Deck 11: Early Medieval Europe

Question 1

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The Lindau Gospels cover encompasses the stylistic diversity of early medieval art. Which of the following best describes the contrast seen here?

A) The work highlights the Byzantine tradition and the linearity of the Utrecht Psalter style.
B) The work highlights early Christian imagery and the return to classical ideals of the Coronation Gospels style.
C) The work highlights early Christian imagery and the vivacity of the Utrecht Psalter style.
D) The work highlights the Byzantine tradition and the energy of the Ebbo Gospels style.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Two silver spoons inscribed "Saulos" and "Paulos," Paul's names before and after baptism, were discovered as part of the Sutton Hoo burial. What might be inferred from these spoons?

A) They were part of the ritual burial ceremony.
B) The owner's need for utilitarian objects
C) They were left as gifts.
D) The owner's conversion to Christianity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the later Middle Ages, religious books were created for the private devotions of the laity. What term is given to books that contained prayers to be read at specific times during the day?

A) Books of devotions
B) Books of sacramentaries
C) Books of benedictionals
D) Books of hours

Answer 3

D

Question 4

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In the image of Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels , classical illusionism has been merged with which style?

A) Abstract shapes
B) Linear perspective
C) the Northern linear tradition
D) Animal interlace

Question 5

Which group consolidated its rule over the eastern part of the Carolingian empire in the mid-10th century?

A) Hiberno-Saxon monks
B) Franks
C) Ottonians
D) Benedictine order

Question 6

The art of medieval monasteries in Ireland is described by which adjective?

A) Frankish
B) Ottonian
C) Merovingian
D) Hiberno-Saxon

Question 7

The alternate-support system is first found in the architecture of which period?

A) Merovingian
B) Early Christian
C) Ottonian
D) Carolingian

Question 8

What aspect of illuminated manuscripts allowed Christian monks to impress and influence the illiterate Christian population?

A) The monks could read the manuscripts aloud.
B) The large scale of the manuscripts made them visible to a group.
C) The manuscripts included every Gospel story.
D) The artwork in the manuscripts made words beautiful.

Question 9

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The figure representing the symbol of Matthew in the Book of Durrow shows frontal head, profile feet, and cloak and frame designs that recall contemporaneous cloisonné metalwork. Which of the following statements explains this work?

A) It combines the abstraction of Late Roman adornment with early Christian pictorial imagery.
B) It combines the abstraction of early medieval adornment with early Christian and Byzantine pictorial imagery.
C) It combines the abstraction of early Christian adornment with Late Roman pictorial imagery.
D) It combines the abstraction of Byzantine adornment with early Christian pictorial imagery.

Question 10

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It has been theorized that the author-portrait of Saint Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels shows classical influences. What supports this statement?

A) The figure is seated as an imperial emperor.
B) The figure is seated as an adjudicating senator.
C) The figure is seated as a philosopher or poet reading or writing.
D) The figure is seated as an imperial judge.

Question 11

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The two groupings of a man standing between two lions on the Sutton Hoo purse cover represent a composition type familiar from where?

A) Carolingian manuscripts
B) the Ancient world
C) Monastic sculpture
D) Egypt

Question 12

Which group of barbarian invaders at one time controlled part of Italy, formed a kingdom in southern France, and were forced into Spain by the Franks?

A) Huns
B) Lombards
C) Franks
D) Visigoths

Question 13

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The style of the Saint Matthew portrait in the Ebbo Gospels resembles the illustrations in which contemporaneous manuscript?

A) Lindisfarne Gospels
B) Commentary on the Apocalypse
C) Utrecht Psalter
D) Uta Codex

Question 14

The shape of Irish or Celtic high crosses, made of stone, is identifiable by which form?

A) Four arms of equal length
B) An additional top slanting bar
C) A circle intersecting the cross arms
D) A swastika symbolizing the four directions

Question 15

Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory. Charlemagne returned to Rome after his coronation with an equestrian statue of Theodoric. Whose statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?

A) Alexander the Great
B) Justinian
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Julius Caesar

Question 16

What was the most typical object of prestige adornment in the medieval period?

A) Belt buckle
B) Fibula
C) Purse cover
D) Cloisonné

Question 17

What manuscript is commonly considered the greatest of the extant early medieval Irish books?

A) Book of Durrow
B) Book of Lindisfarne
C) Book of Alciun
D) Book of Kells

Question 18

Who was a major force in the revival of the classical style in early medieval times?

A) Louis the Pious
B) Bernward of Hildesheim
C) Otto III
D) Charlemagne

Question 19

Early 11th-century England was briefly part of what empire?

A) Merovingian
B) Carolingian
C) Danish
D) Celtic

Question 20

The plan for what church was used as the model for the palace chapel at Aachen?

A) Old Saint Peter's
B) Santa Sabina
C) Hagia Sophia
D) San Vitale

Question 21

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What is the name of the building in this image, and where is it located?

A) San Vitale, Ravenna
B) Palatine Chapel, Aachen
C) Saint Pantaleon, Cologne
D) Saint Michael's, Hildesheim

Question 22

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The persistence of the artistic tradition of which people is evident in the intertwining animal and plant motifs of this object?

A) Byzantines
B) Vikings
C) Ottonians
D) Visigoths

Question 23

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What are the technique and material of the Ottonian plaques from Magdeburg, Germany?

A) Ink on parchment
B) Carving on ivory
C) Engraving on metal
D) Tempera on vellum

Question 24

What was the primary vehicle used in the Christianization of the British Isles?

A) Roman scrolls
B) Illuminated manuscripts
C) Reliquaries
D) Oral tradition

Question 25

Which of the following buildings does not have the monumental facade type referred to as a westwork?

A) The abbey church at Corvey
B) The abbey church of Saint Pantaleon in Cologne
C) The abbey church of Saint Michael at Hildesheim
D) The basilica of Saint Cyriakus in Gernrode

Question 26

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Who is depicted in this ninth-century equestrian portrait?

A) Otto III
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Constantine
D) Charlemagne

Question 27

Bernward's doors for Saint Michael's, Hildesheim, juxtapose scenes from Genesis with scenes from which source?

A) The Gospel of Luke
B) The book of Exodus
C) The life of Christ
D) The tale of the prodigal son

Question 28

Which monuments, because of their large scale, are rare yet majestic artistic productions in Ireland and northern England?

A) Stave churches
B) High crosses
C) Bronze doors
D) Equestrian portraits

Question 29

The primary sacred text of Christianity was the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament, originally written in Hebrew, and the New Testament, written in Greek. In what language is the Vulgate version of the Bible written?

A) Ancient Greek
B) High German
C) Old English
D) Latin

Question 30

Which group was critically important to the revival of learning during Charlemagne's reign?

A) Wealthy noblemen
B) Barbarian travelers
C) Monastic communities
D) Viking converts

Question 31

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What is the name of this example of the Ottonian revival of large-scale sculpture?

A) Bernward Crucifix
B) Gero Crucifix
C) Charlemagne Crucifix
D) Otto III Crucifix

Question 32

The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was found at which place?

A) The abbey church of Corvey
B) Saint Michael's at Hildesheim
C) Saint-Riquier at Centula
D) The monastery of Saint Gall

Question 33

In which way did the three-aisled basilica planned for the monastery of Saint Gall differ from its early Christian prototypes?

A) It had a choir between crossing and apse.
B) It had integrated towers.
C) It had a procession of transepts.
D) It had a second apse on the west end.

Question 34

Which Ottonian church utilizes an alternate-support system but lacks an upper gallery?

A) Saint Cyriakus
B) Saint Michael's
C) San Juan Bautista
D) Palatine Chapel

Question 35

The burial group recovered from which English site epitomizes the early medieval tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings?

A) Lindisfarne
B) Sutton Hoo
C) Jarrow
D) Northumbria

Question 36

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In this image of Otto III enthroned, what component symbolizes his universal authority and conforms to a Christian imperial iconographic tradition?

A) Abstract interlace
B) Scepter and orb
C) Antique illusionism
D) Columns

Question 37

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Which component of a monastic building complex is depicted in this image?

A) Cloister
B) Scriptorium
C) Refectory
D) Oratory

Question 38

What earlier building may have inspired the presence of two apses and a side entrance at Saint Michael's, Hildesheim?

A) Basilica of Constantine
B) Old Saint Peter's
C) Pantheon
D) Basilica Ulpia

Question 39

What is the name of the lengthy poem that mentions that heroes were buried with items of prestige, such as rings and brooches, as a testament to their greatness?

A) Book of Durrow
B) Tale of Kells
C) Book of Doom
D) Saga of Beowulf

Question 40

The frenzied energy of the Utrecht Psalter makes it most closely related to which of the following?

A) Book of Lindisfarne
B) Gospel Book of Otto III
C) Bishop Bernward Gospels
D) Ebbo Gospels

Question 41

Which best describes the color scheme and technique of the Coronation Gospels ?

A) Black text on vellum, shapes created with color and shading effects
B) Black text on purple vellum, shapes created with a precise linear style
C) Gold text on purple vellum, shapes created with color and shading effects
D) Gold text on vellum, shapes created with a precise linear style

Question 42

The Ottonian church of Saint Cyriakus at Gernrode adds what new architectural component to the basilica form?

A) Nave
B) Apse
C) Gallery
D) Dome

Question 43

Which of the following embodies the Carolingian-Ottonian taste for costly portable objects?

A) The plan of Saint Gall
B) The Gero Crucifix
C) The High Cross of Muiredach
D) The Lindau Gospels

Question 44

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In this page from the Book of Kells, what Insular manuscript tradition is evident?

A) The four Evangelists are depicted writing their Gospels.
B) Luxurious prestige items symbolize the rewards of the Christian faith.
C) Initial letters of a holy word are enlarged into intricate designs.
D) Beowolf is shown battling horrific monsters.

Question 45

The colorful animal-based interlace patterns that appear in so many illuminated manuscripts are attempts to imitate which premier medieval art form?

A) Wall painting
B) Textiles
C) Metalwork
D) Woodcarving

Question 46

Full-page abstract designs of great richness and complexity appear in which of the following manuscripts?

A) The Book of Durrow
B) All of these
C) The Lindisfarne Gospels
D) The Book of Kells

Question 47

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the innovative design of Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel?

A) The imperial gallery of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
B) The plan of San Vitale in Ravenna
C) The Ottonian westwork
D) The southern European vault

Question 48

Which of the following pairs of manuscripts are products of the monasteries of the Ottonian Empire?

A) The Gospel Book of Otto III and the Ebbo Gospels
B) The Uta Codex and the Lectionary of Henry II
C) The Lindisfarne Gospels and the Book of Durrow
D) The Utrecht Psalte r and the Commentary on the Apocalypse

Question 49

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This panel, highlighting the new ties between the Ottonian court and Byzantine Constantinople, celebrates the marriage of which people?

A) Otto III and Uta
B) Otto II and Theophanu
C) Henry II and Theophanu
D) Otto I and Adelaide

Question 50

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Which manuscript, shown here, is known for its pen-and-ink drawings that evoke the daily life of late antiquity?

A) The Coronation Gospels
B) The Utrecht Psalter
C) The Ebbo Gospels
D) The Book of Durrow