Deck 28: Plant Reproduction and Development

Question 1

To which of the following is a megaspore most closely and completely related?

A)female gametophyte
B)seed
C)ovule
D)egg
E)endosperm

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In a flowering plant life cycle, which of the following structures are diploid?

A)megaspores
B)male gametophytes
C)eggs
D)sporophytes
E)sperm cells

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The place where pollination occurs is the ____.

A)stigma
B)microspore
C)anther
D)receptacle
E)style

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Why is fertilization in flowering plants called double fertilization?

A)it takes two pollen grains to fertilize a single ovule
B)two ovules must be fertilized to form a single seed
C)two cells in the ovule are fertilized, the egg and the endosperm mother cell
D)one pollen grain fertilizes two ovules
E)it takes the efforts of two flowers (male and female)to produce seeds

Question 5

A flower's parts are modified leaves that develop from a thickened region of stem called a ____.

A)style
B)receptacle
C)stigma
D)filament
E)calyx

Question 6

The zygote produced during double fertilization is ____.

A)diploid
B)tetraploid
C)polyploid
D)triploid
E)haploid

Question 7

The outer ring of leaflike sepals that serves to protect the more delicate parts of a flower is referred to as the ____.

A)carpel
B)stamen
C)corolla
D)calyx
E)ovule

Question 8

The endosperm produced during double fertilization is ____.

A)diploid
B)tetraploid
C)polyploid
D)triploid
E)haploid

Question 9

From the outside of a flower to the inside, which of the following is the correct order of structures?

A)calyx>corolla>stamen>carpel
B)corolla>calyx>stamen>carpel
C)calyx>corolla>carpel>stamen
D)corolla>calyx>carpel>stamen
E)calyx>carpel>corolla>stamen

Question 10

In a typical eudicot seed, most of the nutrients are stored in ____.

A)the seed coat
B)endosperm
C)cotyledons
D)coleoptiles
E)hypocotyls

Question 11

Which of the following do researchers suspect is an important factor in colony collapse disorder (CCD?)

A)Habitat fragmentation caused by land development inhibits a bee's chance of finding a reproductive partner.
B)Long-term exposure to low levels of insecticides impair a plant's ability to produce nectar that a bee can use.
C)Exposure to extremely high levels of herbicides can kill an entire population of plants and the bees that depend on them.
D)Herbicides kill the plants that bees pollinate thereby eliminating the source of nectar for a bee.
E)Long-term exposure to low levels of insecticides impair a bee's ability to navigate and communicate.

Question 12

A sticky structure adapted to receive pollen is a(n)____.

A)style
B)stigma
C)anther
D)filament
E)corolla

Question 13

Megaspores produce ____.

A)female gametophytes
B)pollen grains
C)sporophytes
D)male gametophytes
E)diploid tissue

Question 14

Why is colony collapse disorder (CCD)a problem for all of us?

A)the pathogen responsible for CCD can infect multiple hosts
B)the decline in honey production could cause our economy to collapse
C)bees are essential as key pollinators of our agricultural crops
D)actually, it's not-- there are other pollinators that can take over for the bees
E)bees could spread this disease to humans through their honey

Question 15

In the life cycle of a flowering plant, the ___.

A)sporophyte is dominant
B)gametophyte is dominant
C)sporophyte initially is dominant and then the gametophyte becomes dominant
D)gametophyte is initially dominant and then the sporophyte becomes dominant
E)gametophyte and sporophyte are codominant

Question 16

The female gametophyte of a flower develops within a(n)____.

A)stigma
B)anther
C)calyx
D)corolla
E)ovule

Question 17

The male part of a flower is the ____.

A)carpel
B)stamen
C)petal
D)sepal
E)receptacle

Question 18

The corolla is made up of ____.

A)sepals
B)petals
C)carpels
D)stamens
E)anthers

Question 19

The structure at the tip of a stamen that contains pollen sacs is called the ____.

A)filament
B)carpel
C)anther
D)receptacle
E)stigma

Question 20

The evolution of flowers and insects is an example of ____.

A)parallel evolution
B)homologous species
C)coevolved species
D)convergent evolution
E)divergent evolution

Question 21

Dry outgrowths of the ovary wall of a maple fruit form "wings" allowing these fruits to be dispersed by ____.

A)mammals
B)insects
C)water
D)gravity
E)wind

Question 22

Which of the following is an aggregate fruit?

A)peas
B)acorns
C)pineapples
D)strawberries
E)cherries

Question 23

In a eudicot seed, which structure emerges first?

A)embryonic shoot
B)embryonic root
C)coleoptile
D)cotyledons
E)hypocotyl

Question 24

In a eudicot, what is the fate of the cotyledons?

A)they shrivel up and fall off the seedling
B)they become the primary leaves
C)they are incorporated into the stem
D)they stay in the seed and never emerge
E)they become the embryonic root

Question 25

Grapes, tomatoes, citrus fruits, pumpkins, watermelons, and cucumbers are all considered ____.

A)aggregate fruits
B)dry fruits
C)multiple fruits
D)berries
E)pomes

Question 26

A fruit is a mature ____ that contains seeds.

A)egg
B)ovule
C)megaspore
D)endosperm
E)ovary

Question 27

What is the first step in seed germination?

A)emergence of the embryonic root
B)diffusion of water into the seed
C)hydrolysis of starch
D)meristem cells divide rapidly
E)cotyledons emerge from the seed

Question 28

Which of the following structures is unique to a monocot seed?

A)seed coat
B)endosperm
C)cotyledon
D)coleoptile
E)hypocotyl

Question 29

In monocots cultivated for human consumption, such as wheat, rye, and barley, what part of the seed contains most of the minerals and fiber?

A)cotyledon
B)endosperm
C)embryo
D)seed coat
E)coleoptile

Question 30

Which of the following develops into a seed?

A)megaspore
B)ovary
C)egg
D)ovule
E)anther

Question 31

Most of an apple fruit is derived from the ____.

A)receptacle
B)ovary
C)ovule
D)endosperm
E)cotyledons

Question 32

In a monocot seed, what is the fate of the coleoptile?

A)it becomes the stem
B)it becomes the root
C)it stops growing
D)it becomes the cotyledon
E)it becomes the hypocotyl

Question 33

What kind of fruit is formed from fused ovaries of several individually pollinated flowers?

A)aggregate
B)simple
C)multiple
D)accessory
E)berries

Question 34

As a plant embryo develops, it receives nutrients from ____.

A)the parent plant
B)endosperm
C)the cotyledons
D)the megaspore mother cell
E)the style

Question 35

The term used to describe the cloning of an entire plant from a single cell is ____.

A)sexual meiosis
B)tissue culture propagation
C)reduced integration
D)germination mitosis
E)phototropism

Question 36

In monocots, endosperm ____.

A)consists mainly of glucose and water
B)is consumed by the embryo as the seed develops
C)is transferred to the cotyledons
D)is largely unused as the seed develops
E)matures into a fruit

Question 37

When monocots, such as rice and oats, are cultivated and milled by humans, what part of the seed remains for consumption?

A)endosperm
B)bran
C)seed coat
D)embryo
E)cotyledon

Question 38

Almost all houseplants, woody ornamentals, and orchard trees are clones grown from ____of a parent plant.

A)root fragments
B)stem fragments
C)leaves
D)pollinated flowers
E)seeds

Question 39

The embryonic shoot and root are separated by a tiny section of embryonic stem, called the ____.

A)plumule
B)hypocotyl
C)radicle
D)cotyledon
E)coleoptile

Question 40

Quaking aspen trees reproduce vegetatively by ____.

A)suckers
B)corms
C)bulbs
D)tubers
E)rhizomes

Question 41

Which of the following chemicals is used to induce polyploidy?

A)colchicine
B)ethylene
C)gibberellin
D)cytokinin
E)auxin

Question 42

What is the principal substance that mediates phototropism in stems?

A)auxin
B)gibberellin
C)abscisic acid
D)ethylene
E)cytokinin

Question 43

In contrast to most other plant hormones, which hormone is a germination inhibitor?

A)auxin
B)gibberellin
C)cytokinin
D)abscisic acid
E)ethylene

Question 44

On a hot, dry day a plant closes its stomata thereby conserving water. Which plant hormone is responsible for the closing of the stomata?

A)auxin
B)gibberellin
C)ethylene
D)cytokinin
E)abscisic acid

Question 45

What plant hormone has a central role in apical dominance?

A)auxin
B)ethylene
C)gibberellin
D)phytoestrogens
E)abscisic acid

Question 46

Bananas are propagated by ____.

A)grafting
B)adventitious roots
C)tissue culture
D)treating banana tissues with colchicine
E)planting seeds

Question 47

The binding of a plant hormone to its receptor typically induces ____.

A)an increase in membrane permeability
B)an enzyme-substrate cascade
C)an inhibition of protein synthesis
D)a change in gene expression
E)increased DNA replication activity

Question 48

How many varieties of apples account for 90% of the apples sold in U.S. grocery stores today?

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)50
E)150

Question 49

The plant hormone that coordinates the effects of other plant hormones during development of shoots and roots is ____.

A)auxin
B)gibberellin
C)cytokinin
D)abscisic acid
E)ethylene

Question 50

The plant louse Phylloxera was responsible for destroying ____ in Europe.

A)orange groves
B)orchards
C)potato fields
D)vineyards
E)corn crops

Question 51

Phytoestrogens in plants ____.

A)increase the production of megaspores
B)function in the production of eggs
C)increase the speed at which pollen tubes reach the egg
D)aid in the nuclear fusion of egg and sperm
E)have nothing to do with plant reproduction

Question 52

Bananas are picked green, shipped to their destination, and then sprayed with an artificial plant hormone. Which plant hormone would be used for this purpose?

A)auxin
B)gibberellin
C)ethylene
D)cytokinin
E)abscisic acid

Question 53

Why are apple trees propagated asexually?

A)the process is much easier than growing them from seeds
B)it is the only way to grow the same reliable quality of apple
C)asexual propagation introduces genetic variation that makes the trees hardier
D)asexually propagated apple trees are more disease resistant
E)more than one of these is the reason why apple trees are asexually propagated

Question 54

The process of inducing a cutting from one plant to fuse with the tissues of another plant is called ____.

A)root sucker propagation
B)cloning
C)vegetative reproduction
D)tissue culture
E)grafting

Question 55

Gibberellin induces ____.

A)plants to bend toward the light
B)cell division in meristems
C)hydrolysis of starch in seeds
D)fruits to ripen
E)more than one of these to occur

Question 56

The apples from the apple trees Johnny Appleseed sold to homesteaders were mainly used to make ____.

A)pies
B)apple juice
C)hard cider
D)jam
E)sauce

Question 57

A house plant that has been placed in the window will grow toward the source of light because auxin ____.

A)becomes more concentrated on the illuminated side of the plant
B)becomes less concentrated on the illuminated side of the plant
C)becomes more concentrated in the roots of the plant
D)inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow faster
E)is produced only when the sun shines

Question 58

Approximately, how many varieties of edible apples existed in the days of Johnny Appleseed?

A)6
B)16
C)160
D)1600
E)16,000

Question 59

Of all the plant hormones, which one is a gas?

A)auxin
B)cytokinin
C)gibberellin
D)ethylene
E)abscisic acid

Question 60

Which of the following tropisms is the response to touch in plants?

A)gravitropism
B)phototropism
C)thigmotropism
D)mechanotropis
E)chemotropism

Question 61

The requirement of cold weather before a particular plant process occurs (e.g., flowering)is known as ____.

A)the biological clock
B)vernalization
C)photoperiodism
D)biennial life cycle
E)biorhythm

Question 62

In the tropisms with which it is involved, auxin causes ____.

A)rapid cell division
B)hardening of cell walls
C)cell elongation
D)increased plasma membrane permeability
E)increased protein synthesis

Question 65

In a phototropism, auxin moves to the ____ side of the stem and causes cell ____.

A)shade; elongation
B)sun; elongation
C)sun; division
D)shade; division
E)shade; shrinkage

Question 67

Phytochrome is converted from the inactive to the active form by being exposed to light of what color?

A)far red
B)red
C)yellow
D)white
E)blue

Question 68

Seasonal abscission of fruits and leaves is mediated by ____.

A)abscisic acid
B)ethylene
C)gibberellin
D)auxin
E)cytokinin

Question 70

In phototropism, shoots respond to ____ light.

A)red
B)green
C)yellow
D)blue
E)ultra-violet

Question 71

Hooker's evening primrose keeps its flowers closed until the early evening when they open. This is an example of ____.

A)phototropism
B)vernalization
C)a circadian rhythm
D)photoperiodism
E)apical dominance

Question 72

Phytochrome is the pigment responsible for ____.

A)thigmotropism
B)phototropism
C)gravitropism
D)photoperiodism
E)heliotropism

Question 74

Photoperiodism is the ____.

A)duration of flowering in a plant
B)amount of light needed by a plant to exhibit normal growth
C)biological response of a plant to a change in the length of daylight relative to darkness
D)light phase of photosynthesize during which photolysis of water occurs
E)time of the day when light shines with the most intensity

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of thigmotropism?

A)vines bending around a pole as they grow up it
B)seedlings bending towards the light
C)roots growing down into the soil
D)a shoot on its side turning to grow upwards
E)leaves bend toward the sunlight

Question 76

If peach trees growing in specific mild climates of the southern United States do not receive about 850 hours of temperatures below 40 degrees, they will not produce flowers in the spring. This is explained by which of the following terms?

A)photoperiodism
B)phototropism
C)senescence
D)vernalization
E)dormancy

Question 79

The compounds involved in phototropism are ____.

A)phototropins
B)gibberellins
C)cytokinins
D)phytoestrogens
E)statoliths