Deck 36: Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Question 1

The male gametophyte in flowering plants forms in a ____.

A) corolla
B) receptacle
C) stamen
D) calyx
E) carpel

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which part of a flower is typically the most leaf like, and when green can carry out photosynthesis?

A) carpels
B) receptacles
C) sepals
D) petals
E) stamens

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The female gametophyte in flowering plants forms in a _____.

A) calyx
B) carpel
C) receptacle
D) corolla
E) stamen

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The landing platform for pollen in flowering plants is the ____.

A) filament
B) stigma
C) anther
D) style
E) ovary

Question 5

The end of floral shoot where a flower develops is called the ____.

A) ovule
B) calyx
C) receptacle
D) filament
E) carpel

Question 6

Where in a flowering plant should you expect meiosis to occur?

A) leaves
B) roots and leaves
C) flowers
D) flowers, roots, and leaves
E) roots

Question 7

Unlike in animal meiosis, meiosis in plants gives rise to ____.

A) diploid spores
B) haploid spores
C) diploid gametes
D) haploid gametes
E) cells without walls

Question 8

Meiosis in flowering plants gives rise to cells that are ____.

A) haploid gametophytes
B) diploid sporophytes
C) sporophytes that can be haploid or diploid
D) diploid gametophytes
E) haploid sporophytes

Question 9

The structure between the carpel and stigma is the ____.

A) stamen
B) sepal
C) style
D) ovary
E) anther

Question 10

Which of the following are the male gametophytes in flowering plants?

A) stamens
B) sperm
C) shoot parts bearing male flowers
D) pollen grains
E) anthers

Question 11

In flowering plants, the gametophytes are ____.

A) smaller than the sporophytes and do not nourish themselves
B) smaller than the sporophytes but are free-living and nourish themselves for most of their lives
C) usually larger than the sporophytes, and free-living
D) usually larger than the sporophytes, and both nourish themselves
E) roughly equal in size tosporophytes and both nourish themselves

Question 12

The female gametophyte in flowering plants usually consists of ____.

A) a complete pistil
B) seven cells embedded in floral tissues
C) a single ovary
D) a seed
E) shoot parts bearing female flowers

Question 13

The petals of a flower make up the ____.

A) corolla
B) filament
C) ovule
D) calyx
E) receptacle

Question 14

The innermost whorl of a flower typically consists of one or more ____.

A) petals
B) carpels
C) stamens
D) receptacles
E) sepals

Question 15

Flowering plants ____.

A) only reproduce asexually
B) produce clones through sexual reproduction, and under certain circumstances seeds through asexual reproduction
C) reproduce asexually about half the time and sexually about half the time
D) only reproduce sexually
E) produce seeds through sexual reproduction, and under certain circumstances clones through asexual reproduction

Question 16

After fertilization in flowering plants, an embryo in a seed ____.

A) begins as a gametophyte and ends up as a sporophyte before germination
B) is always a sporophyte
C) is usually a gametophyte but can be a sporophyte
D) begins as a sporophyte and ends up as a gametophyte before germination
E) is always a gametophyte

Question 17

In a flower, an anther is typically at the tip of a(n) ____.

A) calyx
B) receptacle
C) carpel
D) filament
E) ovule

Question 18

The sepals of a flower make up the ____.

A) receptacle
B) corolla
C) carpel
D) calyx
E) filament

Question 19

In flowering plants an ovary is part of a(n) ____.

A) corolla
B) ovule
C) calyx
D) stamen
E) carpel

Question 20

Unlike most angiosperms, Theobroma cacao flowers are produced ____.

A) at the tips of floral shoots
B) from buds on the roots
C) from buds on the tree trunk
D) asexually
E) only on trees grown on plantations

Question 21

Which of the following is the main reason why pollen withstands decay much better than typical plant parts?

A) hemicellulose
B) sporopollenin
C) lignin
D) cellulose
E) pectin

Question 22

Self-incompatibility in flowering plants is a biochemical recognition and rejection process that prevents ____.

A) both self-fertilization and self-pollination
B) self-pollination and occasionally prevents self-fertilization
C) self-fertilization but not self-pollination
D) self-pollination but not self-fertilization
E) self-fertilization and occasionally prevents self-pollination

Question 23

The female reproductive whorl of a flower typically consists of one or more ____.

A) petals
B) carpels
C) stamens
D) receptacles
E) sepals

Question 24

A flower with carpels and stamens but no petals or sepals is ____.

A) perfect and incomplete
B) imperfect and complete
C) imperfect and incomplete
D) perfect and complete
E) sterile

Question 25

In the part of an embryo sac farthest away from the micropyle you should find ____.

A) the central cell
B) a seed
C) the pollen tube
D) synergids
E) antipodal cells

Question 26

Along with the egg, in the part of an embryo sac next to the micropyle you should find ____.

A) the central cell
B) a seed
C) the pollen tube
D) synergids
E) antipodal cells

Question 27

The micropyle is ____.

A) the mature male gametophyte
B) the inner seed coat
C) a small opening at one end of an ovule
D) a passageway through the style for sperm
E) the eight-cell stage of a plant embryo

Question 28

In flowering plants, how many sperm cells are typically produced from each microspore mother cell?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) eight

Question 29

The male reproductive whorl of a flower typically consists of one or more ____.

A) petals
B) carpels
C) stamens
D) receptacles
E) sepals

Question 30

Chemical cues that help guide a developing pollen tube toward an ovule are released by the ____.

A) antipodal cells
B) synergids
C) egg
D) central cell
E) sperm

Question 31

A plant species where each plant makes some flowers that are male and some that are female is called a ____ species and always has ____ flowers.

A) monoecious; complete
B) dioecious; imperfect
C) dioecious; complete
D) monoecious; imperfect
E) monoecious; perfect

Question 32

A flower with petals, sepals, and one carpel but no stamens is ____.

A) perfect and incomplete
B) imperfect and complete
C) imperfect and incomplete
D) perfect and complete
E) sterile

Question 33

A plant species where each plant can only make either male or female flowers is called a ____ species and always has ____ flowers.

A) monoecious; complete
B) dioecious; imperfect
C) dioecious; complete
D) monoecious; imperfect
E) monoecious; perfect

Question 34

In flowering plants, how many egg cells are typically produced from each megaspore mother cell?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) eight

Question 35

The female gametophyte in flowering plants is the ____.

A) ovary
B) seed
C) embryo sac
D) megasporocyte
E) ovule

Question 36

The parts of a flower most likely to have distinctive colors, patterning, and shapes for attracting pollinators are the ____.

A) petals
B) carpels
C) stamens
D) receptacles
E) sepals

Question 37

Which of the following occurs for the production of a pollen grain from a microspore mother cell?

A) mitosis only
B) mitosis, then meiosis
C) mitosis, then meiosis, then mitosis
D) meiosis only
E) meiosis, then mitosis

Question 38

The outermost whorl of a flower typically consists of one or more ____.

A) petals
B) carpels
C) stamens
D) receptacles
E) sepals

Question 39

When pollen from one species lands on the stigma of a flower from another species, the pollen tube typically ____.

A) does not develop
B) forms, but the sperm cannot penetrate the egg
C) forms and grows to the ovary, but then stops
D) forms, but the sperm are killed
E) forms and the egg is usually fertilized, but the embryo rarely grows

Question 40

A flower with petals, sepals, stamens, and one carpel is ____.

A) perfect and incomplete
B) imperfect and complete
C) imperfect and incomplete
D) perfect and complete
E) sterile

Question 41

Many fully differentiated plant cells are totipotent, meaning that they ____.

A) will grow roots if they touch the ground
B) will perform photosynthesis if exposed to sunlight
C) can fertilize an egg
D) have the potential to form a whole, fully functional plant
E) can undergo meiosis

Question 42

The fruit wall, or pericarp, develops from the ____.

A) ovary wall
B) petals
C) seed coat
D) endosperm
E) receptacle

Question 43

A fruit that develops from several ovaries in multiple flowers, such as a pineapple, is called a(n) ____.

A) aggregate fruit
B) accessory fruit
C) multiple fruit
D) simple fruit
E) compound fruit

Question 44

Growing useful mutants that develop from callus culture is called ____.

A) fragmentation
B) protoplast fusion
C) somaclonal selection
D) grafting
E) apomixes

Question 45

The growth of a new plant on the margin of a leaf that eventually falls to the ground and grows independently is an example of ____.

A) fragmentation
B) protoplast fusion
C) somaclonal selection
D) grafting
E) apomixes

Question 46

Joining a scion with useful fruit traits to a stock with useful root traits is called ____.

A) fragmentation
B) protoplast fusion
C) somaclonal selection
D) grafting
E) apomixes

Question 47

For a typical flowering plant, the first cell of the triploid (3 n ) endosperm is formed from ____.

A) one sperm fused with two antipodal cells
B) two sperm fused with the egg
C) one sperm fused with the synergid
D) one sperm fused with the endosperm mother cell
E) two sperm fused with a synergid

Question 48

The process of asexual reproduction where a diploid embryo develops from an unfertilized egg or from diploid cells in ovule tissue is called ____.

A) fragmentation
B) protoplast fusion
C) somaclonal selection
D) grafting
E) apomixes

Question 49

A(n) ____ provides nutrients in germinating seedlings of eudicots.

A) suspensor
B) epicotyl
C) hypocotyl
D) endosperm
E) cotyledon

Question 50

Unique to flowering plants, the making of an embryo-nourishing ____ is an outcome of double fertilization.

A) hypocotyl
B) endosperm
C) seed coat
D) cotyledon
E) epicotyl

Question 51

Which process is not a method of asexual reproduction?

A) production of new plants at nodes along stolons in strawberries
B) humans growing trees from cuttings
C) production of new plants at nodes along underground rhizomes in Bermuda grass
D) buds from an underground stem of an onion
E) self-fertilization

Question 52

Which of the following it the most typical order of events in seed germination?

A) shoot cells divide and elongate ® root cells divide and elongate ® seed coat splits ® water imbibition
B) water imbibition ® seed coat splits ® root cells divide and elongate ® shoot cells divide and elongate
C) water imbibition ® root cells divide and elongate ® seed coat splits ® shoot cells divide and elongate
D) seed coat splits ® water imbibition ® root cells divide and elongate ® shoot cells divide and elongate
E) seed coat splits ® water imbibition ® shoot cells divide and elongate ® root cells divide and elongate

Question 53

A fruit that develops from several ovaries in a single flower, such as a raspberry, is called a(n) ____.

A) aggregate fruit
B) accessory fruit
C) multiple fruit
D) simple fruit
E) compound fruit

Question 54

The onset of the growth of a plant embryo, termed ____, starts when the seed begins to soak up water.

A) imbibition
B) hatching
C) splitting
D) germination
E) gestation

Question 55

The Bartlett pear and McIntosh apples are example of commercially important fruits that come from plants produced by ____.

A) fragmentation
B) tissue culture
C) somaclonal selection
D) grafting
E) apomixes

Question 56

Why do most plants produce large numbers of seeds?

A) Most seeds are not viable.
B) Most of a plant's seeds are produced as food for animals that disperse the seed.
C) Most plants have many flowers.
D) Most plants only flower once
E) Few seeds survive, germinate and grow into mature individuals.

Question 57

The embryonic root, which is where the pollen tube enters the ovule prior to fertilization, is called the ____.

A) suspensor
B) epicotyl
C) hypocotyl
D) endosperm
E) cotyledon

Question 58

A fruit, such as a strawberry, that develops from tissues of the receptacle as well as the ovary would be considered a(n) ____.

A) aggregate fruit
B) accessory fruit
C) multiple fruit
D) simple fruit
E) compound fruit

Question 59

Fleshy fruits, such as blueberries, usually aid seed dispersal by ____.

A) catching in the hair or feathers of animals
B) being buried by animals
C) falling directly under the parent plant
D) floating away from the parent plant
E) being eaten by animals

Question 60

A fruit that develops from a single ovary, such as a peach, in a single flower is called a(n) _____.

A) aggregate fruit
B) accessory fruit
C) multiple fruit
D) simple fruit
E) compound fruit

Question 62

Which of the following is an unusual event that occurs as trichomes differentiate?

A) DNA replication
B) endoduplication
C) cell expansion
D) mitosis
E) regulation of the cell cycle

Question 63

How is pollen tube elongation facilitated?

A) Pollen tube growth relies on chemical signals released by the pollen grain.
B) Pollen tube elongation will occur as long as the pistil provides moisture and energy.
C) Chemical cues from female tissues help guide pollen tube growth, but the identity of these chemicals is not known.
D) All the details of the chemical interactions between the pollen tube and pistil tissue have been elucidated and are well-described.
E) Pollen tube elongation occurs only in the absence of chemical cues from the female tissues.

Question 64

In Arabidopsis the gene TRIPTYCHON is involved in determining ____.

A) how closely trichomes will develop to each other
B) whether or not trichomes are formed
C) which side of a leaf will have trichomes
D) the number of branches of a trichome
E) cell division within trichomes

Question 66

Approximately ____ genes have been identified in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana .

A) 5,400
B) 28,000
C) 67,000
D) 120,000
E) 3,200,000

Question 67

The first complete plant genome to be sequenced was that of ____.

A) Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean)
B) Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
C) Zea mays (corn)
D) Capsella burse-pastoris (shepherd's purse)
E) Oryza sativa (rice)

Question 68

Describe several ways that fruits can aid seed dispersal.

Question 69

In plants, but not animals, each daughter cell differentiates and becomes specialized for its particular function.

Question 70

The oldest cells in a mature leaf are found ____.

A) at the base of the leaf
B) near the very center of the leaf
C) at the stomata
D) at the leaf tip
E) as files of cells at the widest point of the leaf

Question 71

Studies have shown that in the flowering plant Arabidopsis the root-shoot axis is established ____.

A) by the first cell division of the embryo
B) within hours after the seed germinates
C) during the torpedo stage of embryonic development
D) shortly after the eight-cell embryo stage
E) by plant tissues breaking through the seed coat and making contact with soil

Question 72

Plant cells have a ridged cell wall. How do plant cells expand, and how important is cell expansion to plant growth?

Question 73

Vegetative reproduction is rare in nature.

Question 74

The direction of expansion for a plant cell is determined primarily by ____.

A) location of the cell plate
B) the direction of cell division
C) the direction to the nearest meristem
D) orientation of cellulose microfibrils
E) gravity

Question 75

Almost immediately after a young leaf primordium first begins to bulge out ____.

A) undifferentiated vascular tissues that will later become xylem and phloem penetrate it
B) small xylem vessels penetrate it first, followed soon after by phloem
C) small phloem vessels penetrate it first, followed soon after by xylem
D) small xylem and phloem vessels penetrate it together
E) specialized vascular tissue cells penetrate and soon differentiate into phloem or xylem vessels

Question 76

Studies have shown that in the flowering plant Arabidopsis the development of parts of a flower is governed by ____.

A) differential uptake of hormone signals from the leaves
B) the oxygen gradient from outside to inside of the closed flower
C) differentiation of cell types as they are formed from the apical meristem
D) the timing of cell division
E) the expression patterns of several floral organ homeotic genes

Question 77

Once a pollen tube lands on a compatible stigma ____.

A) chemical cues guide the pollen tube from the stigma to the embryo sac of an ovule
B) that pollen tube continues on to another ovule
C) other pollen tubes are attracted to that ovule
D) other pollen tubes can penetrate that ovule more easily
E) the flower dies to prevent further pollination

Question 78

Studies have shown that in the flowering plant Arabidopsis whether or not a root epidermal cell develops a root hair is determined ____.

A) by the distance of the cell from the root tip
B) from the timing of cell division
C) by positional information from cells of the root cortex
D) shortly after the eight-cell embryo stage
E) by the direction of cell division

Question 79

Describe the process of how four different embryo sac cells become differentiated.

Question 80

A flower develops from the end of the floral shoot, called the receptacle.