Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Originally, colonial Africans were not slaves, but were ________, with few differences from indentured servants of other races.

A) servants
B) conscripted
C) press ganged
D) prisoners
E) manumitted

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The most important right is the right to

A) vote.
B) marry.
C) equality.
D) freedom of speech.
E) freedom of the press.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Businesses refusing to serve or hire people on the basis of their race, sex, sexual orientation, or national orientation is an example of

A) de jure discrimination.
B) private discrimination.
C) active discrimination.
D) public discrimination.
E) counter discrimination.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In  Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Court ruled that not only could Congress not ban slavery in the territories but that blacks were not

A) citizens.
B) free.
C) property.
D) manumitted.
E) de jure .

Question 5

During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln __________, which made slavery illegal in those states in rebellion as of January 1, 1863.

A) passed the Missouri Compromise
B) issued the Emancipation Proclamation
C) vetoed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) signed Executive Order #9066
E) did all of these

Question 6

The expectation that equality is achieved if results are comparable for all citizens, and that all citizens are proportionally represented in measures of success in life is known as ____________.

A) equality of opportunity
B) equality of chance
C) equality of government
D) equality of outcome
E) equality of existence

Question 7

The fastest growing ethnic group in the United States is _______.

A) Greek
B) African American
C) Latino
D) Eastern European
E) Asian

Question 8

Native Americans born on reservations did not receive natural-born citizen status until the passage of the  _________.

A) Civil Rights Act 
B) Indian Citizenship Act
C) Indian Removal Act
D) Equal Rights Amendment
E) Twenty-fifth Amendment

Question 9

Congress first allowed nonwhites to become naturalized citizens in __________, when it extended naturalization to "persons of African descent."

A) 1826
B) 1870
C) 1898
D) 1908
E) 1921

Question 10

In what year did women get the right to vote nationally?

A) 1897
B) 1911
C) 1920
D) 1967
E) 1973

Question 11

Full-fledged membership in a nation is called ______

A) citizenship
B) suffrage
C) de facto
D) de jure
E) representation

Question 12

The expectation that citizens may not be discriminated against and should have an equal chance to succeed in life is called ____________.

A) equality of opportunity
B) equality of chance
C) equality of outcome
D) equality of circumstance
E) equality of government

Question 13

In ______________, the Court endorsed President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan that sent 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry to relocation camps.

A) Roth v. United States
B) Windsor v. United States
C) Katz v. United States
D) Korematsu v. United States
E) Rathje v. United States

Question 14

During the Mexican Repatriation, roughly 60 percent of those deported were ________.

A) illegal aliens
B) resident aliens
C) temporary workers
D) migrants
E) U.S. citizens

Question 15

The Indian Removal Act of 1830, created the forcible removal of Native Americans to

A) western territories.
B) other countries.
C) internment camps.
D) reservations.
E) Florida.

Question 16

The actions of the southern states during the period of segregation, such as denying African Americans the right to vote or appear in public places are examples of ______________.

A) private discrimination
B) factual discrimination
C) public discrimination
D) counterfactual discrimination
E) defacto discrimination

Question 17

__________ are rights related to the duties of citizenship and the opportunities for participation in civic life that the government is obliged to protect.

A) Civil liberties
B) Civil rights
C) Human rights
D) Political rights
E) Social rights

Question 18

Slavery is prohibited in __________ of the U.S. Constitution.

A) Article I
B) Article II
C) the First Amendment
D) the Tenth Amendment
E) none of these

Question 19

The__________ banned slavery in the territories that were north of the southern border of Missouri.

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Indian Citizenship Act
C) Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) Mississippi Compromise
E) Missouri Compromise

Question 20

The__________ Act of 1924 placed quotas for ethnic groups based on the proportion of Americans from each nationality resident in 1890, thereby severely limiting the number of whites considered to be of "lower race," that is, those from southern and eastern Europe.

A) Assimilation
B) Civil Rights
C) Indian Citizenship
D) Immigration
E) Naturalization

Question 21

The period after the Civil War where the former Confederate states gained readmission to the Union and the federal government passed laws to help emancipated slaves is known as ___________

A) Dual Federalism
B) Post-Construction
C) Era of Good Feelings
D) Reconstruction
E) Placation

Question 22

Which of the following discriminations was NOT true at some point in U.S. history?

A) Women were exempted from jury duty.
B) Florida provided tax relief to widows but not to widowers.
C) New York allowed unwed fathers, but not unwed mothers, to block the adoption of their children.
D) Colorado allowed women to drink beer at age 18 while men had to wait until they were 21.
E) A woman could not work as a bartender in Michigan unless she was related to the bar's owner.

Question 23

The territory of __________ granted women's suffrage in 1869, which continued upon statehood in 1890.

A) Alabama
B) Connecticut
C) New Jersey
D) Virginia
E) Wyoming

Question 24

In order to keep ethnic groups as well as anyone considered undesirable out of the country, Congress used

A) immigration laws.
B) sedition laws.
C) alien laws.
D) migrant codes.
E) ethnic codes.

Question 25

In 1789, only __________ allowed women the right to vote, provided the women met the state's property requirements. This right was rescinded in 1807.

A) Alabama
B) Connecticut
C) New Jersey
D) Virginia
E) Wyoming

Question 26

The Court's ruling in  Plessy v. Ferguson  established the doctrine of

A) separate but equal.
B) Jim Crow.
C) reparations.
D) segregation.
E) equal protection.

Question 27

President John Kennedy had to send 25,000 federal troops to ensure the enrollment of one black man, James Meredith, at __________ in 1962.

A) Auburn University
B) the University of Alabama
C) the University of Mississippi
D) the University of Michigan
E) the University of Southern Mississippi

Question 28

What legal barriers did African Americans face after World War II?

A) the legal right of private businesses to discriminate
B) prohibitions on the right to vote
C) state-sponsored segregation of schools
D) state-sponsored segregation of buses
E) all of these

Question 29

The__________ Amendment, in addition to guaranteeing that no state shall deny any person due process of law, prohibits states from denying any person the equal protection of the law.

A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Sixteenth

Question 30

The Court has created three standards of review to determine if a law is discriminatory. The toughest of these standards is _________.

A) heightened scrutiny
B) strict scrutiny
C) elevated scrutiny
D) rational basis
E) express basis

Question 31

The book suggests that __________ brought about the government's shift from enforcing discrimination to protecting against it.

A) federal government
B) international pressure
C) pressure by those discriminated against
D) religion
E) state government

Question 32

While the Court's ruling in Brown was historic, the ruling itself did little to desegregate schools due to its ambiguous command that schools should desegregate

A) with all deliberate speed.
B) with all due process.
C) with extreme prejudice.
D) with all practical manner.
E) with all extreme speed.

Question 33

The courts have ruled that private discrimination is permissible unless it involves significant _________

A) state action
B) private action
C) direct action
D) discrete action
E) purposeful action

Question 34

Southern politicians used all of the following tactics to disenfranchise African American voters EXCEPT

A) poll taxes.
B) loyalty oaths.
C) white primaries.
D) literacy tests.
E) grandfather clauses.

Question 35

In the landmark case  Brown v. Board of Education, the Court ruled that segregated schools violated the

A) equal protection clause.
B) necessary and proper clause.
C) full faith and credit clause.
D) due process clause.
E) privileges and immunities clause.

Question 36

The__________ of 1866 guaranteed the right of freedmen to make contracts, sue in court if those contracts were violated, and own property.

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Indian Citizenship Act
C) Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) Mississippi Compromise
E) Missouri Compromise

Question 37

The states continued the English policy of __________, which granted married women no rights independent of their husbands.

A) censure
B) coverture
C) equality
D) monogamy
E) suffrage

Question 38

By August 1920, with effective lobbying by suffragist groups, three-quarters of the states ratified the __________ Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote in the November 1920 presidential election.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Nineteenth
E) Twenty-First

Question 39

_________ laws were used by southern states to enforce segregation of whites and black in all public places.

A) Black
B) Immigrant
C) Separate but equal
D) Sedition
E) Jim Crow

Question 40

In order to apply for citizenship today, a person must do all of the following EXCEPT

A) have had legal permanent residency for five years.
B) be of European descent.
C) be married to a U.S. citizen for three years.
D) be of good moral character.
E) pass a citizenship test.

Question 41

The Court reviews laws that discriminate against legal immigrants using strict scrutiny. However, the Court only reviews laws that discriminate against undocumented workers under the

A) rational basis standard.
B) intermediate standard.
C) maximum standard.
D) menial standard.
E) de jure standard.

Question 42

How many states banned sodomy at the time of the Stonewall riots?

A) 10 states
B) 22 states
C) 34 states
D) 41 states
E) all states

Question 43

The _________ was an act passed by Congress in 1963 that prohibits employers from paying different wages for the same job on account of sex.

A) Equal Mystique Act
B) Mystique of Women Act
C) Status of Women Act
D) Equal But Fair Act
E) Equal Pay Act

Question 44

In March 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. organized a voting rights march from __________, where the Alabama police, under the authority of Governor George Wallace, beat the marchers with whips, nightsticks, and cattle prods.

A) Dallas to San Antonio
B) Los Angeles to San Francisco
C) New York to Washington, D.C.
D) Selma to Montgomery
E) Selma to Washington, D.C.

Question 45

In Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Court struck down __________, finding no compelling interest in a law that prohibited interracial marriage.

A) miscegenation
B) misogyny
C) narcissism
D) racism
E) sodomy

Question 46

The landmark __________ (1990) requires public and private employers to make "reasonable accommodations" to known physical and mental limitations of employees with disabilities and, if possible, to modify performance standards to accommodate an employee's disability.

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Defense of Disabilities Act
D) Disability Act
E) Reasonable Accommodation Act

Question 47

The modern homosexual civil rights movement began when police raided the __________.

A) Brooklyn Inn
B) Jackson Inn
C) Stonewall Inn
D) Johnson Inn
E) Kennedy Inn

Question 48

How many states allow prison inmates to vote?

A) 1 state
B) 2 states
C) 10 states
D) 13 states
E) all states

Question 49

In 1996, Congress passed and President Clinton signed the __________ Act, which defines marriage, for the purpose of federal law, as between a man and a woman and declares that states do not have to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.

A) Adam and Eve
B) Civil Rights
C) Defense of Marriage
D) Full Faith and Credit
E) Traditional Marriage

Question 50

The __________ is an independent agency with commissioners selected for five-year fixed terms, which Congress established as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

A) Office of Management and Budget
B) National Economic Council
C) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
D) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
E) None of these

Question 51

The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act overturned the Supreme Court's ruling in

A) Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.
B) Ledbetter v. United States.
C) Ledbetter v. General Motors Inc.
D) Ledbetter v. Microsoft.
E) Ledbetter v. Obama.

Question 52

In 1972, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) established the __________, which worked to eliminate discriminatory laws by developing a litigation strategy for ending gender-based discrimination.

A) Women's Rights Project
B) Women's Highlight Project
C) Women's Anti-Rights Project
D) Women's Antitrust Project
E) None of these

Question 53

In__________, the Supreme Court declared that states could not prohibit sexual activity between people of the same sex, reversing a 1986 decision that asserted homosexual activity was not a fundamental right.

A) Bakke v. California
B) Bowers v. Hardwick
C) the Civil Rights Cases
D) Lawrence v. Texas
E) Shelley v. Kraemer

Question 54

The equal protection clause of the __________ prohibits states from denying to any person-in other words, not just citizens-equal protection under the law.

A) Fourteenth Amendment
B) Fifteenth Amendment
C) Sixteenth Amendment
D) Seventeenth Amendment
E) Eighteenth Amendment

Question 55

The act of profiling is deemed controversial due to its excessive use of _________ toward minorities.

A) unequal treatment
B) equal treatment
C) bifurcated treatment
D) de facto treatment
E) unnecessary treatment

Question 56

The ADA does not cover specific disabilities, rather it provides for

A) any event that limits a person's ability to work.
B) any disability that substantially limits any life activity.
C) any disability that substantially limits a major life activity.
D) any disability that allows for government protection.
E) any event that creates a substantial barrier to most life activity.

Question 57

The _________ by Betty Freidan, is generally seen as launching the modern American feminist movement

A) Feminine Mystique
B) Feminine Mystery
C) Feminine Curiosity
D) Feminine Manifesto
E) Feminine Rational

Question 58

In ________, the Court ruled that the section of DOMA that limited spousal recognition under federal law to a man and a woman is unconstitutional.

A) United States v. Windsor
B) United States v. Spyer
C) United States v. Roth
D) United States v. Newby
E) United States v. Nixon

Question 59

On December 1, 1955, police arrested __________ for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white person.

A) Alice Wallace
B) Judy Meredith
C) Linda Brown
D) Rosa Parks
E) Elizabeth Marshall

Question 60

Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that __________was the only gateway to negotiation. Those negotiations ended with Birmingham businesses agreeing to integrate lunch counters and hire more blacks.

A) peaceful civil disobedience
B) prayer
C) revolution
D) the threat of violence
E) all of these

Question 61

Discuss the differences between public and private discrimination.

Question 62

Explain why the citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment overturned part of the  Dred Scott  case.

Question 63

Explain the current requirements needed to apply for citizenship.

Question 64

Discuss restraints on civil rights during wartime.

Question 65

Explain the differences between "equality of opportunity" and "equality of outcome."

Question 66

Briefly identify the rules that southern states put in place to disenfranchise African American voters.

Question 67

Explain the nature of the Missouri Compromise.

Question 68

Discuss how the United States has dealt with the issue of naturalization over its history. Make sure you discuss how the government has dealt with citizenship in regards to Native Americans.

Question 69

Detail the Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford .

Question 70

Explain the purpose of the Equal Opportunity Commission, including how it differs from a government department head.

Question 71

Briefly discuss the nature of voting rights during America's first hundred years.

Question 72

Identify the groups that have been denied rights to U.S. citizenship.

Question 73

Identify how Congress used immigration laws to keep out ethnic groups and other individuals.

Question 74

Does military necessity overrule civil rights? If so, under what circumstances?

Question 75

Compare civil rights to civil liberties.

Question 76

Identify some of the ways that coverture laws were used to disenfranchise women.

Question 77

Identify and explain the three standards that the courts use to determine if there is a violation of equal protection.

Question 78

What restrictions, if any, should be placed on voting?

Question 79

What was the impact of the separate but equal doctrine?

Question 80

Discuss women's suffrage, including ways that suffrage was hindered and expanded.