Deck 13: Acids and Bases: the Molecules Responsible for Sour and Bitter

Question 1

Which of the following substances is a base?

A)Sodium hydroxide
B)Potassium hydroxide
C)Sodium bicarbonate
D)Ammonia
E)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Water can act as  _____.

A)a proton donor
B)a proton acceptor
C)either a proton donor or a proton acceptor
D)neither a proton donor nor a proton acceptor

Answer 2

either a proton donor or a proton acceptor

Question 3

Which of these is the best definition of a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A)Any substance that produces H⁺ ions in solution.
B)Any substance that produces OH ⁻ ions in solution.
C)Any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons.
D)Any substance that neutralizes an acid in solution.
E)Any substance that accepts H⁺ ion in solution.

Answer 3

Any substance that accepts H⁺ ion in solution.

Question 4

Which of these compounds can not act as a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A)NH₄⁺
B)OH ⁻
C)CH₃COO ⁻
D)H₂O
E)NH₃

Question 5

The formula of hydronium ion is  _____.

A)OH ⁻
B)OH⁺
C)H₃O⁺
D)H₃O ⁻
E)none of the above

Question 6

Which of these are properties of acids?
I. Sour
II. Turn litmus blue
III. Dissolve some metals
IV. Slippery

A)I only
B)III only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)II, III and IV

Question 7

Which of these is the Bronsted-Lowry acid in this chemical equation?
H₂O + CN ⁻ → HCN + OH ⁻

A)H₃O⁺
B)H₂O
C)H₂SO₄
D)CN ⁻
E)OH ⁻

Question 8

Which of these substances is a strong acid?

A)HCN
B)H₂PO₃
C)HCl
D)HNO₂
E)H₂CO₃

Question 9

Which of these statements about strong acids is correct ?

A)Acids which are concentrated.
B)Acids which have a very high pH.
C)Acids which dissociate 100% into ions.
D)Acids which dissociate very little into ions.
E)Both B and C are correct.

Question 10

The formula of the hydroxide ion is:

A)OH ⁻
B)OH⁺
C)H₃O⁺
D)H₃O ⁻
E)none of the above

Question 11

Which of these substances is a base?

A)NaHCO₃
B)HCl
C)HNO₃
D)H₃PO₄
E)CH₃COOH

Question 12

Which of these acids is a component in vinegar?

A)H₂SO₄
B)HCl
C)HNO₃
D)NaOH
E)CH₃COOH

Question 13

Which of these is the Bronsted-Lowry base in this chemical equation?
​
H₂O + CH₃COOH CH₃COO ⁻ + H₃O⁺

A)H₃O⁺
B)H₂O
C)CH₃COOH
D)​ CH₃COO^- 
E)​ OH^-

Question 14

Which of these substances is a weak base?

A)HCN
B)CH₃COOH
C)HCl
D)HCOOH
E)C₅H₅N

Question 15

Which of these are properties of bases?
I. Sour
II. Turn litmus blue
III. Dissolve some metals
IV. Slippery

A)I only
B)III only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)II and IV

Question 16

Which of these compounds can not act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A)H₃O⁺
B)H₂O
C)CH₃COOH
D)MgO
E)NH₃

Question 17

Which of these is the Bronsted-Lowry base in this chemical equation?
HSO₄ ⁻ + OH ⁻ SO₄^{2 −} + H₂O

A)HSO₄ ⁻
B)H₂O
C)S
D)OH ⁻
E)NH₃

Question 18

Which of these is the best definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A)Any substance that donates H⁺ ions in solution.
B)Any substance that produces OH ⁻ ions in solution.
C)Any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons.
D)Any substance that neutralizes a base in solution.
E)Any substance that accepts H⁺ ion in solution.

Question 19

Which of these is the best definition of an Arrehenius base?

A)Any substance that produces H⁺ ions in solution.
B)Any substance that produces OH ⁻ ions in solution.
C)Any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons.
D)Any substance that neutralizes an acid in solution.
E)Any substance that accepts H⁺ ion in solution.

Question 20

Which of these substances is an acid?

A)NaHCO₃
B)NaOH
C)NH₃
D)KOH
E)CH₃COOH

Question 21

Which of these acids is responsible for the tartness of vinegar?

A)Muriatic
B)Citric
C)Sulfuric
D)Acetic
E)Benzoic

Question 22

Which of these has the greatest [H₃O⁺]?

A)pH = 2
B)pH = 5
C)pH = 7
D)pH = 11
E)pH = 13

Question 23

Which of these has the smallest [H₃O⁺]?

A)pH = 2
B)pH = 5
C)pH = 7
D)pH = 11
E)pH = 13

Question 24

Which of these substances is represented in the diagram?
​

A)A weak acid
B)A weak base
C)A strong acid
D)A strong base
E)A salt

Question 25

What is the pH of pure water at 25 ^oC?

A)0
B)1
C)10
D)14
E)none of the above

Question 26

Which of these statements concerning pure water is incorrect ?

A)The pH is 7 at 25 ^oC.
B)It contains no ions.
C)It is neutral.
D)It can act as a proton acceptor.

Question 27

Which of these acids forms when wine is left exposed to oxygen for extended periods?

A)Muriatic
B)Citric
C)Sulfuric
D)Acetic
E)Benzoic

Question 28

Which of these substances is a weak acid?

A)NH₃
B)HCOOH
C)HCl
D)HNO₃
E)C₅H₅N

Question 29

Which of these statements concerning pH is incorrect ?

A)pH is based on the [H₃O⁺] in solution.
B)If [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10 ^{− 13}, then the solution is basic.
C)pH = 3.0 is ten times more acidic than pH = 2.
D)If the pH > 7 then the solution is basic.
E)Pure water has [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10 ^{− 7}.

Question 30

What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of a strong acid?

A)0
B)1.00
C)13.00
D)14.00
E)Can't tell from the given information.

Question 31

What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of a weak acid?

A)0
B)1.00
C)13.00
D)14.00
E)Can't tell from the given information.

Question 32

Which of these acids is responsible for the sourness in many fruits?

A)Muriatic
B)Citric
C)Sulfuric
D)Acetic
E)Benzoic

Question 33

What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of a strong base?

A)0
B)1.00
C)13.00
D)14.00
E)Can't tell from the given information.

Question 34

Which of these statements concerning pH is incorrect ?

A)pH is based on the [H₃O⁺] in solution.
B)If [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10 ^{− 4}, the solution is acidic.
C)If pH = 7.0 then the solution is neutral.
D)If the pH
E)Pure water has [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10^-7 M.

Question 35

Which of these statements about weak bases is correct ?

A)Bases which are concentrated.
B)Bases which have a very high pH.
C)Bases which dissociate 100% into ions.
D)Bases which dissociate very little into ions.
E)Both B and C are correct.

Question 36

Which of these substances is represented in the diagram?
​

A)A weak acid
B)A weak base
C)A strong acid
D)A strong base
E)A salt

Question 37

Which of these sets indicating relative acid strength is correct ?

A)H₂CO₃> NH₃
B)HCOOH > H₂SO₄
C)C₅H₅N > H₃PO₄
D)KOH > CH₃COOH
E)C₆H₅COOH > HNO₃

Question 38

Compared to a solution that has a pH of 2.00, a solution that has a pH of 4.00:

A)contains twice as much hydronium ion.
B)contains half as much hydronium ion.
C)contains 100 times as much hydronium ion.
D)contains .01 times as much hydronium ion.
E)none of the above

Question 39

Compared to a solution that has a pH of 2.00, a solution that has a pH of 4.00:

A)contains twice as much hydroxide ion.
B)contains half as much hydroxide ion.
C)contains 100 times as much hydroxide ion.
D)contains .01 times as much hydroxide ion.
E)none of the above

Question 40

Which of these sets indicating relative acid strength is correct ?

A)NH₃ > H₂CO₃
B)HCOOH > H₂SO₄
C)HCl > CH₃COOH
D)C₆H₆COOH > HNO₃
E)C₅H₅N > H₃PO₄

Question 41

Which of these acids is responsible for the apple flavor of some wines?

A)Malic
B)Citric
C)Tartaric
D)Acetic
E)Lactic

Question 42

Which of these pairs represent the products of this dissociation in water?
​
NaHCO₃ = ____ + ____

A)NaOH, CO₂
B)OH ⁻ , NaCO⁺
C)NaH⁺², CO₃^{2 +}
D)Na⁺, HCO₃ ⁻
E)H₂O, CO

Question 43

Which of these acids is found in stomach acid?

A)Malic
B)Hydrochloric
C)Phosphoric
D)Acetic
E)Lactic

Question 44

Which of these substances is most basic?

A)Lemons
B)Corn
C)Soft drinks
D)Blood
E)Wine

Question 45

Which of these acids is not found in wines?

A)Lactic
B)Citric
C)Tartaric
D)Acetic
E)Salicylic

Question 46

Which of these substances is most acidic?

A)Lemons
B)Pure water
C)Milk of magnesia
D)Blood
E)Wine

Question 47

Which of these two acids are found in most soft drinks?

A)Acetic and citric
B)Lactic and citric
C)Malic and lactic
D)Carbonic and phosphoric
E)Hydrochloric and phosphoric

Question 48

Which of these equations best represents the reaction that takes place in the stomach when the antacid calcium carbonate is taken?

A)NaHCO₃ + H₂O + CO
B)CaCO₃  = H₂O + CO
C)CO₃^{2 −} + 2H₃O⁺ = 3H₂O + CO₂
D)Ca²⁺ + 2H₃O⁺ = 3H₂O + CaO
E)CaCO₃ + H₃O⁺ = Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂

Question 49

Rank these substances in increasing acidity (least acidic to most acidic).
1.0 M HCOOH, 1.0 M NaHCO₃, 1.0 M H₂SO₄

A)1.0 M HCOOH
B)1.0 M NaHCO₃
C)1.0 M H₂SO₄
D)1.00 M H₂SO₄
E)1.00 M NaHCO₃

Question 50

Which of these is the active ingredient in aspirin?

A)Salicylic acid
B)Acetylsalicylic acid
C)Acetic acid
D)Lactic acid

Question 51

Which of these pairs represent the products of this dissociation in water?
​
Mg(OH)₂ = ____ + ____

A)MgOH, H₂
B)OH ⁻ , MgOH⁺
C)Mg⁺², 2OH ⁻
D)Mg⁺, 2OH ⁻
E)OH₂ ⁻ , Mg⁺

Question 52

Which of these acids is responsible for the buttery flavor of some wines?

A)Malic
B)Citric
C)Tartaric
D)Acetic
E)Lactic

Question 53

Which of these substances would have the lowest pH?

A)1.0 M CH₃COOH
B)1.0 M HNO₃
C)1.0 M NH₃
D)1.0 M HCOOH
E)1.0 M NaOH

Question 54

Which of these is not a base?

A)HCOOH
B)NaHCO₃
C)NaOH
D)CaCO₃
E)Mg(OH)₂

Question 55

Which of these substances would have the highest pH?

A)1.0 M CH₃COOH
B)1.0 M HNO₃
C)1.0 M NH₃
D)1.0 M HCOOH
E)1.0 M NaOH

Question 56

Which of these substances is most acidic?

A)Pure water
B)Corn
C)Soft drinks
D)Blood
E)Beer

Question 57

Which of these is the primary ingredient in baking soda?

A)NaOH
B)Mg(OH)₂
C)Al(OH)₃
D)CaCO₃
E)NaHCO₃

Question 58

Rank these compounds in increasing acidity (least acidic to most acidic).
​
1.0 M HCOOH, 1.0 M HCl, 1.0 M NH₃ , 1.0 M NaOH

A)1.0 M HCOOH
B)1.0 M NH₃
C)1.0 M NaOH
D)1.00 M NaOH
E)1.00 M NH₃

Question 59

Which of these substances is most basic?

A)Lemons
B)Pure water
C)Milk of magnesia
D)Blood
E)Wine

Question 60

Which of these acids is a parent molecule for making aspirin?

A)Muriatic
B)Citric
C)Benzoic
D)Acetic
E)Salicylic

Question 61

Which of these methods of reducing SO₂ emissions employs spraying limestone and water in coal smokestacks?

A)Crushing and washing
B)Vaporizing and condensing
C)Subliming
D)Flue gas scrubbers
E)None of these

Question 62

Which of these statements about acid rain is correct?

A)Acid rain has destroyed all marine life in entire lakes.
B)Acid rain slows the rate of tree growth.
C)Acid rain accelerates the rusting process.
D)Acid rain can effectively remove nutrients from soil.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 63

Which of these represents the average pH of ordinary rain water?

A)1
B)2.8
C)3.5
D)5.6
E)7.0

Question 64

Which of these gases combine with water to form acid rain?
I. SO₂
II. NO₂
III. H₂
IV. N₂
V. Cl₂

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)I and IV
E)I, III and V

Question 65

Which of these gases is targeted by the 1990 Clean Air Act for a 50% reduction of emission by 2010?

A)SO₂
B)CO₂
C)NO₂
D)Cl₂
E)N₂

Question 66

The most acidic rainfall in the United States occurs in  _____.

A)the northwest region.
B)the southwest region
C)the southeast region
D)the northeast region
E)the midwest.

Question 67

Rain is naturally acidic as a result of ____ gas reacting with the water.

A)SO₂
B)CO₂
C)NO₂
D)Cl₂
E)N₂

Question 68

The combustion of which of these fuels is the most significant contributor in the formation of acid rain?

A)Oil
B)Coal
C)Natural gas
D)Geothermal
E)Nuclear

Question 69

Which of these is not a method used by utilities to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions?

A)Burning low-sulfur coal.
B)Crushing and washing coal to remove sulfur.
C)Burning coal at high temperatures to break down the sulfur.
D)Employing flue gas scrubbers in smoke stacks which traps sulfur dioxide.
E)All of these are current methods utilities are using to lower SO₂ emissions.