Deck 27: Protists

Question 1

A number of major disease-causing protists are members of ____.

A) Euglenoids
B) Excavates
C) Archaeplastida
D) diatoms
E) brown algae

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which statement best describes the phylogenetic relationship between single-celled eukaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals?

A) Fungi and animals share a common protist lineage, while plants arose from a different single-celled eukaryotic ancestor.
B) Fungi and plants share a common protist lineage, while animals arose from a different single-celled eukaryotic ancestor.
C) Animals and plants share a common protist lineage, while fungi arose from a different single-celled eukaryotic sancestor.
D) Plants, animals, and fungi each arose from a different single-celled eukaryote lineage.
E) Plants, animals, fungi, and protists each arose from the same prokaryotic ancestor.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A ____ is an extension of a lobe of the cytoplasm, which is used by some single-celled eukaryotes for movement.

A) gullet
B) pseudopod
C) cilium
D) pilus
E) flagellum

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Single-celled eukaryotes that have a single flagellum are called ____.

A) Amorphea
B) opisthokonts
C) Excavta
D) euglenoids
E) rhizarians

Question 5

The undulating membrane of Parabasala is used for ____.

A) defensive purposes
B) asexual reproduction
C) structural support
D) food absorption
E) movement

Question 6

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Water balance is maintained by the structures labeled ____.

A) 1 and 3
B) 5 and 9
C) 7 and 8
D) 6 and 9
E) 1 and 6

Question 7

Some single-celled eukaryotes have a pellicle, which is used for ____.

A) defensive purposes
B) sexual reproduction
C) structural support
D) water absorption
E) food storage

Question 8

You discover an organism that has a nucleus but no mitochondria. This organism could be a(n) ____.

A) euglenoid
B) diplomonad
C) kinetoplastid
D) ciliate
E) dinoflagellate

Question 9

Small, photosynthetic single-celled eukaryotes found in aquatic habitats are collectively called ____.

A) zooplankton
B) phytoplankton
C) phagoplankton
D) bryophytes
E) chrysophytes

Question 10

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The function of the structure labeled "9" is ____.

A) food intake
B) digestion
C) sexual reproduction
D) water discharge
E) asexual reproduction

Question 11

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The structures labeled "5" are ____.

A) trichocysts
B) micronuclei
C) flagella
D) pili
E) gullet

Question 12

Giardia lamblia, spread by water contaminated with feces, forms resistant ____.

A) endospores
B) exospores
C) cysts
D) sporangia
E) trophozoites

Question 13

The cause of malaria is a ____.

A) bacterium
B) protist
C) virus
D) fungus
E) animal

Question 14

The cause of malaria is a ____.

A) Pseudomonas
B) Phytophthora
C) Plasmodium
D) Physarum
E) Phytophthora

Question 15

Figure 27.1 (questions 11-16)
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The function of the structure labeled "2" is ____.

A) food intake
B) digestion
C) waste elimination
D) water discharge
E) asexual reproduction

Question 16

The protists are a defunct group of organisms that were traditionally grouped together because they all ____.

A) have the same type of nutrition
B) live in the same environments
C) have very similar DNA sequences
D) have very similar shapes
E) are not prokaryotes, fungi, plants, or animals

Question 17

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The structures labeled "4" are ____.

A) trichocysts
B) cilia
C) flagella
D) pili
E) pellicles

Question 18

Eukaryotes arose when

A) an aerobic bacterium consumed an archaean by phagocytosis.
B) a photosynthetic bacterium consumed an aerobic bacterium by phagocytosis.
C) an archaean consumed an aerobic bacterium by phagocytosis.
D) a ciliate consumed an archaean by phagocytosis.
E) a ciliate consumed an aerobic bacterium by phagosytosis.

Question 19

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The structure labeled "7" is the ____.

A) food vacuole
B) gullet
C) macronucleus
D) micronucleus
E) mitochondrion

Question 20

The majority of single-celled eukaryotes are ____.

A) anaerobic
B) aerobic
C) autotrophic
D) parasitic
E) photosynthetic

Question 21

Most golden algae are ____.

A) unicellular and autotrophic
B) unicellular and heterotrophic
C) colonial and autotrophic
D) colonial and heterotrophic
E) multicellular and heterotrophic

Question 22

Many algal species have life cycles consisting of alternating haploid and diploid generations. The most common life cycle in brown algae consists of organisms that are ____.

A) unicellular in the haploid stage and multicellular in the diploid stage
B) multicellular in the haploid stage and unicellular in the diploid stage
C) unicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages
D) multicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages
E) colonial in both the haploid and diploid stages

Question 23

The ____ are members of the Oomycota.

A) water molds
B) white rusts
C) downy mildews
D) water molds and white rusts
E) water molds, white rusts and mildews

Question 24

Diatoms belong to the group ____.

A) Bacillariophyta
B) Phaeophyta
C) Chrysophyta
D) Rhodophyta
E) Chlorophyta

Question 25

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. What is occurring in step 11?

A) cytoplasmic division
B) fusion
C) fertilization
D) the first meiotic division
E) the second meiotic division

Question 26

Brown algae lack true roots but have similar structures called ____ that anchor them to their substrate.

A) stipes
B) blades
C) holdfasts
D) thalli
E) rhizoids

Question 27

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. What is occurring in step 2?

A) mitosis
B) the first meiotic division
C) the second meiotic division
D) fertilization
E) fusion

Question 28

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Mitosis is occurring in step(s) ____.

A) 7 only
B) 8 only
C) 10 only
D) 7 and 8
E) 7, 8, and 10

Question 29

The only single-celled eukaryotes that have two types of nuclei in each cell are the ____.

A) Archaeplastida
B) dinoflagellates
C) ciliates
D) Excavates
E) amoebozoans

Question 30

The least mobile single-celled eukaryotes are the ____.

A) apicomplexans
B) dinoflagellates
C) diatoms
D) heterokonts
E) euglenoids

Question 31

Figure 27.2 (questions 25-30)
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. This figure illustrates the process of ____.

A) conjugation
B) transformation
C) transduction
D) translocation
E) excystation

Question 32

Radiolarians have characteristic ____, which are thin, ray-like strands of cytoplasm supported internally by bundles of ____.

A) axopods; microfilaments
B) axopods; microtubules
C) spicules; microfilaments
D) spicules; microtubules
E) microfilaments; axopods

Question 33

Red tide and extensive fish kills are caused by population blooms of ____.

A) euglenoids
B) dinoflagellates
C) diatoms
D) ciliates
E) brown algae

Question 34

When under attack, ciliates can eject dart-like protein threads from surface organelles called ____.

A) vacuoles
B) gullets
C) trichocysts
D) phagosomes
E) alveoli

Question 35

Diatoms can best be described as ____.

A) unicellular and autotrophic
B) unicellular and heterotrophic
C) multicellular and autotrophic
D) multicellular and heterotrophic
E) multicellular and parasitic

Question 36

Algin is a substance used to thicken products as diverse as ice cream, cosmetics, and floor polish. It is extracted from the cell walls of ____ algae.

A) green
B) golden
C) blue-green
D) brown
E) red

Question 37

Kinetoplastids are ____.

A) non-photosynthetic
B) parasitic
C) ciliated
D) non-photosynthetic and parasitic
E) non-photosynthetic, parasitic, and ciliated

Question 38

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The degeneration of nuclei is occurring in step(s) ____.

A) 4 only
B) 5 only
C) 8 only
D) 4 and 5
E) 4 and 8

Question 39

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. What is occurring in step 6?

A) fission
B) fusion
C) fertilization
D) the first meiotic division
E) the second meiotic division

Question 40

Ciliates include the genus ____.

A) Euglena
B) Anopheles
C) Trichomonas
D) Paramecium
E) Entamoeba

Question 41

Currently malaria ____.

A) kills about two million people each year in the U.S.
B) has no known treatment
C) can be prevented with a vaccination
D) can be prevented with the drug quinidine
E) is a temporary infection

Question 42

The green algae include ____.

A) unicellular species only
B) multicellular species only
C) unicellular and multicellular species
D) unicellular and colonial species
E) unicellular, multicellular, and colonial species

Question 43

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Label B illustrates Plasmodium infection of the ____.

A) kidney
B) liver
C) gall bladder
D) stomach
E) lung

Question 44

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The fruiting body is the structure with the label ____.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 45

Rhodophyta consist of 4,000 species of ____algae.

A) brown
B) red
C) golden
D) green
E) blue-green

Question 46

Amoebas use pseudopodia for movement and ____.

A) sexual reproduction
B) excretion
C) feeding
D) avoiding predation
E) asexual reproduction

Question 47

Shells of forams consist of organic matter reinforced by ____.

A) silica
B) cellulose
C) calcium carbonate
D) copper sulfate
E) hydrogen sulfide

Question 48

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The animal labeled "E" is a ____.

A) mosquito of the genus Aedes
B) mosquito of the genus Anopheles
C) mosquito of the genus Culex
D) fly of the genus Musca
E) tick of the genus Amblyoma

Question 49

The ____ acquired plastids through primary endosymbiosis.

A) stramenopiles
B) red algae
C) dinoflagellates
D) ciliates
E) euglenoids

Question 50

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which stage(s) produce(s) the characteristic chills and fever of malaria?

A) A only
B) B only
C) C only
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 51

Figure 27.4 (questions 56-60)
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which stage of the Plasmodium life cycle does Label A represent?

A) sporozoite
B) gametocyte
C) cyst
D) zygote
E) merozoite

Question 52

Under favorable conditions, plasmodial slime molds exist primarily as ____.

A) a coordinated, multicellular mass
B) individual amoeba-like cells
C) individual flagellated cells
D) a single, multinucleated cellular mass
E) spore-forming fruiting bodies

Question 53

Many algal species have life cycles consisting of alternating haploid and diploid generations. The most common life cycle in green algae consists of organisms that are ____ in the haploid stage and ____ in the diploid stage.

A) unicellular; multicellular
B) multicellular; unicellular
C) unicellular; unicellular
D) multicellular; multicellular
E) colonial; colonial

Question 54

The algal ancestors of land plants were most likely similar to the ____.

A) Rhodophyta
B) Phaeophyta
C) Chrysophyta
D) charophytes
E) Radiolaria

Question 55

Cellular slime molds can be distinguished from plasmodial slime molds on the basis of ____

A) reproductive structures
B) spore formation
C) nuclei per cytoplasm
D) slime trails
E) food requirements

Question 56

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The slug is the structure with the label ____.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 57

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The structure labeled "E" is formed ____.

A) under favorable conditions
B) under unfavorable conditions
C) by mitosis
D) by meiosis
E) by fusion of individual cells

Question 58

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which stage of the Plasmodium life cycle does label D represent?

A) sporozoite
B) gametocyte
C) cyst
D) zygote
E) merozoite

Question 59

Figure 27.3 (questions 45-48)
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. This figure illustrates the life cycle of a ____.

A) brown algae
B) green algae
C) water mold
D) plasmodial slime mold
E) cellular slime mold

Question 60

Slime molds move about in a way similar to ____.

A) water molds
B) fungi
C) amoebas
D) dinoflagellates
E) ciliates

Question 61

According to the latest research, what statement best describes the first eukaryote?

A) It lacked a nucleus, a mitochondrion, or a chloroplast.
B) It lacked a nucleus but contained a mitochondrion and a chloroplast.
C) It contained a nucleus and a chloroplast, but not a mitochondrion.
D) It contained a nucleus and a mitochondrion, but not a chloroplast.
E) It contained a nucleus, a mitochondrion, and a chloroplast.

Question 62

The most diverse archaeplastida group is composed of ____.

A) red algae
B) brown algae
C) diatoms
D) green algae
E) charophytes

Question 64

You find a small eukaryote that is unicellular, heterotrophic, and non-flagellated. It has two nuclei of different sizes. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n) ____.

A) kinetoplastid
B) plasmodial slime mold
C) ciliate
D) foram
E) amoebozoan

Question 65

Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when a ____ eukaryote engulfs a ____.

A) photosynthetic; photosynthetic prokaryote
B) photosynthetic; non-photosynthetic prokaryote
C) photosynthetic; non-photosynthetic eukaryote
D) non-photosynthetic; photosynthetic prokaryote
E) non-photosynthetic; photosynthetic eukaryote

Question 68

The ____ are the primary photosynthetic organisms of marine plankton.

A) apicomplexans
B) diatoms
C) dinoflagellates
D) parasitic ciliates
E) free-living ciliates

Question 70

The ____ absorb nutrients through their plasma membranes and lack food vacuoles.

A) golden algae
B) apicomplexans
C) dinoflagellates
D) diatoms
E) red algae

Question 72

The ____ group includes human pathogens.

A) parabasalids
B) euglenoids
C) forams
D) red algae
E) brown algae

Question 73

The White Cliffs of Dover, England, are composed of shells of ancient diatoms .

Question 74

The parasite that causes African sleeping sickness is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito .

Question 75

Radiolarians have frothy vacuoles and lipid droplets, which provide them with buoyancy in marine environments.

Question 76

The land plants are termed viridaeplantae .

Question 77

The production of cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium results in ____.

A) sexual reproduction
B) cell division
C) swimming
D) spore production
E) aggregation of cells

Question 78

Describe the term protozoa and algae, and indicate why these terms are outdated.

Question 79

All algae ____.

A) are unicellular
B) are multicellular
C) have chlorophyll
D) are motile at all stages of their life cycle
E) have life cycles with alternating generations

Question 80

The ____ are heterotrophic fungus-like protists.

A) Rhodophyta
B) Chrysophyta
C) Phaeophyta
D) Bacillariophyta
E) Oomycota