Deck 7: East and West in the Grip of the Cold War

Question 1

By 1968, there were five hundred thousand American troops in Vietnam.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Truman Doctrine in the first instance was to provide aid to

A) Yugoslavia and Austria.
B) Greece and Turkey.
C) Greece and Italy.
D) Poland and Turkey.
E) Czechoslovakia and Austria.

Answer 2

Greece and Turkey.

Question 3

In exchange for Soviet support against Taiwan, the Chinese communists reluctantly accepted Khrushchev's policy of "peaceful coexistence" with the West.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Joseph Stalin eagerly desired Communist revolutions in Western Europe, but he was willing to wait because he and Lenin believed that

A) the West would voluntarily embrace communism.
B) the East wind would triumph over the West wind.
C) communism must first come to China.
D) imperialism would last until the 21^st century before it would collapse.
E) revolutions come in waves.

Question 5

The Viet Cong were the forces in South Vietnam that opposed the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam.

Question 6

Although initially the Truman administration indicated that it would not become involved in the future of Taiwan after Chiang Kai-shek had fled there toward the end of the Chinese Civil War, by 1949-1950, many influential figures in the United States were claiming that Taiwan was crucial the American defense strategy in the Pacific.

Question 7

By 1947, Yugoslavia was giving support to the communist insurgent movement in

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Turkey.
C) Austria.
D) Greece.
E) East Germany.

Question 8

President Lyndon Johnson was willing to use all force necessary to win the war in Vietnam even if that may mean instigating a world war.

Question 9

In the 1960s, many revisionist historians claimed that the United States was primarily to blame for the Cold War.

Question 10

The eastern European communist leader who was most successful in resisting control by the Soviet Union was

A) Joseph Stalin.
B) Joseph Broz Tito.
C) Walter Ulbricht.
D) Lech Walesa.
E) Imre Nagy.

Question 11

The outcome of the Chinese Civil War had little impact upon domestic politics in the United States.

Question 12

The United States refused to allow the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states to participate in Marshall Plan aid.

Question 13

Czechoslovakia was the exception to the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe after World War II.

Question 14

Although Khrushchev talked about "peaceful coexistence," Soviet actions in Hungary in 1956 and Khrushchev's demand that the West remove its forces from West Berlin, suggested to some that coexistence might not always be peaceful.

Question 15

One of the earliest disputes in the developing Cold War was

A) the overthrow of the government of Yugoslavia.
B) whether to divide Germany into zones of occupation.
C) the political make-up of the post-war Polish government.
D) the question about whether or not to put German war criminals on trial.
E) the Russian refusal to abandon territorial claims in Austria.

Question 16

In 1946 in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill claimed that

A) an Iron Curtain had descended across Europe.
B) socialism would lead to communism.
C) Britain would have to soon withdraw support from Greece.
D) he got along better with Franklin Roosevelt than with Harry Truman.
E) Great Britain had the atomic bomb.

Question 17

The Eastern European country that resisted a Communist takeover the longest was

A) Poland.
B) Czechoslovakia.
C) Bulgaria.
D) Romania.
E) Yugoslavia.

Question 18

One of the events that led to the Truman Doctrine was the British withdrawal from the active role they had been playing in Greece and Turkey because of Britain's postwar economic problems.

Question 19

The Truman Doctrine said that

A) the United States would only aid the governments of Western Europe against Communist insurgencies.
B) the Soviet Union must abandon control of the governments of Eastern Europe.
C) the United States would support free peoples resisting Communist aggression.
D) America would use atomic weapons against the spread of Soviet communism.
E) the Cold War was becoming a Hot War.

Question 20

Perestroika was the policy of internal reform initiated by Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 21

"Containment" envisioned

A) an immediate roll-back of Soviet power in eastern Europe.
B) granting the Soviet the right expand to the Rhine River but no further.
C) the vigilant application of a counter-force in reaction to shifting Soviet policies.
D) a policy of American isolation from the post-war European problems.
E) new security program to weed out communist spies in the United States government.

Question 22

In 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to temporarily divide the Korean peninsula at the

A) 17^th parallel.
B) 25^th parallel.
C) 38^th parallel.
D) 47^th parallel.
E) Prime Meridian.

Question 23

At the beginning of the Korean War, the United Nations forces were under the command of General

A) Dwight David Eisenhower.
B) Douglas MacArthur.
C) Omar Bradley.
D) Bernard Montgomery.
E) Irwin Rommel.

Question 24

During World War II, in China

A) Chiang Kai-Shek made full use of his Nationalist army in the effort to expel the Japanese.
B) Mao Zedong reduced the size of the People's Liberation Army, devoting himself to land reform and land redistribution.
C) Chiang and Mao engaged in a bloody civil war with each other.
D) Chiang withheld his troops from the war against Japan and Mao increased the size of the PLA.
E) the Japanese army took over all of China and had to be driven out by the Americans in the battle of Nanjing.

Question 25

Regarding the origins of the Cold War, the text notes that

A) in the 1950s most historians blamed an inexperienced Harry Truman.
B) the new revisionists of the 1960's argued that both sides were equally responsible.
C) Stalin's antagonisms to the West long predated the policy of containment.
D) Winston Churchill's angry "Iron Curtain" speech initiated the conflict.
E) it did not begin until after Stalin's death and with the coming to power of Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 26

The Soviet response to the Marshall plan was

A) to eagerly embrace its offer of economic assistance.
B) to reject it because it was an example of American economic and political imperialism.
C) cautiously accept it but with the proviso that no aid should be given to Germany because of the latter's responsibility for causing World War II.
D) accept aid for the Soviet Union but not to the other nations under Soviet control.
E) establish its own equally-funded aid program.

Question 27

The European Recovery Program of 1947 is better known as

A) the Truman Doctrine.
B) the Marshall Plan.
C) the Eisenhower Assistance Act.
D) CARE.
E) NATO.

Question 28

The cry in the United States in the late 1940s, "soft on communism," refers to the

A) victory of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe.
B) loss of Berlin to communism.
C) defeat of the Nationalists by Japanese communists during World War II.
D) victory of Mao Zedong and the Communists in the Chinese Civil War.
E) loss of Taiwan to Chiang Kai-Shek.

Question 29

By 1948, the fate of which of the following European nations had become a source of bitter contention between the Soviet Union and the West:

A) Yugoslavia
B) Greece
C) Germany
D) Austria
E) Czechoslovakia

Question 30

The unified three Western zones in Germany officially became the

A) German Democratic Republic.
B) Federal Republic of Germany.
C) United German Federation.
D) Western German Republic.
E) German Federation of the West.

Question 31

When the United States, Great Britain, and France began to plan for the unification of their three zones in western Germany, the Soviets responded with the

A) Berlin Wall.
B) Berlin Blockade.
C) Berlin Airlift.
D) Munich Line.
E) Eastern Front.

Question 32

After being defeated by the Communists, Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists fled to

A) Hong Kong.
B) Manchuria.
C) Hunan.
D) Yan'an.
E) Taiwan.

Question 33

Concerning China, at Yalta, Stalin

A) urged support for the Chinese Communist Party.
B) indicated that he would sign a treaty of alliance with Chiang Kai-shek's Republic of China.
C) promised to stay out of Chinese affairs in exchange for the island of Formosa.
D) agreed to divide China at the 38^th parallel.
E) stated that in reality Mao Zedong was not a true communist.

Question 34

The Eastern European communist states organized a formal military alliance called the

A) Prague Pact.
B) Moscow Agreement.
C) COMECON.
D) Warsaw Pact.
E) Eastern Communist Alliance.

Question 35

In the first Indochina war, Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh Front fought against

A) the United States.
B) France.
C) South Vietnam.
D) Great Britain.
E) China.

Question 36

The People's Republic of China entered the Korean War

A) because the Soviet Union's Stalin demanded that Mao invade Korea in order to spread the communist revolution to Korea.
B) in order to distract the Chinese public from its disastrous economic condition.
C) because the United Nations urged that China intervene in order to preserve peace.
D) in fear that hostile American military forces would be stationed on the Chinese frontier.
E) in order to deflect the invasion of China by the army of South Korea.

Question 37

The policy known as "containment" was authored by

A) Franklin Roosevelt.
B) George C. Marshall.
C) Joseph McCarthy.
D) George Kennan.
E) Dean Acheson.

Question 38

When first established in 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did not include

A) Great Britain.
B) West Germany.
C) France.
D) Luxembourg.
E) Iceland.

Question 39

In the Chinese Civil War, the United States

A) supported Mao Zedong because it was apparent that the Communists would win.
B) strongly supported Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists, even promising to use atomic weapons if necessary.
C) gave limited military aid to the Nationalists.
D) gave limited military aid to the Communists.
E) was entirely uninvolved and uninterested, being only concerned with Cold War issues in Europe.

Question 40

Mao Zedong's "mass line"

A) reduced rents on land and seized land from wealthy landlords.
B) confiscated the banks and industrial facilities from the bourgeoisie elite.
C) militarily defeated the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War.
D) operated only in southern China.
E) was abandoned as a failure when the Civil War began.

Question 41

Détente refers to

A) the destabilization of the relationship between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.
B) the detection of nuclear tests in the atmosphere in accordance with the Helsinki Agreement.
C) the deactivation of the hot line between Moscow and Washington, D.C. after the Bay of Pigs fiasco.
D) the destruction of the artificial border between North and South Vietnam as a part of the 1953 truce.
E) the lessening of tensions after the Cuban Missile Crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 42

Which leaders supported the Nonaligned Movement?

A) Nehru, Tito, and Sukarno.
B) Castro, Tito, and Mao.
C) Mao, Gorbachev, and Brezhnev.
D) Ho Chi Minh, Sukarno, and Kennan.
E) Marshall, Johnson, and Kissinger.

Question 43

The Geneva agreement of 1954

A) united Vietnam into one nation.
B) awarded France the southern part of Vietnam.
C) temporarily divided Vietnam into a communist north and a non-communist south.
D) permanently canceled the previously scheduled elections.
E) ended the Korean War with a truce arranged along the 17^th parallel.

Question 44

In the 1972 SALT I Treaty

A) the United States agreed to withdraw its troops from Vietnam and only aid South Vietnam with non-nuclear missiles.
B) the Soviet Union and the United States agreed to set limits on their antiballistic missile systems.
C) Communist China and the Soviet Union agreed to resume diplomatic relations.
D) the United States opened formal diplomatic relations with Communist China after the visit of Richard Nixon.
E) prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

Question 45

The Soviet ruler who advocated "peaceful coexistence" in the 1950s was

A) Georgy Malenkov.
B) Nikita Khrushchev.
C) Leonid Brezhnev.
D) Alexei Kosygin.
E) Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 46

The Berlin Airlift accomplished all except

A) avoided direct conflict between USSR and USA.
B) delivered up to 13,000 tons of supplies daily.
C) supplied the cities resident with food.
D) defeated the Soviet Union with a combination of tanks and trucks.
E) convinced the Soviets to lift the blockade.

Question 47

The policy of "equivalence"

A) assumed a balance of power on both sides could prevent war.
B) was the diplomatic attempt to trade Soviet spies for Western spies after the construction of the Berlin Wall.
C) found that Western Europe and Eastern Europe were equal in their military capacity.
D) was the doctrine which saw the West accept the Soviet presence in Eastern Europe in exchange for human rights guarantees by the Eastern European Communist bloc.
E) ended with administration of Richard Nixon.

Question 48

The outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis could best be described as

A) a victory for the United States.
B) a victory for the Soviet Union.
C) a compromise which avoided nuclear war.
D) a defeat for Fidel Castro at the Bay of Pigs.
E) failure of diplomacy.

Question 49

Examples of "peaceful coexistence" included all of the following except

A) the Soviet intervention in Hungary.
B) an end to the occupation of Austria.
C) the Soviet government's call for a reduction in defense expenditures.
D) Nikita Khrushchev's visit to the United States in 1958.
E) cultural exchanges such as the visit of the Kirov Ballet to the United States.

Question 50

By the early 1960s, the Soviet Union and Communist China were becoming estranged because

A) the Soviet Union was urging Mao Zedong to attack Taiwan, but Mao was opposed.
B) the policies of the Soviet Union were becoming more radical while those of Communist China were becoming more moderate.
C) the Soviets wanted to use nuclear weapons to drive the United States out of Vietnam.
D) Mao wanted Soviet support for a Chinese Communist invasion of Taiwan, but the Soviet leadership was unwilling to provide it.
E) Mao wanted to pursue a policy of "socialism in one country" while Nikita Khrushchev advocated a policy of permanent international revolution led by the Comintern.

Question 51

When Nikita Khrushchev fell from power in 1964, he was replaced by

A) Joseph Broz Tito.
B) Walter Ulbricht.
C) Mikhail Gorbachev.
D) Leonid Brezhnev.
E) Viktor Andropov.

Question 52

The phrase, "the evil empire," was uttered by

A) John Kennedy.
B) Winston Churchill.
C) Charles de Gaulle.
D) Ronald Reagan.
E) Bill Clinton.

Question 53

The Sandinistas and the Contras were bitter opponents in the Central American nation of

A) Costa Rica.
B) El Salvador.
C) Guatemala.
D) Nicaragua.
E) Panama.

Question 54

All of the following were part of the increased Cold War tensions under Ronald Reagan except

A) "Star Wars."
B) harsh rhetoric.
C) cruise missiles.
D) the Strategic Defense Initiative.
E) the Gulf War against Iraq.

Question 55

The Paris peace treaty of 1973

A) ended the war in Vietnam by dividing Vietnam at the 17^th parallel.
B) awarded North Vietnam the victory.
C) stated that American troops would remain in Vietnam in order to keep the peace.
D) stated that American troops would be withdrawn from Vietnam and that both sides would attempt to achieve a political solution.
E) was immediately voided because of Chinese military intervention in the north.

Question 56

T he 1975 agreement in which the West recognized the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe and all the signatories promised to protect the human rights of their citizens was

A) SALT II.
B) the Paris Peace Treaty.
C) the Equivalence Accord.
D) the Helsin ki Accords.
E) the Moscow Memorandum.

Question 57

The supposed public fear in the United States to becoming involved in a regional war was the

A) Berlin Syndrome.
B) Korea Syndrome.
C) Munich Syndrome.
D) Jerusalem Syndrome.
E) Vietnam Syndrome.

Question 58

The American president who reversed the United States policy towards Communist China and made a diplomatic visit to China was

A) John F. Kennedy.
B) Lyndon B. Johnson.
C) Richard M. Nixon.
D) Jimmy Carter.
E) Ronald Reagan.

Question 59

By 1968, the war in Vietnam was

A) becoming a stalemate.
B) being won by North Vietnam.
C) being won by the United States.
D) being won by South Vietnam.
E) in danger of spreading to China and India.

Question 60

The United State's threat to use military force if necessary to safeguard Western access to the Middle East's oil reserves is known as the

A) Carter Doctrine.
B) Kennedy Doctrine.
C) Nixon Doctrine.
D) Reagan Doctrine.
E) Truman Doctrine.

Question 61

Identify the following terms:
German Democratic Republic

Question 62

Identify the following terms:
Cold War

Question 63

Identify the following terms:
Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong

Question 64

What city did Khrushchev refer to as a "boil on the foot of the United States"?

A) Berlin.
B) Moscow.
C) Beijing.
D) Saigon.
E) Jerusalem.

Question 65

Which of these countries was not an original member of the Warsaw Pact?

A) Austria.
B) Albania.
C) Hungary.
D) Romania.
E) Poland.

Question 66

Identify the following terms:
the Truman Doctrine

Question 67

Identify the following terms:
the Marshall Plan

Question 68

Identify the following terms:
the PLA

Question 69

Identify the following terms:
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)

Question 70

Identify the following terms:
the "mass line"

Question 71

Identify the following terms:
COMECON

Question 72

Identify the following terms:
Churchill's "Iron Curtain"

Question 73

Identify the following terms:
Josip Broz/Tito

Question 74

Identify the following terms:
Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Question 75

Identify the following terms:
Polish government-in-exile

Question 76

The failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 took place at

A) Havana.
B) the Bay of Pigs.
C) Hanoi.
D) Straits of Hormuz.
E) Honduras.

Question 77

Identify the following terms:
Taiwan

Question 78

As part of the negotiations ending the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States agreed

A) to grant travel visas to American tourists travelling to Cuba.
B) to support Castro's regime with grain exports.
C) to evacuate troops from Berlin.
D) to remove missiles from Turkey.
E) to close bases in South Korea.

Question 79

Identify the following terms:
NATO and the Warsaw Pact

Question 80

Identify the following terms:
George Kennan and "containment"