

Identify the following terms:
the United States Embassy hostage crisis

Question 41

The Palestine Liberation Organization, founded in 1964,

A) was opposed by Egypt's Nasser as too provocative towards the United States.
B) was established by Great Britain as a counterbalance to the Balfour Agreement.
C) guaranteed the continued existence of Israel so long as the Palestinians were awarded half of the state and Jerusalem was placed under international control.
D) stated that native Palestinians were the only rightful successors to the British mandate.
E) was immediately followed by an Israeli guerrilla movement directed against Jordan's West Bank.

Question 42

The United Arab Republic, created in 1958, was a union of

A) Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
B) Lebanon and Syria.
C) Iraq and Jordan.
D) Yemen and Palestine.
E) Egypt and Syria.

Question 43

Identify the following terms:
the chador and veil

Question 44

Identify the following terms:
Alaa al-Aswany The Yaccubian Building

Question 45

Identify the following terms:
David Ben-Gurion

Question 46

Identify the following terms:
Turkey's Orhan Pamuk's Snow

Question 47

The Middle Eastern state that is largely Muslim in religion but not really Arab in culture is

A) Iraq.
B) Palestine.
C) Egypt.
D) Syria.
E) Jordan.

Question 48

Israel defeated the Arab states in 1948 because

A) Israel had a larger population from which to raise an army.
B) the Arabs suffered from internal divisions.
C) the Arabs could not agree about the necessity to defend the Palestinians.
D) United States troops fought side by side with the Israelis.
E) Israel successfully occupied the Sinai Desert at the beginning of the conflict.

Question 49

Identify the following terms:
Egypt's Nawal el-Saadawi's Two Women in One

Question 50

Identify the following terms:
Mohamed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood

Question 51

Identify the following terms:
Benjamin Netanyahu

Question 52

After Egypt's Abdul Gamal Nasser seized power in his own right in 1954 he

A) followed a foreign policy sympathetic to the Soviet Union.
B) nationalized the Suez Canal.
C) restored King Farouk as a powerless symbol of the state.
D) ended Farouk's land reform program as being too costly.
E) sided with Iraq in the Iran-Iraq war.

Question 53

Identify the following terms:
ulama

Question 54

Identify the following terms:
Turkey's Ataturk

Question 55

Identify the following terms:
Egypt's Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy

Question 56

Identify the following terms:
Hassan Rouhani

Question 57

One of the major issues that divided the Middle Eastern Arab states was the future

A) use of oil resources.
B) of Israel.
C) of Palestine.
D) of Jerusalem.
E) Western colonialism in the region.

Question 58

"We Muslims are of one family even though we live under different governments and in various regions" was said by

A) the Prophet Muhammed.
B) Kemal Ataturk.
C) Gamal Abdul Nasser.
D) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
E) Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini.

Question 59

The British-French-Israeli attack on Nasser's Egypt in 1956 ended

A) with a surprising Egyptian victory.
B) with the destruction of the Suez Canal.
C) with the Suez Canal permanently under an Anglo-French consortium.
D) when the United States condemned the invasion, forcing a withdrawal of foreign troops.
E) in an armistice, after which the World Court placed the Suez Canal under United Nations control.

Question 60

The Middle Eastern state whose delicate balance between Christians and Muslims was upset by the influx of Palestinian refugees after the 1948 war was

A) Jordan.
B) Syria.
C) Yemen.
D) Lebanon.
E) Cyprus.

Question 61

The 1978 agreement between Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel's Menachem Begin occurred at

A) Jerusalem's Wailing Wall.
B) Camp David in the United States.
C) Geneva in neutral Switzerland.
D) the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris.
E) the West Bank.

Question 62

The Iranian Prime Minister that attempted to nationalize the oil industry in 1951 was

A) Mohammad Mosaddeq.
B) Ayatollah Khomeini.
C) General Nasser
D) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
E) Mohammad Khatami.

Question 63

In late 2000, peace talks between the PLO and the Israeli government broke down over

A) Jordan River water rights.
B) Israel's failure to withdraw from Lebanon.
C) threats from Iraq to use Scud missiles in the event of a permanent treaty of peace.
D) whether or not the PLO was truly a democratic body.
E) the future of Jerusalem.

Question 64

After the election of Mohammad Khatami, mo st Iranian moderates

A) had given up hope, given the absolute power of the Muslim clerics.
B) believed that significant liberalization of Iranian society was at least a possibility.
C) began to make plans for a possibly violent revolution against the conservatives.
D) had fled the country, seeking exile abroad.
E) hoped for military intervention by the United States in their battle against the Islamic conservatives.

Question 65

The 1990 victim of Saddam Hussein's ambition to build a "greater Iraq" was

A) Bahrain.
B) Iran.
C) Jordan.
D) Kuwait.
E) the United Arab Emirates.

Question 66

The radical group elected to power in Palestinian election in 2006 was

A) Hamas.
B) Hezbollah.
C) OPEC.
D) PLO.
E) Ba'ath Party.

Question 67

Relations between revolutionary Iran and the United States were confrontational for all of the following except

A) Iran's military alliance with the Soviet Union, directed against Israel.
B) Americans were held hostage in Tehran.
C) the Iranian government's demand that the Shah be returned so he could be put on trial.
D) President Jimmy Carter's freezing of Iranian economic assets in the United States.
E) America ended the purchase of Iranian oil.

Question 68

The fanaticism of the Taliban resembled the

A) Cultural Revolution.
B) Great Leap Forward.
C) pan-Arabism.
D) reign of terror.
E) Nazism.

Question 69

The first response by the United States after September 11, 2001, was to

A) overthrow Afghanistan's Taliban regime.
B) negotiate a tentative truce with nuclear North Korea.
C) invade Iraq and destroy the repressive regime of Saddam Hussain.
D) seize Iranian monetary assets in Europe and North America.
E) condemn the pro-terrorist statements of the French and German governments.

Question 70

One of the issues that led Egypt to attack Israel in the Yom Kippur War was

A) the fear that Israel might once against seize the Suez Canal.
B) Israel's continued control of all of Jerusalem.
C) because of Israeli plans to build permanent settlements on the West Bank.
D) to support Lebanon, which had been invaded by Israel.
E) in retaliation for the Israeli assault on Kuwait.

Question 71

The Iranian revolution of 1979 was caused by all of the following except

A) the autocratic nature of the Pahlavi regime.
B) the alienation of the intellectual community.
C) a generation-long decline in religious belief and religious influences among all Iranians.
D) economic inflation.
E) the presence of too many foreigners in Iran's traditional society.

Question 72

One of the factors complicating Israeli politics was

A) that a majority of the population were Palestinians, many of the Muslim.
B) the lack of any commitment to democratic procedures.
C) proportional representation in the Knesset, often giving fringe parties an effective veto on the policies of the center parties.
D) the lack of support from the United States.
E) the failure of foreign Jews to support Israel with either money or by immigration.

Question 73

The PLO uprising against Israel in the 1980s and again in the late 1990s is referred to as the

A) intifada .
B) hajj .
C) jihad .
D) hegira .
E) sakat .

Question 74

Iran's revolution

A) quickly led to better relations with its neighbor, Iraq.
B) established a republic under Islamic religious laws.
C) created a society which allowed considerable social and intellectual freedom.
D) placed the religious leaders under secular political control.
E) ended its disputes with the United States, and in 1980 the Soviet Union became "the great Satan."

Question 75

In the 1967 war,

A) Egypt's Nasser seized the Suez Canal.
B) Israel added one million Palestinians to its population.
C) Jordan sided with Israel.
D) Israel was forced to surrender the West Bank to Syria.
E) Jerusalem was seized by Palestinian guerrillas.

Question 76

During most of the 1970s, Iran

A) allied itself with the nearby Soviet Union against Western threats to seize Iran's oil.
B) was ruled by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
C) suffered economic depression as a result of deep declines in the price of oil.
D) was allied with Israel in Iran's war against Iraq.
E) successfully managed to solve its various social and economic challenges, including a major reform program which distributed land to Iran's peasant farmers.

Question 77

Anwar al-Sadat's policies included all of the following except

A) emphasized free enterprise economic development.
B) attacked Israel on Yom Kippur.
C) signed the Camp David Agreement.
D) replaced the United Arab Republic with the Arab Republic of Egypt.
E) convinced Arab colleagues to accept Camp David Agreement.

Question 78

Saddam Hussein survived his defeat in the Gulf War because

A) the victors feared a totally destroyed Iraq would tilt the Middle East balance of power towards Israel.
B) the victors, including the United States, lacked the military resources to drive Hussein from power.
C) Israel was more fearful of Iran than Iraq.
D) the victors feared that a breakup of the country might ultimately benefit Iran.
E) the belief that Hussein had learned his lesson and would now be a "good neighbor."

Question 79

By the late 1990s, Iran's Islamic revolution had

A) succeeded in ending official corruption.
B) overcome earlier economic problems, such as high inflation.
C) permanently ended press censorship and university purges.
D) temporarily elected to high office someone who could be considered a moderate.
E) abandoned the chador requirement for women as being "unislamic."

Question 80

Tensions between Iran and Iraq escalated because of

A) Iraq's Shi'ite government's opposition to Iran's Sunni Moslem leadership.
B) disputes about their common border with Saudi Arabia.
C) the ambitions of the Ayatollah Khomeini to conquer Iraq by force.
D) Iran's sometime support for Kurdish rebels in Iraq's mountainous north.
E) Iran's use of poison gas in the attempt to assassinate the family of Saddam Hussein.