Deck 11: Care of Patient With Hiv/aids

Question 1

The nurse will add a special caution to patient teaching for a patient with HIV infection who has a _____ for a house pet.

A)dog
B)cat
C)bird
D)gerbil

Answer 1

cat

Question 2

In the event of an accidental exposure to HIV through a needle stick,the nurse should be given a protocol of 1 to 3 drugs for a period of _____ weeks.

A)4
B)8
C)12
D)16

Answer 2

4

Question 3

The hospitalized patient with an HIV infection who is being treated for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb)demonstrates understanding of care when stating:

A)"I am fortunate that I will not need to be in transmission-based precautions for this infection."
B)"My family will have to get special testing because the normal PPD test is not used to detect exposure to this infection."
C)"It is important for me to take my rifampin medication for the next year."
D)"This infection will only cause problems with my lungs."

Answer 3

"It is important for me to take my rifampin medication for the next year."

Question 4

A patient states that she has heard of two types of HIV and asks the nurse what the difference is between HIV type 1 and HIV type 2.Which response by the nurse is correct?

A)"HIV type 1 is the more severe classification of HIV."
B)"HIV type 2 is a retrovirus."
C)"There is only one type of HIV, not types 1 and 2."
D)"HIV type 1 is the most common type seen in the United States."

Question 5

The nurse includes in the discharge instructions to a patient with HIV the need to make fresh disinfectant solution daily using 1 cup of household bleach mixed with _____ cups of water.

A)2
B)6
C)10
D)12

Question 6

The nurse caring for a patient with advanced AIDS notes that the patient has lost several pounds as the result of having no appetite and poor food consumption.Based on these findings,what should the nurse be alert to?

A)Lymphedema
B)Hyperglycemia
C)Hypertension
D)Anasarca

Question 7

An HIV patient has lost more than 10% of her weight along with having diarrhea for the last 30 days.The nurse knows that these are indications of:

A)AIDS.
B)wasting syndrome.
C)an opportunistic infection.
D)anorexia.

Question 8

The nurse clarifies that the HIV virus enters and alters the DNA of the _____ cell lymphocyte.

A)B
B)T
C)CD4
D)killer T

Question 9

The nurse is aware that Pneumocystis jiroveci (P.carinii,or PCP)becomes a real threat when the immunosuppressed patient's CD4 count drops to _____ cells/mm³.

A)200
B)400
C)600
D)1000

Question 10

The nurse caring for a patient with AIDS who is taking cidofovir (Vistide)for a cytomegalovirus retinitis will modify the care plan to include:

A)provision of cool baths to reduce skin irritation.
B)provision of milk-based drinks to reduce gastritis.
C)teaching direction in the use of an incentive spirometer to reduce pleural effusion.
D)increasing fluid intake to reduce possible nephrotoxicity.

Question 11

The nurse recognizes a need for further instruction when the HIV-positive patient says:

A)"My life is over. HIV and AIDS are the same thing."
B)"I can delay having full-blown AIDS if I change my lifestyle."
C)"Drug protocols can keep me relatively healthy for many years."
D)"I am aware that unsafe sex is a risk factor I ignored."

Question 12

The nurse is aware that more instruction is needed for the HIV-positive patient when she says:

A)"Latex condoms are the best."
B)"I could give my partner HIV without practicing safe sex."
C)"I should avoid pregnancy."
D)"Oral sex is safer and doesn't require a barrier."

Question 13

When oral thrush,recurrent vaginal yeast infections,or skin disorders appear in the HIV-positive patient,the nurse assesses this as:

A)AIDS.
B)invasion of primary pathogens.
C)a sign of a failing immune system.
D)retrovirus infection.

Question 14

The nurse uses a visual aid to demonstrate how nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)and protease inhibitors (PIs)work to combat HIV by:

A)interfering with replication of the virus.
B)stimulating production of CD4 helper cells.
C)making a hostile environment for the virus.
D)dissolving the virus.

Question 15

The nurse speaking with a student about immunocompetence correctly defines it as occurring when:

A)there has been an overwhelming allergic reaction.
B)the immune system cannot differentiate between foreign cells and the body's own cells.
C)the individual is exposed to a disease from which he has no immunity.
D)physiologic responses protect the body against invasion from microorganisms or toxins.

Question 16

The nurse is caring for an immune compromised patient who complains of itching and tingling from below the shoulder on the back around to the chest area,as well as burning and shooting pain,headache,and low-grade fever.The nurse is aware that this patient is most likely experiencing:

A)hepatitis C.
B)shingles.
C)a bacterial infection.
D)cryptococcosis.

Question 17

In caring for the patient who is HIV positive,the nurse should:

A)wear gown, gloves, and mask at all times.
B)limit visitors.
C)monitor intake of salt.
D)use Standard Precautions.

Question 18

The physician explains to a patient that the frequent infections he has been experiencing are caused by insufficient production of antibodies and immune cells.The nurse is aware that the physician is describing what type of disorder?

A)Immune deficiency
B)Autoimmune disease
C)Opportunistic infection
D)Recurrent infection

Question 19

The nurse is caring for an AIDS patient who has been experiencing fatigue,anorexia,weight loss,and occasional nausea/vomiting.Which nursing diagnosis is the priority for this patient?

A)Fatigue
B)Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
C)Activity intolerance
D)Ineffective health maintenance

Question 20

The nurse describes the initial diagnostic test for HIV as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),which is performed to detect:

A)human immunodeficiency virus.
B)depleted phagocytes.
C)numbers of T helper cells.
D)HIV antibodies.

Question 21

Matching
Arrange the process of HIV invasion in the proper sequence.

Step: 1

A)HIV attaches to CD4 receptor sites on helper T cells.
B)Opportunistic infection occurs.
C)Infected cell replicates itself millions of times.
D)T helper cells fail to activate phagocytes.
E)Immune system is unable to respond effectively.

Question 22

Research shows that 73% of new HIV cases are seen in the minority population largely because of: (Select all that apply.)

A)lack of high-quality, culturally sensitive information about HIV and its prevention.
B)cultural beliefs about sex practices.
C)cost of HIV preventative medications.
D)reduced access to health care.
E)lack of intelligence.

Question 23

Matching
Arrange the process of HIV invasion in the proper sequence.

Step: 4

A)HIV attaches to CD4 receptor sites on helper T cells.
B)Opportunistic infection occurs.
C)Infected cell replicates itself millions of times.
D)T helper cells fail to activate phagocytes.
E)Immune system is unable to respond effectively.

Question 24

The school nurse instructing a group of high school sophomores in safe sex practices should include which practice(s)in her teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A)Use a condom.
B)Use a spermicide.
C)Practice abstinence.
D)Get vaccinated against HIV.
E)Avoid unprotected orogenital sex.

Question 25

Matching
Arrange the process of HIV invasion in the proper sequence.

Step: 3

A)HIV attaches to CD4 receptor sites on helper T cells.
B)Opportunistic infection occurs.
C)Infected cell replicates itself millions of times.
D)T helper cells fail to activate phagocytes.
E)Immune system is unable to respond effectively.

Question 26

To plan an effective "Education for Prevention of HIV" teaching outline,the nurse must assess the intended patient population for: (Select all that apply.)

A)likelihood of contracting HIV.
B)level of understanding of the virus.
C)approximate educational level.
D)incidence of infection in area.
E)risk factors practiced.

Question 27

Matching
Arrange the process of HIV invasion in the proper sequence.

Step: 5

A)HIV attaches to CD4 receptor sites on helper T cells.
B)Opportunistic infection occurs.
C)Infected cell replicates itself millions of times.
D)T helper cells fail to activate phagocytes.
E)Immune system is unable to respond effectively.

Question 28

The nurse is providing patient education to the patient newly diagnosed with HIV.When explaining sentinel infections to the patient,the nurse should include which infection? (Select all that apply.)

A)Oral thrush
B)Recurrent vaginal yeast infections
C)Skin infections
D)Tuberculosis
E)Encephalopathy

Question 29

The patient with AIDS voices concern over the amount of money it will cost to manage his disease.The nurse is aware that it is estimated that medications and lab testing cost an average of $______ per year for the patient with AIDS.

Question 30

An HIV-positive patient is diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma (KS).The patient asks why highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)is being prescribed for him.Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A)HAART will help stop the progression of your skin lesions.
B)HAART will prevent you from getting AIDS.
C)HAART will treat any current opportunistic infections you have.
D)HAART will eliminate your HIV.

Question 31

The nurse is working in a trauma unit and is accidentally stuck with an IV needle following venipuncture of the patient.What is the nurse's first action?

A)Immediately begin taking the two- or three-drug regimen.
B)Report the stick to the charge nurse immediately so follow-up can be initiated.
C)Wash the punctured area with soap and water.
D)Complete an incident report so immediate testing of the patient and nurse can begin.

Question 32

The nurse stresses that the primary emphasis on controlling HIV is __________.

Question 33

Matching
Arrange the process of HIV invasion in the proper sequence.

Step: 2

A)HIV attaches to CD4 receptor sites on helper T cells.
B)Opportunistic infection occurs.
C)Infected cell replicates itself millions of times.
D)T helper cells fail to activate phagocytes.
E)Immune system is unable to respond effectively.