Deck 26: Rococo to Neoclassicism: the 18th Century in Europe and America

Question 1

Which movement was a major impetus for political, social, and economic change in the 18th century?

A) Grand Tour
B) Enlightenment
C) Discovery of Pompeii
D) Neoclassicism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?

A) Johann Winckelmann
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Fischer von Erlach
D) William Hogarth

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which leader embraced Neoclassicism because of its associations with virtues such as morality, idealism, and patriotism?

A) Napoleon
B) George IV
C) George Washington
D) Thomas Jefferson

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who was the art patron responsible for the rise of Boucher to prominence in French painting after the death of Watteau?

A) Louis XVI
B) Julie de Lespinasse
C) Madame de Pompadour
D) Voltaire

Question 5

Which work did Jacques-Louis David paint to provide inspiration and encouragement to French revolutionary forces?

A) Death of General Wolfe
B) Oath of the Horatii
C) Death of Marat
D) Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures

Question 6

In the debate among members of the French Royal Academy regarding the relative superiority of color or form, which side did Watteau favor?

A) Color (Poussinistes)
B) Form (Rubénistes)
C) Form (Poussinistes)
D) Color (Rubénistes)

Question 7

Which philosophical school believed that the ills of humanity could be remedied by applying reason and common sense to problems?

A) Industrialists
B) Poussinistes
C) Roman Academy
D) Philosophes

Question 8

Thomas Jefferson's redesign of Monticello was influenced by the subject house and which other building?

A) Walpole's Strawberry Hill
B) Soufflot's Panthéon
C) Palladio's Villa Rotonda
D) Stuart's Temple of Theseus

Question 9

A gathering of wealthy socialites in the first half of the 18th century in France would most likely take place in a room decorated in which style?

A) Baroque
B) Neoclassical
C) Naturalist
D) Rococo

Question 10

Eschewing a contrived pose, Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait demonstrates what new trend in art?

A) The classical mode
B) The naturalistic impulse
C) A refined elegance
D) An emphasis on drama

Question 11

Which philosopher asserted that the human capacity for feeling, sensibility, and emotions came before reason?

A) Isaac Newton
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Voltaire
D) John Locke

Question 12

The painting genre created by Antoine Watteau in which the amusements and entertainments of the upper classes are depicted is referred to by what term?

A) Pays bonheur
B) Sans souci
C) Fête de jour
D) Fête galante

Question 13

Which 18th-century artistic style enabled a unification among diverse artistic media such as architecture, painting, sculpture, and even music?

A) Baroque
B) Neoclassicism
C) Realism
D) Rococo

Question 14

Which building is a prime example of the German adoption of the French Rococo style for a domestic context?

A) Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse
B) Neumann, Vierzehnheiligen
C) Cuvilliés, the Amalienburg
D) Fischer van Ehrlach, Karlskirche

Question 15

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The undulating facade of Balthasar Neumann's Vierzehnheiligen church takes its inspiration from the buildings of which earlier architect?

A) Palladio
B) Alberti
C) Romano
D) Borromini

Question 16

The title of Watteau's Pilgrimage to Cythera , as well as the activities and figures shown in the painting, is an allusion to which Greco-Roman deity?

A) Minerva
B) Cupid
C) Aphrodite
D) Jupiter

Question 17

When two doctrines divided the French Academy, which taught that color was the most important element?

A) Poussinistes
B) Rubénistes
C) Naturalistes
D) Titianistes

Question 18

Which of the following works embodies the Enlightenment embrace of the values of the Greco-Roman world?

A) Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera
B) Kauffman, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures
C) Tiepolo, Apotheosis of the Pisani Family
D) Hogarth, Breakfast Scene

Question 19

Viewing the art treasures of Italy on the Grand Tour played a major role in the rise of which movement?

A) Romanticism
B) Rococo
C) Neoclassicism
D) Naturalism

Question 20

Who was a leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France?

A) John Locke
B) Louis XVI
C) Isaac Newton
D) Voltaire

Question 21

Which English artist used his paintings to translate contemporary literary forms mocking societal issues into the visual arts?

A) Henry Fielding
B) Thomas Gainsborough
C) William Hogarth
D) Sir Joshua Reynolds

Question 22

In his portrait of Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan , Thomas Gainsborough combines a naturalistic rendering of the sitter with what?

A) Baroque illusionism of setting
B) Rococo setting
C) Detailed realism of setting
D) Contrasting dark and light of setting

Question 23

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Who is the painter of the Rococo work The Swing ?

A) Tiepolo
B) Boucher
C) Watteau
D) Fragonard

Question 24

Chardin's praise of the simple goodness of ordinary people, in such paintings as his Grace , is based on the work of what key Enlightenment figure?

A) Voltaire
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Bruno La Tour
D) Charles de Secondat

Question 25

The Coalbrookdale Bridge, built over the Severn River, was the first such structure built from what material?

A) Copper and stone
B) Cast iron
C) Steel and stone
D) Brick

Question 26

Canaletto's Riva degli Schiavoni, Venice is an example of what painting genre, which was a product of the 18th-century tradition of the Grand Tour?

A) Fête galante
B) Topographical
C) Veduta
D) Cityscape

Question 27

Which artist transformed small-scale and intimate Rococo works to large-scale illusionistic ceiling paintings?

A) Clodion
B) Fragonard
C) Tiepolo
D) Chardin

Question 28

Which group became the primary patrons of Wright's paintings depicting the wonders of the Industrial Revolution?

A) Philosophes
B) Clergy
C) Middle class
D) Industrialists

Question 29

The Enlightenment notion of "progress" and the scientific revolution are highlighted in the paintings of which artist?

A) Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
B) Jean-Baptiste Greuze
C) William Hogarth
D) Joseph Wright of Derby

Question 30

Which artist specialized in on-location portraits of individuals who were visiting Italy as part of the Grand Tour?

A) Pierre Corneille
B) Pompeo Batoni
C) Antonio Canaletto
D) Cesare de Seta

Question 31

The decorative scheme of the Etruscan Room in Osterley Park House was inspired by what contemporary activity?

A) Excavation of Etruscan site of Cerveteri
B) Excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum
C) Grand Tour travels through ancient towns of Italy
D) Rebuilding of the basilica of Saint Peter's

Question 32

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Which element of Marat's Oath of the Horatii reflects Enlightenment ideals rather than Neoclassicism?

A) Narrow stagelike setting
B) Subject from Roman history
C) Juxtaposed actions of men and women
D) Background with classical architecture

Question 33

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What is the name of the 18th-century silversmith portrayed in this painting by John Singleton Copley?

A) Benjamin West
B) Paul Revere
C) James Stuart
D) Horace Walpole

Question 34

Which individual brought the ideas of Newton and Locke, which formed the basis of Enlightenment thought, to France?

A) Benjamin Franklin
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Voltaire
D) Denis Diderot

Question 35

Which 18th-century Enlightenment figure was also a pioneer in the field of art criticism, expressing a preference for naturalism in painting?

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Voltaire
C) Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
D) Denis Diderot

Question 36

Which artist set the standard for history paintings by combining the conventions of traditional heroic paintings with modern realism in subject matter and dress?

A) John Singleton Copley
B) Antonio Canaletto
C) Benjamin West
D) Thomas Gainsborough

Question 37

In her painted Self-Portrait , whose likeness does Vigée Le Brun show herself painting?

A) Her own
B) Marie Antoinette
C) Madame de Pompadour
D) Virgin Mary

Question 38

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Who are the two women accompanying Adélaïde Labille-Guiard in her self-portrait?

A) Her muses
B) Her students
C) Her royal patrons
D) Her daughters

Question 39

Which English painter specialized in Grand Manner portraiture focusing on individuals who had played significant roles in critical events such as the American Revolution?

A) Thomas Gainsborough
B) William Hogarth
C) Joshua Reynolds
D) John Singleton Copley

Question 40

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Greuze's Village Bride is an example of which new theme in 18th-century painting, one that appealed to audiences who admired "natural" virtue?

A) Historical episodes
B) Wonders of science
C) Sentimental narrative
D) Fête galante

Question 41

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Which element in Houdon's marble statue of George Washington is a Roman emblem of authority?

A) The plow of the Roman Cincinnatus
B) The walking stick with attached ribbons
C) The badge of the Society of Cincinnatus
D) Column of thirteen rods (fasces)

Question 42

The Roman ruins of Baalbek in Syria provided the inspiration for what 18th-century building?

A) Fischer von Erlach, Karlskirche
B) Soufflot, Panthéon
C) Stuart, Temple of Theseus
D) Jefferson, Rotunda

Question 43

The publication of the travels of Stuart and Revett provided direct information on the ancient architecture of which country?

A) Italy
B) Greece
C) Turkey
D) Egypt

Question 44

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In this statue, Greenough, the sculptor, likens which American founder to the god Zeus?

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) James Madison
C) George Washington
D) Benjamin Franklin

Question 45

Which American founder built his home on the model of Palladian villas and strove to establish Neoclassical architecture as the national architectural style?

A) George Washington
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) James Madison
D) Paul Revere

Question 46

Jean-Antoine Houdon and Horatio Greenough created Neoclassical artworks in which medium?

A) Granite buildings
B) Oil on canvas
C) Wood and brick houses
D) Marble sculpture

Question 47

James Gibbs's influential design for St Martin-in-the-Fields combines a body inspired by classical temples with what?

A) Italian Baroque undulating facade
B) Intricately decorated Rococo interior
C) Palladian central dome
D) Italian Baroque bell tower

Question 48

The Neoclassical follies and other monuments created for the estates of English country houses were part of which trend in landscape architecture?

A) The symmetric garden
B) The zen garden
C) The Rubéniste garden
D) The picturesque garden

Question 49

Chiswick House is a reflection of what stylistic trend in English architecture?

A) Neoclassicism
B) Palladian classicism
C) Vitruvian proportionality
D) Colonial austerity

Question 50

The park of which English estate, designed by Flitcroft and Hoare, is based on episodes from Virgil's Aeneid ?

A) Hagley Park
B) Chiswick House
C) Basildon Park
D) Stourhead Park