Deck 6: The Aware Mind Elements of Consciousness

Question 1

Who is most likely to suffer the biggest disruption to his or her circadian rhythm?

A) Dale, who travels from Connecticut to Oregon for a business meeting
B) Pawan, who travels from California to New York to visit his new grandson
C) Miranda, who travels from Maine to Florida for a family vacation
D) Carlos, who travels from Arizona to Montana for a job interview

Answer 1

Pawan, who travels from California to New York to visit his new grandson

Question 2

College roommates Mario and Luis decide to start a landscaping business over the summer. When they meet up at 5:00 a.m. one morning to work, Mario is full of energy and begins to move heavy equipment right away while Luis is sluggish and unable to focus. What aspect of consciousness describes the different mental states of Mario and Luis?

A) Preconscious awareness
B) State of awareness
C) Stream of consciousness
D) Content of awareness

Answer 2

State of awareness

Question 3

From an evolutionary perspective, why is the conscious awareness of ongoing sensations advantageous for animals?

A) It enables animals to have a sense of mortality and a strong will to pass on their genes.
B) It facilitates the development of complex motor and sensory control.
C) It allows animals to respond instinctively to oncoming threats.
D) It provides the opportunity to choose responses rather than to respond instinctively.

Answer 3

It provides the opportunity to choose responses rather than to respond instinctively.

Question 4

The existence of varying states of awareness benefits animals by facilitating

A) reproduction and immune function.
B) reproduction and energy conservation.
C) body repair and immune function.
D) body repair and energy conservation.

Question 5

Jonah and Eli are having a conversation about how the brain works. Jonah maintains that the brain must be much more active when a person is focused and attending to a problem, while Eli points out that the brain operates with the same activity no matter how focused a person is. Who is right?

A) Neither is right, because the brain exhibits about 5% more activity when a person is focused compared to when they are unfocused.
B) Jonah is right, as the brain shows between an 80% and 85% increase in activity when a person is focused compared to when they are unfocused.
C) Eli is right, because the brain activity level does not change at all when a person's focus level changes.
D) Neither is right, because the brain actually exhibits 10 to 15% less activity when a person is focused compared to when they are unfocused.

Question 6

From an evolutionary perspective, why is self-awareness advantageous for animals?

A) It is correlated with heightened meaningfulness of self-preservation.
B) It facilitates the development of complex motor and sensory control.
C) It allows animals to respond instinctively to oncoming threats.
D) It provides the opportunity to choose responses rather than to respond instinctively.

Question 7

Some researchers restrict the possibility of self-aware consciousness to species that

A) show strong individualism.
B) demonstrate cognitive complexity.
C) exhibit complex social behavior.
D) are at the top of the food chain.

Question 8

Kendyl is born with a congenital disorder that prevents her eyes from sensing light; her fraternal twin brother Gabe is born with normal vision. Compared to Gabe, Kendyl will likely have

A) no circadian cycle.
B) a shorter circadian cycle.
C) a longer circadian cycle.
D) the same circadian cycle.

Question 9

Samantha learns that after suffering a traumatic brain injury, her brother Tobias has significant injury to his thalamus. What can we anticipate will be the impact on Tobias in the future?

A) Tobias will not be able to speak but will understand what is being said to him.
B) Tobias will be conscious but is likely to have long-term memory loss.
C) Tobias will most likely suffer from irreversible brain death.
D) Tobias will likely make a full recovery but will have problems with impulse control.

Question 10

Activity in the _____ of the brain corresponds to mind wandering, thinking about the self, and preparing for conscious thought.

A) behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
B) reticular activating system (RAS)
C) prefrontal cortex (PFC)
D) default mode network (DMN)

Question 11

Which of the following individuals is likely to have a longer-than-usual circadian rhythm?

A) Nava, who needs to get up every morning at 6:30 a.m., just before sunrise, to teach classes that begin at 8:00 a.m.
B) Danny, who has worked on a submarine far below the surface of the water for the last 3 months.
C) Jenna, who works a 9-to-5 shift most days but is occasionally asked to work an overnight shift.
D) Ira, who spends most of his days working inside the "Bird House" at his city's local zoo.

Question 12

Consciousness requires complex interactions between the cerebral cortex and the

A) amygdala.
B) thalamus.
C) midbrain.
D) hippocampus.

Question 13

Tasha runs a daycare center. She places birthday hats on a group of children to celebrate 1-year-old Chantal's birthday. Tasha notices that when Chantal passes by a mirror she grabs for the hat by reaching for the mirror instead of reaching for her own head. Tasha picks up the baby and helps her find her hat. What aspect of consciousness has Chantal not yet reached?

A) Awareness of sensation
B) Reflective awareness
C) Self-awareness
D) Meta-cognition

Question 14

George's wife, Angie, is unhappy that her husband's new shift as a security guard is from 11:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. She complains to her husband that since he started his new job, he has been having health, personality, mood, and interpersonal problems. What condition might George have?

A) Circadian abnormality disorder
B) Dysfunctional cycle condition
C) Rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder
D) Shift maladaptation syndrome

Question 15

Dr. Sanchez is a behavioral psychologist who studies learning and memory in rats. Because rats are most active at night, she asks the animal resource facility to reverse their light-dark cycle to accommodate her experiments. However, the animal facility is reluctant to disrupt the rats' current _____, which lasts for "about a day."

A) circadian rhythm
B) cerebrodynamic cycle
C) chronometric temperance
D) contrast arousal

Question 16

Internal biological clocks interact with external stimuli, referred to by the

A) Dutch term maalgeven.
B) Italian term lezionadare.
C) French term temps-donner.
D) German term zeitgebers.

Question 17

What is the relationship between the brain, the mind, and consciousness?

A) They are equal and interdependent entities.
B) They function as mutually exclusive entities.
C) Like nested Russian dolls the brain is the outside doll, the mind is the middle doll, and the innermost doll is consciousness .
D) The brain falls under the umbrella of the mind; the mind falls under the umbrella of consciousness.

Question 18

Jess is fast asleep. Her roommate, Crystal, is studying in the next room when their cat knocks a lamp off the bookshelf. Crystal jumps up from her desk, but Jess remains asleep. What brain structure is responsible for raising or lowering the thresholds of conscious awareness such that Crystal reacts to the stimulus while Jess does not?

A) The reticular formation
B) The substantia nigra
C) The medial parietal cortex
D) The corpus callosum

Question 19

Corrina finds a quiet cubicle at the library and prepares for a long night of studying. While she studies, she is also aware of the conversation taking place at the next table. What aspect of consciousness describes Corrina's awareness of both her textbook material and the other conversation?

A) Preconscious awareness
B) State of awareness
C) Stream of consciousness
D) Content of awareness

Question 20

The Student Union is holding its weekly Friday night "De-stress 'til Dawn" mixer. Brandon is hungry, Shelby is tired, and Tina feels cold. Which brain structure controls the internal biological clocks responsible for regulating these processes?

A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Hypothalamus
D) Cingulate cortex

Question 21

Approximately an hour after falling asleep, Daisy's roommate repeatedly shakes her shoulder and asks Daisy to move her car out of the driveway. Daisy takes several minutes to respond to her roommate and then opens the refrigerator to find her car keys. Daisy was most likely in

A) stage 1 N-REM.
B) stage 2 N-REM.
C) stage 3 or 4 N-REM.
D) REM sleep.

Question 22

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner. She gently touches his shoulder and says, "Derek, wake-up; the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds, "Patti, I am awake!" What type of brain waveforms did Derek display right before being awakened?

A) Delta waves
B) Theta waves
C) Beta waves
D) Alpha waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

Question 23

Mina is seeing a therapist for depression. After several sessions, Mina's therapist recommends that she undergo light therapy and take antidepressant medication. Mina likely suffers from which disorder?

A) Neurasthenia
B) Somatization disorder
C) Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 24

Why is it inaccurate to say that daydreaming is a "total waste of time"?

A) Because synaptic pruning, which is essential to the overall health of the brain, occurs at higher rates during moments of daydreaming
B) Because daydreaming gives our brain an opportunity to capture more of the essential REM waves needed for repair and growth
C) Because we often think about past experiences and plan our future when the DMN is active during daydreaming
D) Because daydreaming gives the brain an opportunity to replenish its supply of spent neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and serotonin

Question 25

Approximately an hour after falling asleep, Daisy's roommate repeatedly shakes her shoulder and asks Daisy to move her car out of the driveway. Daisy takes several minutes to respond to her roommate and then opens the refrigerator to find her keys. What type of brain waveforms did Daisy display right before being awakened?

A) Delta waves
B) Theta waves
C) Beta waves
D) Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

Question 26

Azul studies for her upcoming molecular biology midterm. She starts by making an outline of her textbook chapters and then begins studying her lecture notes. Azul's brain is likely to show _____ wave activity.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) delta
D) theta

Question 27

Gamma waves accompany the processing of sensory input, particularly

A) vestibular stimuli.
B) olfactory stimuli.
C) auditory stimuli.
D) visual stimuli.

Question 28

What is the evidence to suggest that abrupt changes to one's daily schedule are detrimental to human behavior?

A) Switching from a day to night shift positively correlates with psychotic episodes.
B) Changing over to daylight savings time correlates with increased automobile accidents.
C) Divorce rates are higher in people who travel frequently to different time zones.
D) Murder rates typically increase during severe bouts of inclement weather.

Question 29

After a grueling day of classes, Edith returns to her apartment and plops down in a comfortable recliner; she closes her eyes and immediately begins to relax. Edith's brain is likely to show an increase in _____ wave activity.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) delta
D) theta

Question 30

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner. She gently touches his shoulder and says, "Derek, wake-up; the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds, "Patti, I am awake!" Derek was most likely in

A) stage 1 N-REM.
B) stage 2 N-REM.
C) stage 3 or 4 N-REM.
D) REM sleep.

Question 31

Artificial lighting affects sleep by breaking down

A) epinephrine.
B) collagen.
C) keratin.
D) melatonin.

Question 32

A shift in one's circadian rhythm during adolescence, which leads to peak alertness at night, is thought to correlate with

A) a surge in the production of sex hormones.
B) a burst in brain development.
C) heightened individualistic ideals.
D) metabolic reorganization.

Question 33

Recent research focusing on morning people (larks) and night people (owls) suggests that

A) being an owl is actually evolutionary adaptive, as people get more work done when they are safely in their homes at night.
B) one can easily "retrain their bodies to shift to a different pattern."
C) being a lark or an owl may be due to genetic influence.
D) there are significant hypothalamus differences between larks and owls.

Question 34

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch. Fifteen minutes after falling asleep, Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on. He is, however, awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door. What type of brain waveforms did Duke display right before being awakened?

A) Delta waves
B) Theta waves
C) Beta waves
D) Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

Question 35

Varying states of awareness are best monitored using _____, which provides an overall measure of brain activity.

A) a CAT scan
B) magnetic resonance imaging
C) an electroencephalogram
D) positron emission tomography

Question 36

Tao wakes up his roommate Don so that he doesn't miss his morning classes again. Don tells Tao, "I wish you hadn't woken me up, I was about to land on Mars after winning a fierce battle against flying jellyfish." What type of brain waveforms did Don display right before being awakened?

A) Delta wave
B) Theta wave
C) Beta wave
D) Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complex activity

Question 37

Tao wakes up his roommate Don so that he doesn't miss his morning classes again. Don tells Tao, "I wish you hadn't woken me up, I was about to land on Mars after winning a fierce battle against flying jellyfish." Don was most likely in

A) stage 1 N-REM.
B) stage 2 N-REM.
C) stage 3 or 4 N-REM.
D) REM sleep.

Question 38

Our physiological state during REM sleep consists of

A) slow and relaxed heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing; and twitching of major postural muscles.
B) rapid or irregular heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing; and twitching of major postural muscles.
C) slow and relaxed heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing; and paralysis of major postural muscles.
D) rapid or irregular heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing; and paralysis of major postural muscles.

Question 39

While eating her morning bowl of cereal, Kalinda daydreams about what she would do if she won the upcoming lottery drawing. Which cortical areas of Kalinda's brain are likely to be activated?

A) The DMN
B) Frontoparietal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex
C) Anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D) Retrosplenial cortex and posterior parietal cortex

Question 40

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch. Fifteen minutes after falling asleep, Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on. He is, however, awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door. Duke is most likely in

A) stage 1 N-REM.
B) stage 2 N-REM.
C) stage 3 or 4 N-REM.
D) REM sleep.

Question 41

Vanessa crams for her anatomy and physiology final by staying up the entire night before the exam. What is a likely consequence of Vanessa's actions?

A) Vanessa will experience a brief surge of energy during the test followed by a prolonged "crash" phase.
B) Vanessa will need to rest her eyes periodically during the exam or risk temporary vision impairment.
C) Vanessa will likely perform significantly below her fullest potential because she decreased her capacity to remember the material.
D) Vanessa will need to have at least two nights of normal sleep before experiencing normal mental functioning.

Question 42

Aurora talks to her therapist about a recurring dream in which she encounters a ferocious lion that has just escaped from the local zoo. She works with her therapist to learn how to form a conscious awareness of the dream and to control the dream by turning the lion into a kitten. What technique is Aurora utilizing?

A) Lucid dreaming
B) Autonomous dreaming
C) Directive dreaming
D) Cogent dreaming

Question 43

Dora has no problem falling asleep each night, but she wakes up frequently in the middle of the night and often cannot fall back asleep. From what type of insomnia does Dora suffer?

A) Maintenance insomnia
B) Duration insomnia
C) Continuance insomnia
D) Interval insomnia

Question 44

Which disorder is correlated with individuals spending a greater portion of their sleeping time in REM?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Depression
C) Obsessive compulsive disorder
D) Autism spectrum disorder

Question 45

Why is it thought that the human infant spends about half of its sleep time in REM?

A) To provide an adequate energy supply for organ maturation
B) To provide the stimulation necessary to facilitate brain "wiring"
C) To reinforce behaviors or skills observed during wakefulness
D) To reduce the stimulation that otherwise interferes with brain network pruning

Question 46

Darius suffers from insomnia; his family practitioner prescribes zolpidem to treat this insomnia. What can Darius expect from the medication?

A) He can expect to fall asleep 15 minutes faster and stay asleep 30 minutes longer
B) He can expect to fall asleep 30 minutes faster and stay asleep 45 minutes longer
C) He can expect to fall asleep 45 minutes faster and stay asleep 60 minutes longer
D) He can expect to fall asleep 60 minutes faster and stay asleep 75 minutes longer

Question 47

Maria dreams that she is standing in the middle of the street as a bus travels toward her, but she feels frozen and cannot move out of the way. According to which theory, does Maria's inability to move reflect the muscle paralysis that occurs during the REM state?

A) Static-depiction theory
B) Instinctive-representation theory
C) Real-time paralysis theory
D) Activation-synthesis theory

Question 48

What is the physiological basis for night terrors?

A) Sleep spindles and K-complexes do not form during Stage 4 N-REM sleep.
B) Dreaming begins in N-REM stages rather than in the REM state.
C) Hyperstimulation of beta waves occurs during the REM state.
D) The transition from Stage 4 N-REM sleep upward into REM goes awry.

Question 49

One hypothesized mechanism by which antidepressant medications help to regulate mood is the suppression of _____ sleep.

A) N-REM stage 1
B) N-REM stage 2
C) N-REM stage 3
D) REM

Question 50

The part of the brain that has been found to be most active during lucid dreaming is the _____, which suggests that such dreams occur when this brain area just "wakes up" during sleep.

A) bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
B) the substantia nigra
C) ventromedial superior colliculus
D) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 51

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of a night terror?

A) Santosh dreams that a serial killer stands over his bed with a machete in his hand; Santosh is certain that he faces imminent death.
B) Gita, who suffers from sleep apnea, dreams that she is sinking to the bottom of a lake and wakes up gasping for air.
C) Suraj demonstrates acute distress even though he is asleep. When his roommate wakes him up, he is confused and does not remember being so upset.
D) Tabu has recurring nightmares in which her brother is trapped in a sinking car; because of this she worries obsessively about her brother's safety.

Question 52

New mom Lin was up most of the night with her infant daughter. To give Lin a chance to sleep, her husband takes the baby to his parents' house for a few hours. As soon as they leave, Lin falls fast asleep. What stage of sleep does Lin likely enter to compensate for her lack of sleep?

A) Stage 1 N-REM
B) Stage 2 N-REM
C) Stage 3 or 4 N-REM
D) REM sleep

Question 53

Study participants who were selectively deprived of stages 3 and 4 N-REM sleep reported

A) muscle and joint pain.
B) blurred vision.
C) headache and nausea.
D) sore throat and itchy eyes.

Question 54

What is a typical REM and N-REM cycling in humans?

A) First half of sleep: N-REM dominates; second half of sleep: REM dominates.
B) First half of sleep: REM dominates; second half of sleep: N-REM dominates.
C) First half of sleep: only N-REM occurs; second half of sleep: only REM occurs.
D) First half of sleep: only REM occurs; second half of sleep: only N-REM occurs.

Question 55

What is the evidence to suggest that sleep plays an important role in repairing the body?

A) Melatonin is manufactured during REM sleep.
B) Human growth hormone is released during Stages 3 and 4 of N-REM sleep.
C) Levels of the wound-healing chemical, prothrombin, are depleted during consciousness.
D) The immune cells phagocytes and lymphocytes mature during Stage 1 N-REM sleep.

Question 56

Aviva wakes up abruptly after she dreams she is falling from the sky. She is relieved to find herself safe and secure in her comfortable bed. What may have caused Aviva to feel as if she were falling?

A) Activation of the vestibular system
B) Hyperstimulation of the cerebellum
C) Surge in human growth hormone release
D) Increased K-complex formation

Question 57

Carlos stands in front of his Thursday night slam poetry group to recite his most recent work. He suddenly experiences temporary muscle paralysis but does not lose consciousness, a condition termed

A) dyspnea.
B) cataplexy.
C) ataxia.
D) narcolepsy.

Question 58

Consuela stands in front of her American History class to give a presentation. She suddenly loses consciousness and suffers a "sleep attack" referred to as

A) dyspnea.
B) cataplexy.
C) ataxia.
D) narcolepsy.

Question 59

Dan, startled by the sound of a loud thump in the middle of the night, catches a glimpse of his roommate Yi wandering around their dorm room. The next morning Dan asks about the loud thump and Yi replies, "I think I was asleep the entire night . . . but I have been known to sleepwalk from time to time." What stage of sleep was Yi likely experiencing while sleepwalking?

A) Stage 1 N-REM
B) Stage 2 N-REM
C) Stage 3 or 4 N-REM
D) REM sleep

Question 60

During REM sleep, specific brainstem neurons show reduced activity. What types of neurotransmitters are released by these neurons?

A) Serotonin and dopamine
B) Serotonin and norepinephrine
C) Glutamate and dopamine
D) Glutamate and norepinephrine

Question 61

Following a cardiac arrest, Teresa's father Ike is in a coma. Ike's doctor explains to Teresa that his brain activity shows

A) alpha and theta waves that are consistent with sleep.
B) alpha and theta waves that are distinct from a normal sleeping pattern.
C) only alpha waves that are consistent with sleep.
D) only alpha waves that are distinct from a normal sleeping pattern.

Question 62

What is the relationship between caffeine and Parkinson's disease?

A) It causes Parkinson's disease.
B) It positively correlates with Parkinson's disease.
C) It prevents one from acquiring Parkinson's disease.
D) It negatively correlates with Parkinson's disease.

Question 63

Natalia, who suffers from epilepsy, experiences a seizure in which she completely loses consciousness, stops breathing, and thrashes about uncontrollably. Natalia experienced which type of seizure?

A) Partial tonic-clonic
B) Partial myoclonic
C) Generalized tonic-clonic
D) Generalized myoclonic

Question 64

Undergraduate student Gabrielle is writing a research paper on the physiological effects of commonly used drugs, such as caffeine. As her well-informed friend, you tell Gabrielle that caffeine is known to

A) block dopamine uptake in the brain.
B) stimulate the ventral tegmental area in the brain.
C) interfere with adenosine-induced inhibition in the brain.
D) upregulate serotonin levels and receptors in the brain.

Question 65

Consider the following scenarios. Which person displays characteristic signs of a persistent vegetative state?

A) Brian is in a persistent state of unconsciousness; he cannot be awakened and does not respond to painful stimuli.
B) Sienna is learning to walk after her automobile accident; however, she still cannot communicate and suffers significant cognitive impairment.
C) Anil is in a coma; his mother is hopeful because he occasionally opens his eyes and sometimes even smiles or cries, but Anil's doctors tell her that these actions are random.
D) Muriel was in a deep coma; she now squeezes her mother's hand when she hears her voice, but she cannot yet open her eyes or speak.

Question 66

The major psychoactive chemical in marijuana is

A) tocotrienol.
B) tert-butylhydroquinone.
C) thiazolidinedione.
D) tetrahydrocannabinol.

Question 67

All of the following areas of the brain may play a large role in brain addiction EXCEPT

A) the basal ganglia.
B) the nucleus accumbens.
C) the insula.
D) the reticular formation.

Question 68

The neurological conditions prosopagnosia and Capgras syndrome, which affect aspects of facial recognition, have taught us that conscious experience

A) is an all-or-nothing phenomenon.
B) stems from the integration of several brain pathways.
C) evolved to ensure species continuation in humans and lower animals.
D) is a uniquely human attribute that is only approximated by some lower species.

Question 69

Patients with narcolepsy have damaged or missing cells in their

A) hippocampus, which overloads the brain with neurotransmitters.
B) amygdala, which disrupts any neuromodulators.
C) medulla, which deprives the brain of oxytocin.
D) hypothalamus, which disrupts production of orexin.

Question 70

What physiological response may be responsible for the phenomenon of a near-death experience characterized by out-of-body experiences, the perception of light at the end of a tunnel, and the state of calmness?

A) Deactivation of adrenal medullary pathways
B) Increased inhibition of action potentials in brainstem neurons
C) Activation of the nigrostriatal pathway
D) Release of chemicals to minimize cell loss in the brain

Question 71

The inhibition of which neurotransmitter contributes to the onset of seizure activity?

A) GABA
B) Glutamate
C) Dopamine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 72

When Gregg first started drinking alcohol, he needed only one or two beers to feel "buzzed"; now he needs at least four or five beers before he feels anything. What process describes Gregg's need for more alcohol before feeling its effects?

A) Drug resistance
B) Desensitization
C) Habituation
D) Tolerance

Question 73

Some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may include biological vulnerabilities in the function of which neurotransmitter?

A) Glutamate
B) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 74

Jason sleeps every night with a loud and somewhat disruptive machine that uses a mask to regulate airflow into his lungs. Which diagnosis might Jason have received?

A) Sleep apnea
B) Somnambulism
C) Narcolepsy
D) Insomnia

Question 75

Megan is contemplating trying lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at a party. As her friend, what warning would you give her?

A) It can cause symptoms of schizophrenia.
B) It can lead to major depressive episodes.
C) It can cause hallucinations (flashbacks) even after the drug has been discontinued.
D) It is strongly addictive and stopping the use of it causes strong withdrawal symptoms.

Question 76

Jordan typically has at least three cups of coffee throughout the day. She decides to cut her coffee habit "cold turkey," but experiences severe lethargy despite having a good night's sleep. Jordan is experiencing

A) the desensitization effect.
B) withdrawal symptoms.
C) recoil narcosis.
D) sensitization syndrome.

Question 77

Sam suffers from restless leg syndrome. From what other disorder is Sam likely to suffer?

A) Obsessive compulsive disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 78

Brain death is characterized by

A) a persistent vegetative state lasting longer than 18 months.
B) two flatline EEG recordings taken 24 hours apart.
C) a continuous comatose state lasting longer than 12 weeks.
D) EEG recordings void of beta waves for at least 48 hours.

Question 79

Regina wakes her husband in the middle of the night and tells him, "Where am I? This isn't our bedroom." After a visit to the emergency room, Regina learns that she likely suffered a partial seizure originating in her _____ lobe.

A) temporal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) frontal

Question 80

Sleep _____ is a sleep disorder in which the person stops breathing while asleep.

A) apnea
B) dystonia
C) ataxia
D) dyspepsia