Deck 15: The Chemistry of Household Products

Question 1

A mixture where one substance in a finely divided state is dispersed throughout another is known as a ____.

A)polymer
B)surfactant
C)micelle
D)colloidal suspension
E)soap

Answer 1

colloidal suspension

Question 2

Which of these properties of soap provide it the ability to dissolve grease in water?

A)Acidity
B)Oxidizing ability
C)Polymerization
D)Molecular flexibility
E)Polar-nonpolar nature

Answer 2

Polar-nonpolar nature

Question 3

Soap functions in the dissolution of grease when its ____ interacts with the nonpolar grease while its ____ interacts with water.

A)hydrocarbon tail, ionic head
B)ionic head, hydrocarbon tail
C)micelle, hydrocarbon tail
D)hydrocarbon tail, micelle
E)ionic head, micelle

Answer 3

hydrocarbon tail, ionic head

Question 4

Soap is classified as a(n):

A)lipid.
B)oil.
C)surfactant.
D)plastic.
E)enzyme.

Question 5

Which of these ions found in hard water will reduce the effectiveness of soap?

A)Ca²⁺
B)C^{4 −}
C)F ⁻
D)Ag⁺
E)Hg²⁺

Question 6

Which of these substances will stain fabric but can be removed because it dissolves easily in water?

A)Grease
B)Syrup
C)Coffee
D)Wine
E)Ink

Question 7

Which of these substances is used to oxidize tough stains on fabrics?

A)Grease
B)Surfactant
C)Polymers
D)Micelles
E)Bleach

Question 8

Which of these substances becomes trapped in the center of the micelle when it is formed?

A)Soap
B)Grease
C)Water
D)Bleach
E)None of these

Question 9

Which of these represent(s)characteristic(s)of LAS detergents but not of ABS detergents?
I. Biodegradable
II. Branched alkyl chain
III. Anionic detergent

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)II and III

Question 10

Which of these is\are characteristic(s)of soap?
I. It acts at surfaces.
II. It contains a polar ionic head.
III. Micelles of soap are neutral and therefore react with grease effectively.

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III.

Question 11

A group of soap molecules will form a micelle to minimize which of these?

A)Exposure of surfactants to grease.
B)Exposure of micelles to each other.
C)Exposure of the ionic head to water.
D)Exposure of the ionic head to grease.
E)Exposure of the hydrocarbon tail to water.

Question 12

Soap molecules can cluster together and form structures called:

A)polymers.
B)detergents.
C)micelles.
D)colloids.
E)surfactants.

Question 13

Which of these was the primary problem with alkylbenzenesufonates (ABS)detergents?

A)Nonbiodegradable
B)Expensive
C)Limited effectiveness
D)Formation of curd
E)None of these

Question 14

Which of these represent(s)characteristic(s)of ABS detergents?
I. Biodegradable
II. Branched alkyl chain
III. Cationic detergent

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)II and III

Question 15

Which of these is not a problem associated with soap in hard water?

A)Nonbiodegrable products
B)Expensive
C)Formation of curd
D)Decreased effectiveness of soap
E)Both A and B are not problems.

Question 16

Which of these is\are not characteristic(s)of soap?
I. It acts at surfaces.
II. It contains a polar hydrocarbon tail.
III. An abundance of soap added to water results in micelles.

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 17

Which of these detergents was the first developed in response to the problems associated with ABS detergents?

A)Cationic
B)Nonionic
C)LAS
D)LBS
E)None of these

Question 18

Which of these substances acts as the emulsifying agent in a mixture of soap, water, and grease?

A)Water
B)Grease
C)Soap
D)Bleach
E)Both A and C

Question 19

Which of these was the first synthetic detergent designed to combat the problem of hard water?

A)Nonionic
B)LAS
C)Cationic
D)ABS
E)LBS

Question 20

Which of these is another name for colloidal suspensions?

A)Emulsions
B)Polymers
C)Lipids
D)Surfactants
E)Reducing agents

Question 21

Which of these substances is the active ingredient in drain opener?

A)HCl
B)Bleach
C)NaOH
D)Sebum
E)Zeolite

Question 22

Which of these is not a class of detergents?

A)Hydrated
B)Cationic
C)Anionic
D)Nonionic
E)LAS

Question 23

What is the primary function of a builder in laundry detergents?

A)Act as an emulsifying agent
B)Attack grease and other nonpolar stains
C)Remove hard water ions like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺
D)Increase the effectiveness of surfactant oxidation
E)Accelerate the natural biodegrading of the surfactant

Question 24

Which of these substances have been used as replacements for phosphates in laundry detergents?

A)Sodium carbonate
B)Zeolites
C)Enzymes
D)Bleaches
E)Both A and B

Question 25

Which of these processes occur(s)when phosphates are introduced into natural waters?
I. Fish and marine life may undergo mutation.
II. Fertilized algae grows into extremely large blooms.
III. A large number of oxidation reactions deplete the oxygen supply.

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and III
D)II and III
E)I and II

Question 26

Which of these interactions that hold hair strands together is\are pH sensitive?
I. Salt bridges
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Disulfide linkages

A)I only
B)III only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 27

Any substance that increases the effectiveness of a surfactant is known as a(n)____.

A)hydrate
B)emulsifier
C)builder
D)dissolver
E)oxidizer

Question 28

Which of these is\are not molecular force(s)that holds hair strands together?
I. Disulfide linkages
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Nonpolar hydrocarbon tails

A)I only
B)III only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 29

Which of these substances contain sodium ions that exchange places with the calcium ions in hard water?

A)Phosphates
B)Sodium carbonate
C)Zeolites
D)Bleaches
E)Sodium tripolyphosphate

Question 30

Which of these substances is not found in ordinary laundry detergent?

A)Bleaches
B)Sebum
C)Enzymes
D)Zeolites
E)Builders

Question 31

Which of these process is characterized by large algae blooms and may cause death to marine life in a lake or bayou?

A)Eutrophication
B)Reduction
C)Saponification
D)Emulsification
E)Corrosion

Question 32

Which of these statements about hair is incorrect ?

A)Hair can be dissolved by NaOH.
B)Hair is primarily composed of proteins.
C)Hair strands interact via hydrogen bonds, disulfide linkages, and salt bridges.
D)Hydrogen bonds are manipulated in wet and dry hair to induce curling.
E)None of the above.

Question 33

Which of these substances is secreted from glands on the scalp to keep hair from drying out?

A)Bleaches
B)Buffers
C)Enzymes
D)Zeolites
E)Sebum

Question 34

Which of these pairs represents the two functions of a builder in detergents?

A)Oxidize, emulsify
B)Reduction, emulsify
C)Biodegrade, oxidize
D)Sequestering, suspend soil particles
E)Oxidize stains, suspend soil particles

Question 35

Which of these substances serves as a "balling" reducer and an additional stain remover in detergents?

A)Phosphates
B)Fillers
C)Enzymes
D)Zeolites
E)Builders

Question 36

Which of these builders forms insoluble precipitates when it reacts with the ions found in hard water?

A)Phosphates
B)Sodium carbonate
C)Enzymes
D)Zeolites
E)Sodium tripolyphosphate

Question 37

Which of these substances serves no laundering purpose in a detergent except to increase bulk?

A)Phosphates
B)Fillers
C)Enzymes
D)Zeolites
E)Builders

Question 38

Identify the type of detergent the structure represents.

A)cationic
B)anionic
C)nonionic
D)hydrated
E)neutral

Question 39

Which of these interactions between keratin strands is\are broken and reformed to "permanently" curl hair?
I. Salt bridges
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Disulfide linkages

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 40

Permanently curled hair is achieved by applying a(n)____ to the hair followed by a(n)____ to reform the disulfide linkages.

A)mild acid, strong base
B)ionic salt, strong acid
C)mild oxidizing agent, mild reducing agent
D)mild reducing agent, mild oxidizing agent
E)strong acid, mild base and cationic salt solution

Question 41

Polymers which produce water as a byproduct during their formation are known as ____.

A)copolymers
B)condensation polymers
C)thermopolymers
D)addition polymers
E)elastomers

Question 42

PVC stands for polyvinyl ________.

A)carbon
B)carbonate
C)calcium
D)cations
E)none of the above

Question 43

A middle note in a perfume is due to molecules that are _______ and ______volatile than molecules that produce top notes in a perfume.

A)smaller, more
B)smaller, less
C)larger, more
D)larger, less

Question 44

Which of these statements about deodorants is incorrect ?

A)Deodorants contain antibacterial substances.
B)Deodorants function by killing off the bacteria that cause odor.
C)Deodorants reduce the amount of perspiration that a sweat gland produces.
D)Deodorants are designed to mask or eliminate body odor.
E)All of these statements are correct.

Question 45

A polymer formed by the attaching monomer units one after another without the loss of any atoms is known as a(n)____.

A)thermopolymer
B)condensation polymer
C)copolymer
D)addition polymer
E)elastomer

Question 46

A small volatile molecule is most likely to be responsible for the ____ note of a perfume.

A)top
B)middle
C)end
D)none of the above

Question 47

Which of these products is\are not an emulsion of oil and water?
I. Creams
II. Lotions
III. Foundations
IV. Perfumes

A)III only
B)IV only
C)I and II
D)III and IV
E)I, II, and III

Question 48

Which of the following are combined to produce nylon?

A)An alcohol and an amide
B)An alcohol and an amine
C)An acid and an amide
D)An acid and an amine
E)None of the above

Question 49

Polymers composed of alternating monomer units are known as ____.

A)copolymers
B)condensation polymers
C)thermopolymers
D)addition polymers
E)elastomers

Question 50

Which of the following is most likely to be found in the monomer of an addition polymer?

A)An alcohol group
B)A carbon to carbon double bond
C)A nitrogen atom
D)A carbon to oxygen double bond
E)None of the above

Question 51

Which of these substances is the primary component in conditioners?

A)Anionic surfactants
B)Cationic surfactants
C)Fragrances
D)Nonionic surfactants
E)Sodium lauryl sulfate

Question 52

Which of these is not a substituted polyethylene polymer?

A)Polypropylene
B)Polyvinyl chloride
C)Polystyrene
D)Polyisobutylene
E)All of these are substituted polyethylenes

Question 53

Which of these two substances are responsible for the natural color of hair?

A)Sebum and melanin
B)Sebum and peroxides
C)Melanin and phaeomelanin
D)Anionic surfactants and bleaches
E)Ammonium compounds and sulfide compounds

Question 54

Which of these substances can be used to lighten hair?

A)Hydrogen peroxide
B)Melanin
C)Phaeomelanin
D)Surfactants
E)Builders

Question 55

Which of these substances is not a component in shampoo?

A)Anionic surfactants
B)Thickeners
C)Fragrances
D)Sodium lauryl sulfate
E)Quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 56

Which of these classes of polymers describe(s)polyethylene?
I. Thermoplastic
II. Copolymer
III. Addition polymer

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and III
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 57

The human nose contains how many chemical receptors?

A)50
B)50,000
C)50,000,000
D)50,000,000,000
E)50,000,000,000,000

Question 58

The ideal moisture content of skin is:

A)0%
B)10%
C)20%
D)30%
E)40%

Question 59

When nylon is produced, the small molecule lost during the condensation polymerization process is _______.

A)ammonia
B)hydrogen
C)water
D)carbon dioxide
E)none of the above

Question 60

Which of these substances is a common UV absorber found in sunscreens?

A)Zeolites
B)Melanin
C)Sebum
D)PABA
E)Sodium lauryl sulfate

Question 61

A polymer that softens when heated or hardens when cooled is known as a(n)____.

A)copolymer
B)thermoplastic
C)condensation polymer
D)addition polymer
E)elastomer

Question 62

Which of these processes is utilized to make rubber more elastic?

A)Condensation
B)Reduction
C)Addition
D)Vulcanization
E)Sublimation

Question 63

Which of these classes of polymers best describes rubber?

A)Copolymer
B)Condensation polymer
C)Thermopolymer
D)Addition polymer
E)Elastomer