Deck 6: The Periodic Table and Atomic Structure

Question 1

Because the speed of light remains constant for a given medium, frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An excited electron cannot exist indefinitely and must eventually return to its ground state.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

X-ray fluorescence is an analytical technique that uses high energy x-rays to eject protons from the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

To better characterize an electron in a quantum mechanical model, Erwin Schrödinger introduced the equation H ψ = E ψ . In this equation, ψ represents a( n )_____.

A)neutron redux
B)proton period
C)electron mass
D)wave function

Question 5

The energy of an incoming photon must be greater than the binding energy of a metal's electron in order to have that electron ejected from the metal's surface .

Question 6

Infrared light has higher wavelengths than gamma rays.

Question 7

_____ suggested that electrons occupy stable orbits from which they cannot deviate without first absorbing or emitting energy in the form of light .

A)Albert Einstein
B)Julius Saulk
C)Niels Bohr
D)Edward Teller

Question 8

A museum holds a painting by Renoir and wishes to learn more about the trace composition of the pigments used in the priceless artwork. XRF is superior to AAS for this project because:

A)XRF is a non-destructive technique.
B)XRF is capable of measuring multiple elements simultaneously.
C)AAS is only used for molecular analysis.
D)both a and b.

Question 9

Quantum numbers arise from the functions that solve the wave equations for an atom.

Question 10

If photon "A" has twice the energy of photon "B" in a given medium, then "A" should have half the frequency of "B."

Question 11

The particular pattern of wavelengths absorbed and emitted by any element is called its  _____.

A)parcel number
B)atomic spectrum
C)nuclear potential
D)period

Question 12

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)is based on the principle that atoms of a sample absorb light of particular frequencies that depend on the chemical identity of the atoms and reveal the elemental composition of the sample.

Question 13

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in the same atom may have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Question 14

In the wave model, the amplitude of the wave determines the brightness of the light.

Question 15

Einstein proposed that light could be described as a collection of packets of energy, referred to as  _____.

A)photons
B)protons
C)electrons
D)nucleons

Question 16

In the context of quantum numbers associated with atomic orbitals, the principal quantum number ( n )defines the _____.

A)shape of its orbits
B)shell in which a particular orbital is found
C)orientation of the atom
D)electron spin

Question 17

The bending of light as it passes from air to another denser medium is referred to as  _____.

A)diffraction
B)refraction
C)retraction
D)an illusion

Question 18

As an electron moves closer to the nucleus, energy _____.

A)is absorbed
B)is released
C)remains unchanged
D)is transformed into a proton

Question 19

In quantum mechanics, an " l "  value of 2 corresponds to a letter designation of _____.

A)s
B)p
C)d
D)f

Question 20

In quantum mechanics, an " l "  value of 0 corresponds to a letter designation of _____.

A)s
B)p
C)d
D)f

Question 21

In the context of quantum numbers, if n = 4, there are _____ orbitals to fill in that shell.

A)4
B)8
C)10
D)16

Question 22

What is the correct electron configuration of boron?

A)1s²2s²2p³
B)1s²2s²2p¹
C)1s²2s¹2p²
D)1s¹2s³2p³

Question 23

A photon with a frequency of 2.1 × 10 ⁴ s ^{− 1} has an energy of  _____.

A)6.2 × 10¹²J
B)5.1 × 10¹¹J
C)1.4 × 10 ^{− 29} J
D)1.9 × 10 ^{− 19} J

Question 24

Suppose the first two quantum numbers assigned to an atom are n = 4 and l = 3. What are the possible m _l quantum numbers ?

A)0 only
B)− 1, 0, +1
C)− 2, − 1, 0, +1, +2
D)− 3, − 2 , − 1, 0, +1, +2, +3

Question 25

The size of orbitals tends to decrease for large nuclei as a result of _____.

A)electron crowding
B)spinning
C)uncoupling leptons
D)large nuclear charge

Question 26

Suppose the first two quantum numbers assigned to an atom are n = 4 and l = 2. What are the possible m _l quantum numbers ?

A)0 only
B)− 2, − 1, 0, +1, +2
C)− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, +1,+2, +3
D)− 1, − 1\2, 0, +1\2, +1

Question 27

Among the following elements, which displays the greatest electron affinity?

A)Se
B)Ca
C)C
D)F

Question 28

Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy ?

A)Na
B)Mg
C)O
D)F

Question 29

If a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from n = 1 (E = 4.17 x 10 ^{− 19} J)to n = 3 (E = 8.62 x 10 ^{− 19} J), what is the wavelength of the photon absorbed ?

A)4.47 x 10 ^{− 7} m
B)4.45 x 10 ^{− 19} m
C)4.47 x 10 ^{− 14} m
D)4.45 x 10 ^{− 12} m

Question 30

In the context of quantum numbers, if n = 3, there are _____ orbitals to fill in that shell .

A)2
B)4
C)9
D)18

Question 31

What is the correct electron configuration of copper?

A)1s ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s ² 3p ⁶ 3d ¹⁰ 4s ¹
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹3p⁶4s²3d⁹
C)1s ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s ² 3p ⁶ 3d ¹⁰ 4s ²
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁹4s²

Question 32

Which of the following electron configurations best describes the 2p sub-orbitals of fluorine?

A)↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ (the 2p electrons)
B)↑↓ ↑ ↑↓ (the 2p electrons)
C)↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ (the 2p electrons)
D)↑ ↑ ↑ (the 2p electrons)

Question 33

In the context of quantum numbers of an atom, if the value of " l " is 1, how many orbitals are present in the atom ?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 34

If a 755 nm photon travels in vacuum, what is the frequency of this photon? Recall that the speed of light in vacuum is 2.998 × 10 ⁸ m\ s .

A)3.97 × 10 ¹⁴ s ^{− 1}
B)9.17 × 10 ¹³ s ^{− 1}
C)3.97 × 10 ¹⁶ s ^{− 1}
D)2.52 × 10 ¹⁵ s ^{− 1}

Question 35

What is the electron configuration of chlorine?

A)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹3p⁶
C)1s²2s¹2p⁶3s²3p⁶
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

Question 36

What is the correct electron configuration of a calcium cation?

A)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹3p⁶4s²
C)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰

Question 37

In the context of quantum numbers, which is not a legitimate value for " m _l "?

A)− 1
B)0
C)1\2
D)1

Question 38

If the binding energy of an electron is 6.41 × 10 ^{− 19} J, what wavelength of photon is required to liberate it from the atom? Planck's constant = 6.626 × 10 ^{− 34} Js; c = 3.00 × 10 ⁸ m\ s

A)310 nm
B)641 nm
C)1.53 μ m
D)2.18 μ m

Question 39

In the context of quantum numbers, which is not a legitimate value for " n "?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 40

The _____ of any wave is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.

Question 41

What is the correct electron configuration of a bromide ion ?

A)1s ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s ² 3p ⁶ 3d ¹⁰ 4s ² 4p ²
B)1s ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s ² 3p ⁶ 3d ¹⁰ 4s ² 4p ³
C)1s ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s ² 3p ⁶ 3d ¹⁰ 4s ² 4p ⁵
D)1s ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s ² 3p ⁶ 3d ¹⁰ 4s ² 4p ⁶

Question 42

The magnitude of the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is twice the magnitude of the wave's frequency .

Question 43

Laser light is _____, which means that all of its waves are perfectly in phase and go through maxima and minima together .

Question 44

The particular pattern of wavelengths absorbed and emitted by any element is called its  _____.

Question 45

The process of deciding which orbitals hold electrons in an atom requires that we "fill" orbitals starting with the lowest energy and proceeding to higher energy. This concept is referred to as the _____.

Question 46

The _____ describes the phenomenon of ejection of an electron from the surface of an easily ionizable metal when a sufficiently energetic electron strikes that metal .

Question 47

An atom emits light at various wavelengths, two of which are 434 nm and 472 nm. Both of these transitions are to the same final state. What is the energy difference between the two states for each transition ?

A)1.2 × 10 ^{− 19} J
B)3.4 × 10 ^{− 19} J
C)3.7 × 10 ^{− 20} J
D)4.2 × 10 ^{− 20} J

Question 48

The _____ of a wave refers to the size or height of the wave.

Question 49

Unlike x-ray fluorescence, a tomic absorption spectroscopy requires sample digestion .

Question 50

The _____ of a wave is the number of wave cycles per unit time.