Deck 11: United States Drug Policy

Question 1

The first woman convicted for delivering a controlled substance to her fetus, in Florida in ________.

A) 1970
B) 1980
C) 1990
D) 2000

Answer 1

C

Question 2

By 2004 state prisons were operating at ____ percent of capacity.

A) 50
B) 85
C) 100
D) 115

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Certain substances that may be harmful to their consumers can be sold with only minimal restrictions. This is called ________

A) regulation.
B) criminalization.
C) medical auspices.
D) restriction.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Despite considerable concern about the high rate of _________ use among pregnant women, studies have failed to find a homogeneous pattern of fetal effects, and there is little consensus on the adverse effects of the drug.

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) heroin

Question 5

On measuring the result of policy changes, Husak and de Marneffe ask should we be punishing people "simply because _______________________?"

A) the law demands it
B) we are unable to demonstrate the benefits of not punishing them
C) it's what we've always done about drugs
D) we are frustrated by their adamant refusal to live as we want them to live

Question 6

Women who abuse heroin during pregnancy frequently give birth to infants suffering from ____________________.

A) neonatal abstinence syndrome
B) down syndrome
C) autism
D) all of these

Question 7

Under federal law, for purposes of punishment a given amount of crack is equivalent to _____ times that amount of powdered cocaine.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 25
D) 50

Question 8

The ____________ model utilizes three methods to control potentially dangerous drugs in the United States.

A) disease model
B) legal-moral
C) moral-legal
D) medical-regulation

Question 9

The moral-legal model attempts to control availability of drugs through _____.

A) treatment
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) penalties

Question 10

Johnson and colleagues argue that _________________.

A) drug treatment should be part of any sentence for convicted drug abusers
B) post-release treatment should be a condition of probation or parole
C) monitoring of urine should be conducted for at least one year
D) all of these

Question 11

A study conducted by USA Today revealed that African Americans are ______ as likely as whites to be arrested on drug charges, even though both groups use drugs at about the same rate.

A) 2 times
B) 4 times
C) 10 times
D) 50 times

Question 12

Substances that fall under medical auspices are ____________.

A) heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine
B) OxyContin, morphine, and amphetamine
C) marijuana, and ecstasy
D) alcohol and nicotine

Question 13

Attempting to control drugs at their source has had unintended consequences: ___________________

A) displacement and environmental destruction.
B) poverty and displacement.
C) balloon effect and displacement.
D) displacement and human rights violations.

Question 14

Crop substitution programs have had _______________.

A) much success
B) limited success
C) no success
D) success has not been assessed yet

Question 15

The creation of an illegal drug market controlled by organized crime was the result of _______________.

A) the existence of a huge profit opportunity
B) the outlawing of addictive drugs
C) the entrepreneurial ruthlessness of organized criminals
D) all of these

Question 16

In order to reduce demand for drugs there must be a symbiosis between ____________.

A) treatment and enforcement
B) treatment and rehabilitation
C) reintegration and treatment
D) reintegration and enforcement

Question 17

A study in Illinois found that although white and African American women show similar rates of illegal drug use during pregnancy _____________.

A) black women are more likely to be reported to authorities
B) white women are more likely to be reported to authorities
C) black women are more likely to be civilly committed
D) white women are more likely to be civilly committed

Question 18

The Minnesota Supreme Court found unconstitutional and discriminatory against African Americans a state law providing twenty years in prison for crack possession, but only ___ years for possession of powdered cocaine in State v. Russell (1991).

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10

Question 19

Although _________________ are clearly dangerous psychoactive chemicals- drugs -semantic fiction portrays them otherwise.

A) nicotine and alcohol
B) amphetamines and barbiturates
C) opioid pain medications and stimulants
D) none of these

Question 20

The successful effort to force Turkey to curtail its production of opium in the 1970s resulted in a concomitant rise in opium production in ________ and Southeast Asia.

A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) Mexico
D) Argentina

Question 21

In 1991, the ____________ Supreme Court found a state law providing 20 years in prison for crack possession but only 5 years for possession of powdered cocaine unconstitutional and discriminatory against African Americans.

A) Arkansas
B) Wisconsin
C) New York
D) Minnesota

Question 22

Drug courts are premised on the idea that __________________________ .

A) legal coercion to enter drug treatment not as effective as self-motivated treatment in achieving the benefits associated with treatment programs.
B) legal coercion to enter drug treatment is an ineffective means of achieving the benefits associated with treatment programs.
C) drug treatment should take place while incarcerated.
D) legal coercion to enter drug treatment is an effective means of achieving the benefits associated with treatment programs.

Question 23

At the end of 2011, an inmate in Tucson, AZ died of a _____________.

A) stabbing
B) heroin overdose
C) methamphetamine overdose
D) crack cocaine overdose

Question 24

In _______, the DEA seized large quantities of precursor chemicals that disrupted the methamphetamine supply chain.

A) 1985
B) 1989
C) 1995
D) 1999

Question 25

In 1987, there was a critical overcrowding of __________ due to the time it took to dispose of drug cases.

A) Riker's Island
B) Fort Campbell
C) Alcatraz
D) Washington Correctional

Question 26

Statutory vocabulary and social folklore have established the fiction that alcohol and nicotine are not really drugs at all.

Question 27

Since 1982 there has been a legally available pharmaceutical for physicians in ophthalmology and cancer treatment: Marinol (dronabinol), which is 98.8 percent pure __________ .

A) THA
B) THC
C) TCH
D) TCC

Question 28

Bolivia reduced coca cultivation by more than ______, but at a price: pressure on the government to deal with coca cultivation led to widespread trampling of civil rights and physical abuse of citizenry.

A) 1/2
B) 1/3
C) 1/5
D) 1/4

Question 29

Cocaine in the form of crack is most likely to be used and sold by __________.

A) Asians
B) Latinos
C) African Americans
D) Caucasians

Question 30

Patrick Biernacki points out that "it cannot be determined with any degree of certainty what effect U.S. drug policy has had on the addict population ."

Question 31

It is paradoxical that politicians who argue that capitalism defeated Communism in Eastern Europe also talk of defeating the business of drugs.

Question 32

Marijuana is now the number one cash crop in the United States.

Question 33

Increasing penalties for drug trafficking seems an unrealistic strategy because sentences for trafficking are already ________.

A) low
B) high
C) not effective
D) hard to enforce

Question 34

In theory, ____________ of a product in a free-market economy will drive up the price, reduce demand, and reduce consumption.

A) increasing consumption.
B) reducing demand.
C) reducing consumption.
D) reducing supply.

Question 35

________ is demonstratively effective in reducing crime.

A) Drug treatment
B) Law enforcement
C) Community outreach
D) Nothing

Question 36

Our response to easily abused substances is not based on the degree of danger inherent in their use.

Question 37

Our response to easily abused substances is not based on the degree of ______ inherent in their use.

A) pleasure
B) accessibility
C) danger
D) uncertainty

Question 38

DiNardo failed to find "any significant effects of law enforcement on the price of ______ faced by users."

A) heroin
B) meth
C) cocaine
D) MDMA

Question 39

Crop substitution programs have been the most successful component of our effort to control drugs at their source.

Question 40

Drug legislation such as the ________________ of 1986 has numerous loopholes.

A) Anti-Narcotic Act
B) Anti-Illicit-Drug Act
C) Anti-Supply Act
D) Anti-Drug Abuse Act

Question 41

Successful __________ and interdiction efforts can affect both availability and price.

Question 42

Discuss the reasons why efforts against drug trafficking is secondary to public policy.

Question 43

In the drug economy, an increase in price might simply raise the revenue for traffickers because it will not cause a significant decrease in consumption.

Question 44

Differentiate the disease and moral-legal models for responding to the use of dangerous substances.

Question 45

Discuss attempts to reduce demand by expanding treatment.

Question 46

Discuss attempts to reduce supply by controlling drugs at their source.

Question 47

Discuss the controversies with regard to the use and legality of medical marijuana.

Question 48

Research into the question of whether or not approval of medical marijuana results increases in recreational use has shown a positive causal relationship.

Question 49

In Peru's Upper Huallaga Valley, an estimated 60,000 families depend on __________ as a cash crop for their survival.

Question 50

Outpatient compulsory treatment for drug users has proven cost effective.

Question 51

The U.S. response to drug use has centered on __________.

Question 52

Crop __________ programs have been part of our effort to control drugs at their source but have met with only limited success.

Question 53

Drug trafficking operates according to the powerful forces of __________ capitalism.

Question 54

Free-market conditions provide little incentive for traffickers to improve the attractiveness of their product.

Question 55

For many years, the United States tolerated the drug-trafficking activities of Central American ally General ___________________.

Question 56

Although we know that women who abuse heroin during pregnancy frequently give birth to infants suffering from neonatal abstinence syndrome-the newborn suffers __________.

Question 57

The two basic models for responding to the use of dangerous substances are the disease model and the __________ model.

Question 58

A major problem with instituting any changes in policy is __________of results.