Deck 12: Global Drug Policy

Question 1

_________________ refers to an absence of laws punishing people for using drugs, while drug trafficking remains a crime.

A) Legalization
B) Decriminalization
C) Harm reduction
D) All of these

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Drugs became a major political issue during the 1988 presidential campaign in part because of a __________ that asked the question "Should Drugs Be Made Legal?"

A) 60 Minutes newscast
B) Time Magazine article
C) Washington Post editorial
D) National Public Radio on-air debate

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When Connecticut changed its law to permit the purchase and possession of hypodermic needles without a prescription, the number of AIDS cases fell by _____ percent.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 40
D) 80

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Dutch drug policy led to an influx of heroin users from other countries - so-called_____________.

A) drug tourist
B) coffee shop owners
C) drug chasers
D) drug runners

Question 5

It was discovered that intravenous drug users who are also __________ do not get AIDS.

A) asthmatic
B) diabetic
C) pregnant
D) all of these

Question 6

__________ policy is based on the idea that drug use is a fact of life and needs to be discouraged in as practical a manner as possible.

A) Canadian
B) British
C) Dutch
D) Swiss

Question 7

Oregon has no law restricting the distribution of ____________________, but addicts frequently do not have the necessary funds to purchase them.

A) hypodermic needles
B) methadone
C) buprenorphine
D) dehydrocodeine

Question 8

The primary aim of Dutch drug policy is focused on ________________.

A) health protection
B) crime control
C) focus on harms
D) balancing costs and benefits

Question 9

_________ advocates the elimination of the policy of drug prohibition and the inauguration of a replacement policy of drug control and regulation.

A) DEAP
B) LEAP
C) SEAP
D) FEAP

Question 10

Deliberately engaging in dangerous pursuits can be explained by these activities causing release of potentially reinforcing neurotransmitters such as _________ or endorphins.

A) adrenaline
B) dopamine
C) neurons
D) glucagon

Question 11

____________ is a notable exception where it is not only illegal to be in possession of a controlled substance, but it is against the law to be under the influence of any illicit drug.

A) Canadian
B) Sweden
C) Dutch
D) Swiss

Question 12

Hard-core __________ heroin addicts receive their drugs from the government.

A) Canadian
B) British
C) Dutch
D) Swiss

Question 13

In a __________ effort to reduce the spread of AIDS among intravenous drug users, a service agency in Portland, OR became the first to distribute free needles to addicts.

A) 1970
B) 1978
C) 1980
D) 1988

Question 14

Nadelmann argues that most Americans would oppose making alcohol and tobacco illegal because _______________.

A) adult Americans have the right to choose what substances they will consume and what risks they will take
B) the economic costs of trying to coerce so many Americans into abstaining from those substances would be enormous
C) the social costs would be disastrous
D) All of these are correct

Question 15

The principle of harm reduction that evaluates impacts in comparison to some other, or no, intervention is ___________________.

A) humanistic values
B) pragmatism
C) focus on harms
D) balancing costs and benefits

Question 16

A policy of containment has been adopted by the __________________.

A) Canadian
B) British
C) Dutch
D) Swiss

Question 17

At the end of 2006, _________, which has one of the highest rates of HIV in the nation, became the last of the fifty states to approve legislation permitting needle-exchange programs.

A) New York
B) California
C) New Jersey
D) Georgia

Question 18

For those who accept the _____________ of addiction-that some people take heroin or cocaine to compensate for a physiological deficiency-legalization is a reasonable suggestion.

A) personalistic theory
B) autoimmune theory
C) crime control theory
D) disease theory

Question 19

Most of those who ingest psychoactive chemicals ___________________.

A) do not become dysfunctional
B) degenerate to chronic use
C) degenerate to compulsive use
D) degenerate to obsessive use

Question 20

The principle of harm reduction that accepts that some use of mind-altering substances is a common feature of human experience is ________________________.

A) humanistic values
B) pragmatism
C) focus on harms
D) balancing costs and benefits

Question 21

Steven Wisotsky argues that we have continuously focused on the _________ of substances who nonmedical use is subject to criminal sanctions.

A) positives
B) negatives
C) both a & b
D) neither a or b

Question 22

From 1979 to 1983, Amsterdam permitted ___________ where drugs could be consumed.

A) schools
B) restrooms
C) drug use rooms
D) public foyers

Question 23

If legalized, any person who is shown to be addicted to heroin could receive prescriptions for the drug. Who would determine how much heroin he/she should receive?

A) The user
B) Pharmacist
C) Dietitian
D) Physician

Question 24

_____________ has also been a problem in the Netherlands, although it is primarily used by polydrug users.

A) Heroin
B) Marijuana
C) Crack Cocaine
D) Ecstasy

Question 25

Harm reduction abandons abstinence as a realistic objective.

Question 26

In ________ there are no criminal penalties for possession of drugs for personal use as defined as up to a ten-day supply.

A) Portugal
B) Brazil
C) Netherlands
D) Zimbabwe

Question 27

Soldiers returning to the United States who used high-quality _________ while in Vietnam discontinued use when they were no longer confronted by the anxiety and depression of the war experience.

A) cocaine
B) marijuana
C) alcohol
D) heroin

Question 28

_______________ would enable the use of social controls that inhibit antisocial, albeit lawful, behavior.

A) Decriminalization
B) Harm reduction
C) Legalization
D) All of these

Question 29

In (the) _______________, from a policymaker's viewpoint, drugs are viewed as a social and health risk controlled by minimal measures or even ignored.

A) Canada
B) Netherlands
C) U.S.
D) Switzerland

Question 30

The Dutch distinguish between "soft" drugs such as marijuana and "hard" drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and ecstasy.

Question 31

Decriminalization refers to the absence of laws punishing people for using drugs.

Question 32

A pragmatic process of identifying, measuring, and assessing the relative importance of drug-related problems is which principle of harm reduction?

A) Pragmatism
B) Humanistic Values
C) Focus on Harms
D) Balancing Costs and Benefits

Question 33

Founded in 1993, the _______________ has been promoting public policing aimed at moving the country in the direction of European countries that have abandoned the "drug warrior" approach to drug use.

A) Harm Reduction Coalition
B) Harm Reduction Policy Summit
C) Harm Reduction Consortium
D) Harm Reduction Stakeholders Convention

Question 34

The harm reduction approach recognizes that while abstinence is desirable, it is not a ________ goal.

A) cost effective
B) realistic
C) desired
D) timely

Question 35

Cocaine, __________, and heroin freely available to adults could be used by youngsters as easily as cigarettes and alcohol are.

A) amphetamines
B) marijuana
C) MDMA
D) caffeine

Question 36

The cannabis policy debate "has often been represented as a forced choice between two positions: _______ and ________.

A) Crabs & Shrimp
B) Deer & Cattle
C) Doves & Hawks
D) Frogs & Snakes

Question 37

The majority of Australia's AIDS cases are intravenous drug users.

Question 38

In the Netherlands in 2012, in order to stop drug tourism, nonresidents were barred from buying marijuana.

Question 39

The drug user's decision to use drugs is accepted as fact within which principle of harm reduction?

A) Pragmatism
B) Humanistic Values
C) Focus on Harms
D) Balancing Costs and Benefits

Question 40

The drug policy in Switzerland is one of ______________

A) containment.
B) harm reduction.
C) decriminalization.
D) legalization.

Question 41

____________, where it is not only illegal to be in possession of a controlled substance, but it is against the law to be under the influence of any illicit drug, is an exception to the popularity of harm reduction in Europe.

Question 42

Explain the harm reduction model of response to drug abuse.

Question 43

To develop a policy that answers these serious concerns, we need to consider the ___________ of drug use.

Question 44

Among those who are strongly opposed to drug decriminalization, however, are many leaders of the _________________ community.

Question 45

Explain the difference between legalization and decriminalization.

Question 46

Explain how the belief in what causes crime shapes drug control policy.

Question 47

Although cocaine and methamphetamine use is a major problem, there are few calling for its legalization.

Question 48

A serious effort to deal logically with drugs in the United States would require greater efforts to reduce the ills of urban America.

Question 49

In Portugal all drugs have been legalized.

Question 50

Discuss the success or failure of the Netherlands drug policies.

Question 51

The harm reduction approach is popular throughout __________, where officials generally avoid the "drug warrior" approach.

Question 52

After extensive experimentation in numerous cities throughout the country, Canada has elected to abandon consideration of harm reduction programs.

Question 53

Discuss needle exchange programs in Europe.

Question 54

Brecher contends that most of the harmful aspects of heroin use are the result of its being __________.

Question 55

Needle-exchange opponents in the U.S., including law enforcement, political, religious, and drug treatment officials, contend that free needles __________ drug use.

Question 56

The harm-reduction principle of focus on harms suggests that the fact or extent of a person's drug use per se is of secondary importance to the risk of __________ consequent to use.

Question 57

There is a very high correlation between urban poverty and heroin and cocaine use.

Question 58

Views on drug policy are conditioned on the particular _________that one adopts.

Question 59

The harm-reduction principle of _____________ suggests that acknowledges that while carrying risks, drug use also provides the user with benefits that must be taken into account if drug-using behavior is to be understood.

Question 60

Most harm-reduction programs have a hierarchy of __________.