Deck 27: Romanticism, Realism, Photography: Europe and America, 1800 to 1870

Question 1

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The emphasis on suffering in Gros's Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa as well as the detailed depiction of the exotic locale presages the turn to which new style?

A) Neoclassicism
B) Realism
C) Romanticism
D) Rococo

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Neoclassical portrait statue of Paulina Borghese in the guise of Venus was created by which sculptor?

A) François Rude
B) Antonio Canova
C) Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
D) Jean-Antoine Houdon

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Described as awe mixed with terror, the notion of the sublime had a role in which intellectual movement?

A) Realism
B) Positivism
C) Romanticism
D) Neoclassicism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Vignon's Neoclassical design of the church of La Madeleine in Paris is meant to tie the empire of Napoleon to which earlier empire?

A) Ottoman
B) Holy Roman
C) Byzantine
D) Roman

Question 5

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The elongated limbs and torso of Ingres's Grande Odalisque can be linked to which earlier artist and style?

A) David, Neoclassicism
B) Watteau, Rococo
C) Raphael, Renaissance
D) Parmigianino, Mannerism

Question 6

The Thankful Poor by Tanner is an example of the typical Realist focus on what?

A) Religious scenes
B) Historical events
C) Wealthy aristocrats
D) Ordinary people

Question 7

Who was the leading figure of the Realist movement in art?

A) Eakins
B) Bouguereau
C) Courbet
D) Bonheur

Question 8

The results of the Spanish resistance to the invasion of their country by Napoleon's forces are highlighted in which painting by Goya?

A) Family of Charles IV
B) Third of May, 1808
C) Guernica
D) Saturn Devouring One of His Children

Question 9

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Ingres's Apotheosis of Homer was inspired by which earlier work?

A) Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper
B) Raphael, School of Athens
C) Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera
D) Botticelli, Primavera

Question 10

Although possessing the Realist passion for accuracy, Rosa Bonheur did not use this technique to portray what?

A) Animals
B) Political themes
C) Nature
D) Everyday scenes

Question 11

The Romantic notion of God as a mathematician seen in Blake's Ancient of Days is taken from the artistic tradition of which earlier period?

A) Early Christian
B) Baroque
C) Neoclassicism
D) Medieval

Question 12

What did Courbet employ in the The Stone Breakers to convey the dismal nature of manual labor?

A) A blend of soft pastels for the stones
B) A palette of dirty browns and grays
C) Swirling, diagonal lines
D) Bright color highlights

Question 13

Which painter of the French revolution was able to revitalize his career by becoming First Painter to Napoleon?

A) Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
B) Édouard Manet
C) Jacques-Louis David
D) Benjamin West

Question 14

Winslow Homer's Veteran in a New Field is a commentary on the aftermath of which conflict?

A) French peasants' revolt
B) French revolution
C) American Civil War
D) Crimean war

Question 15

Salon jurors regarded Courbet's depiction of the rural poor in The Stone Breaker s as what?

A) Endearing
B) Socialistic
C) Sublime
D) Condescending

Question 16

What instrument did Muybridge use to project a sequence of images onto a screen?

A) Calotype
B) Praxiscope
C) Daguerreotype
D) Camera obscura

Question 17

Sargent's technique of applying paint in thin layers reflects the influence on him of which earlier work?

A) Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
B) Las Meninas
C) Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
D) Conversion of Saint Paul

Question 18

In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix , what did the artist include to commemorate his wife's death?

A) Book
B) Poppy
C) White dove
D) Wedding ring

Question 19

Art historians believe that the American artist Thomas Eakins modeled the The Gross Clinic on what?

A) Homer's Veteran in a New Field
B) Blake's Ancient of Days
C) Rosetti's Beata Beatrix
D) Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

Question 20

Who was one of the first Romantic artists to depict the dark terrain of the subconscious?

A) Antoine-Jean Gros
B) Théodore Géricault
C) Jacques-Louis David
D) John Henry Fuseli

Question 21

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The brushwork and strongly foreshortened figures of Charging Chasseur reflect Géricault's emulation of which earlier painter?

A) David
B) Rubens
C) Caravaggio
D) Mantegna

Question 22

In which aspect does Courbet's Burial at Ornans most resemble traditional history paintings?

A) Antiheroic composition
B) Monumental size of the painting
C) Equal stature of all figures shown
D) Scene's lack of theatricality

Question 23

Which 19th-century artist painted dramatic landscapes of the western areas of the United States such as Yosemite?

A) Frederic Edwin Church
B) Rosa Bonheur
C) William Blake
D) Albert Bierstadt

Question 24

Which artist was a leader in the French Realist movement of the 19th century?

A) Caspar David Friedrich
B) Théodore Géricault
C) Gustave Courbet
D) John Singer Sargent

Question 25

The grand pictorial drama of Delacroix's painting Death of Sardanapalus is based on a literary work by which Romantic author?

A) Mary Shelley
B) John Keats
C) Lord Byron
D) William Wordsworth

Question 26

J. M. W. Turner's distinctive style is most recognizable in his use of which element of painting?

A) Line
B) Form
C) Naturalism
D) Color

Question 27

François Rude's allegorical sculpture Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 was created to adorn which Parisian monument?

A) Eiffel Tower
B) Louvre palace
C) Opéra house
D) Arc de Triomphe

Question 28

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Which European artist created this Romantic transcendental landscape painting?

A) Albert Bierstadt
B) Joseph Mallord William Turner
C) Caspar David Friedrich
D) Gustave Courbet

Question 29

Which English painter is known for depicting the disappearing beauties of the English countryside during the Industrial Revolution?

A) Joseph Mallord William Turner
B) Édouard Manet
C) John Constable
D) Thomas Cole

Question 30

Manet's controversial painting Olympia was loosely based on a work by which earlier artist?

A) Raphael
B) Titian
C) Gericault
D) Velázquez

Question 31

Who was named first consul of the French Republic after leading the French army on several campaigns?

A) Maximilien Robespierre
B) Camillo Borghese
C) Jacques-Louis David
D) Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 32

The metal relief etching entitled Ancient of Days is the work of which leading Romantic artist?

A) Henry Fuseli
B) William Blake
C) Thomas Gainsborough
D) Francisco Goya

Question 33

Delacroix's allegorical painting of Liberty Leading the People refers to an uprising that took place in what city?

A) New York
B) Madrid
C) Boston
D) Paris

Question 34

Géricault's gigantic painting Raft of the Medusa , with its writhing, tortured bodies, is his commentary on which contemporary sociocultural situation?

A) International trade
B) Industrial Revolution
C) Protestantism
D) Slavery

Question 35

What contemporary event is referenced by American Realist Winslow Homer in his Veteran in a Field?

A) Construction of transcontinental railroad
B) Rise of socialism
C) American Civil War
D) Revolutions of 1848

Question 36

Which work by Manet do art historians regard as his critique of European painting since the Renaissance?

A) Olympia
B) Third-Class Carriage
C) Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe
D) A Bar at the Folies Bergère

Question 37

In Women of Algiers , Delacroix's interest in what element of painting is on display?

A) Line
B) Perspective
C) Texture
D) Color

Question 38

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John Singer Sargent's The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit reveals his admiration for which earlier artist?

A) Vermeer
B) Velázquez
C) Titian
D) Michelangelo

Question 39

In what medium did satirical artist Honoré Daumier create most of his works?

A) Photography
B) Woodcarving
C) Lithography
D) Pencil drawings

Question 40

What contrast does Thomas Cole highlight in his painting The Oxbow ?

A) Europe versus America
B) Land versus sea
C) Wilderness versus civilization
D) Agriculture versus industrialization

Question 41

The 19th-century revival of historical architectural styles led Barry and Pugin to rebuild the Houses of Parliament in London in what style?

A) Neo-Baroque
B) Neo-Gothic
C) Beaux-Arts
D) Greek Revival

Question 42

In constructing the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851, what cost-effective innovation did Joseph Paxton employ?

A) Interlocking joinery
B) Undraped concrete
C) Prefabricated elements
D) Load-bearing steel

Question 43

Which Romantic-style building is a conglomeration of Islamic domes, minarets, and screens that has been described as "Indian Gothic"?

A) Paris Opéra, Paris
B) Houses of Parliament, London
C) Royal Pavilion, Brighton
D) Altes Museum, Berlin

Question 44

Which photographer became well known for creating portraits of artists such as Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet?

A) Timothy O'Sullivan
B) Nadar
C) Josiah Johnson Hawes
D) Alexander Gardner

Question 45

Which Neoclassical artist of the first part of the 19th century looked firmly to the arts of Greek antiquity for his subjects and compositions?

A) Caspar David Friedrich
B) William Blake
C) Francisco Goya
D) Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Question 46

Which artist was the most prominent member of the Hudson River School of landscape painting?

A) Friedrich
B) Cole
C) Constable
D) Turner

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a colorist painting, instead relying on form and line?

A) Turner, The Slave Ship
B) Delacroix, Women of Algiers in Their Apartment
C) Rosetti, Beata Beatrix
D) Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer

Question 48

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected Realism and based their artistic philosophy on the writings of which individual?

A) Gustave Courbet
B) William Morris
C) John Ruskin
D) John Singer Sargent

Question 49

Which American Realist artist, having studied both painting and medicine, believed that careful observation was a prerequisite for his art?

A) John Singer Sargent
B) Thomas Eakins
C) Winslow Homer
D) Henry Ossawa Tanner

Question 50

Which early photographer used the new medium to produce documentary images of the immediate aftermath of Civil War battles?

A) Josiah Johnson Hawes
B) Alexander Gardner
C) Timothy O'Sullivan
D) Eadweard Muybridge